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Coronary Circulation
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Book Synopsis Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow by : Michitoshi Inoue
Download or read book Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow written by Michitoshi Inoue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.
Book Synopsis OSCE Guide for the ABA Applied Examination by : Sean Neill
Download or read book OSCE Guide for the ABA Applied Examination written by Sean Neill and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-26 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An illustrative and educational guide to the new OSCE component of the ABA Applied exam.
Book Synopsis Coronary Circulation in Physiological and Pathophysiological States by : Motoomi Nakamura
Download or read book Coronary Circulation in Physiological and Pathophysiological States written by Motoomi Nakamura and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-12-25 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MOTOOMI NAKAMURA As we approach the 21st century, ischemic heart disease is the major cause of death in most of the developed nations of the world. Since the 1970s, much effort and expense have led to designs of coronary thrombolytic therapy, percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA), coronary artery bypass grafting, heart transplantation, automatic defibrillators, as well as to the formation of beta blockers and com pounds which block the calcium channel. Socio-educational programs directed at exercise, diet, instruction in the risk factors of smoking, hyperlipidemia and hypertension have contributed to the decrease in the rate of morbidity and mortality of patients with ischemic heart disease. However, the first clinical event of ischemic heart disease, the so-called "heart attack" and sudden cardiac death continues to present problems, as the mechanisms involved in these events are poorly understood. It has long been thought that ischemic heart disease is the sequence of an organic fixed atherosclerotic obstruction of the epicardial coronary arteries and the role of coronary vasomotion has been given much less attention. Recent clinical and laboratory animal studies revealed that increased tonus and spasm of the large epicardial coronary arteries are the cause of various stages of ischemic heart disease. The role of coronary vasospasm in the development of un stable angina, sudden cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction remains open to debate. Pharmacophysiological studies showed that the epicardial large coronary artery contributes only 5% to regulation of normal coronary flow.
Book Synopsis Coronary Circulation by : Johnathan D. Tune
Download or read book Coronary Circulation written by Johnathan D. Tune and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The coronary circulation is unique in that it is responsible for maintaining adequate oxygen and substrate delivery to the organ that generates the pressure needed to drive blood throughout the entire circulatory system. In the simplest terms, coronary blood flow is directly proportional to the arterial pressure gradient across the coronary vasculature and inversely proportional to coronary vascular resistance. However, myocardial perfusion is collectively regulated by a complex variety of mechanisms which include: (1) extravascular compressive forces; (2) diastolic time fraction; (3) coronary perfusion pressure; (4) myocardial metabolism (local metabolic factors); (5) endothelial-derived substances; (6) neuro-humoral influences; and (7) arterial oxygen tension and content. This book considers each of these determinants with particular emphasis on the functional interaction between the physical and biological determinants of myocardial perfusion. Pathophysiologic aspects of coronary atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease states are also considered. Table of Contents: Abbreviations / Acknowledgments / Introduction / Basic Coronary Anatomy / Myocardial-Coronary Interaction / Arterial Pressure and Autoregulation / Local Metabolic Control / Endothelial-Dependent Control / Neural Activation and Circulating Hormones / Coronary Stenosis, Myocardial Ischemia, and Effects of Disease / Summary / Reference List / Author Biography
Book Synopsis Coronary Circulation by : Ghassan S. Kassab
Download or read book Coronary Circulation written by Ghassan S. Kassab and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-15 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive text examines both global and local coronary blood flow based on morphometry and mechanical properties of the coronary vasculature. Using a biomechanical approach, this book addresses coronary circulation in a quantitative manner based on models rooted in experimental data that account for the various physical determinants of coronary blood flow including myocardial-vessel interactions and various mechanisms of autoregulation. This is the first text dedicated to a distributive analysis (as opposed to lumped) and provides digital files for detailed anatomical data (e.g., diameters, lengths, node-to-node connections) of the coronary vessels. This book also provides appendices with specific mathematical formulations for the biomechanical analyses and models in the text. Written by Dr. Ghassan S. Kassab, a leader in the field of coronary biomechanics, Coronary Circulation: Anatomy, Mechanical Properties, and Biomechanics is a synthesis of seminal topics in the field and is intended for clinicians, bioengineers, and researchers as a compendium on the topic. The detailed anatomical and mechanical data provided are intended to be used as a platform to address new questions in this exciting and clinically very important research area.
Book Synopsis The Physics of Coronary Blood Flow by : M. Zamir
Download or read book The Physics of Coronary Blood Flow written by M. Zamir and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-06-18 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fields of biological and medical physics and biomedical engineering are broad, multidisciplinary and dyanmic. They lie at the crossroads of frontier - search in physics, biology, chemistry, and medicine. The Biological & Me- cal Physics/Biomedical Engineering Series is intended to be comprehensive, covering a broad range of topics important to the study of the physical, che- cal and biological sciences. Its goal is to provide scientists and engineers with textbooks, monographs, and reference works to address the growing need for information. Books in the series emphasize established and emergent areas of science - cluding molecular, membrane, and mathematical biophysics; photosynthetic - ergy harvesting and conversion; information processing; physical principles of genetics; sensory communications; automata networks, neural networks, and cellular automata. Equally important will be coverage of applied aspects of b- logical and medical physics and biomedical engineering such as molecular el- tronic components and devices, biosensors, medicine, imaging, physical prin- ples of renewable energy production, advanced prostheses, and environmental control and engineering. Elias Greenbaum Oak Ridge, TN M. Zamir Department of Applied Mathematics University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, N6A 5B7 CANADA [email protected] Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Zamir, M. (Mair) The physics of coronary blood flow / M. Zamir. p. cm. — (Biological and medical physics, biomedical engineering) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Coronary circulation. 2. Hemodynamics. 3. Blood flow. I. Title. II. Series. QP108.Z36 2005 612.1?7—dc22 2005042502 ISBN-10: 0-387-25297-5 e-ISBN: 0-387-26019-6 Printed on acid-free paper.
Book Synopsis Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition by : Roland N. Pittman
Download or read book Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition written by Roland N. Pittman and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-18 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.
Book Synopsis Coronary Circulation by : Fumihiko Kajiya
Download or read book Coronary Circulation written by Fumihiko Kajiya and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coronary heart disease is one of the major health problems in indus trialized nations because of its high incidence and severity. Recent innovations in medical and surgical treatment of coronary heart dis ease have increased the importance of accurate diagnostic methods for determining the severity of coronary disease, identifying potential treatment alternatives, and evaluating the results of treatment. Great advances have also been made in basic research on coronary circula tion and its interaction with myocardial contraction and relaxation and neural and humoral control. With respect to these developments, the papers included in the present monograph deal with important topics concerned with the basic mechanism of coronary circulation as well as ones of clinical relevance. It is directed toward physicians (cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, cardiac radiologists, anestheologists, and others) and basic scientists (e.g., physiologists, bioengineers). We would like to em phasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in which basic scientists and clinicians work closely together. This volume consists of nine chapters. Chapter 1 contains macro scopic and microscopic descriptions of coronary vascular anatomy, which is closely related to the functions of coronary circulation. In Chap. 2 two methods in current use to evaluate phasic coronary blood velocity waveforms are presented, i.e., the laser Doppler and ultrasound Doppler methods. Chapter 3 describes the mechanical properties of coronary circulation, a knowledge of which is indispens able for an understanding of coronary arterial and venous blood flow velocity waveforms in relation to cardiac contraction and relaxation.
Book Synopsis Coronary Circulation by : J.A. Spaan
Download or read book Coronary Circulation written by J.A. Spaan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few diagnostic methods in Cardiology have heralded such revolutionary developments as the introduction of coronary arteriography. When, in the early 1960's, Dr. F. Mason Sones demonstrated that visualization of the coronary anatomy in living humans was not only feasible but sufficiently safe and reliable to be used as a clinical tool in the evaluation of patients with known or suspected ischemic heart disease, the thus far somewhat neglected area of coronary circulation became the focus of interest. Naturally, for a considerable period of time a great deal of emphasis was placed upon coronary anatomy. Simple relations between narrowing lesions, impediment to flow, and prognosis were assumed to exist. Spectacular results of surgical coronary revascularization seemed to confirm this concept. Gradually it has become evident that the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease is considerably more complex. Diagnostic methods were introduced to assess and quantify exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. At first, these tests were used mainly to achieve a more discriminative selection of candidates for coronary arteriography and the coronary arteriogram remained the gold standard. Currently, these techniques have evolved to the point where they provide valuable functional and metabolic information. They have become powerful independent tools in clinical investigations and evaluation of individual patients.
Download or read book Coronary Pressure written by N.H. Pijls and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiologists must answer three important questions when evaluating and treating patients with a coronary artery stenosis. As a physiologist: "What is the effect of this stenosis on coronary blood flow and myocardial function?"; as a clinician: " Is this lesion responsible for the patient's symptoms?"; and finally as an interventionalist: "Will revascularization of this artery improve the patient?" Fundamentally, the answer to these questions can be given to a large extent by measuring coronary pressure. That is the rationale of writing this book. 1. 1 Historical overview. Andreas Gruentzig and most interventional cardiologists in the early days of PTCA, had the intuitive feeling that pressure measurements could help to establish the severity of a coronary stenosis and to monitor the progress and result of a coronary intervention. At that time, measuring coronary pressure by the balloon catheter was part of a standard procedure. A residual transstenotic gradient of less than 15 mmHg was generally considered as a good result. Later, however, it turned out that measuring these (resting) gradients with balloon catheters was inaccurate an only had a limited prognostic value. Moreover, because there was no consistent theory to correlate pressure measurements to blood flow, the interest in measuring coronary pressures faded and disappeared almost completely with the introduction of new balloon catheters not intended for pressure measurement.
Book Synopsis Coronary Circulation in Physiological and Pathophysiological States by : Motoomi Nakamura
Download or read book Coronary Circulation in Physiological and Pathophysiological States written by Motoomi Nakamura and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MOTOOMI NAKAMURA As we approach the 21st century, ischemic heart disease is the major cause of death in most of the developed nations of the world. Since the 1970s, much effort and expense have led to designs of coronary thrombolytic therapy, percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA), coronary artery bypass grafting, heart transplantation, automatic defibrillators, as well as to the formation of beta blockers and com pounds which block the calcium channel. Socio-educational programs directed at exercise, diet, instruction in the risk factors of smoking, hyperlipidemia and hypertension have contributed to the decrease in the rate of morbidity and mortality of patients with ischemic heart disease. However, the first clinical event of ischemic heart disease, the so-called "heart attack" and sudden cardiac death continues to present problems, as the mechanisms involved in these events are poorly understood. It has long been thought that ischemic heart disease is the sequence of an organic fixed atherosclerotic obstruction of the epicardial coronary arteries and the role of coronary vasomotion has been given much less attention. Recent clinical and laboratory animal studies revealed that increased tonus and spasm of the large epicardial coronary arteries are the cause of various stages of ischemic heart disease. The role of coronary vasospasm in the development of un stable angina, sudden cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction remains open to debate. Pharmacophysiological studies showed that the epicardial large coronary artery contributes only 5% to regulation of normal coronary flow.
Download or read book Coronary Blood Flow written by J.A. Spaan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: by JULIEN IE HOFFMAN One of the earliest coronary physiologists was Scaramucci who, in 1695, postu lated that during systole the contracting myocardium inhibited coronary blood flow. Since then, the many contributions that have been made to our knowledge of the coronary circulation can be arbitrarily divided into three phases based on advances in technical methods. The early phase of research into the coronary circulation, done with great difficulty with crude methods, may be regarded as ending in the 1940s, and it included major discoveries made by such well known investigators as Georg von Anrep, Ernest Starling, Carl Wiggers, and Louis Katz, who formulated much of our basic understanding of the field. After 1940, the field of coronary physiology entered a new phase when instruments for high fidelity registration of coronary flow and pressure became available. This era was domi nated by Donald Gregg who combined careful attention to the function of these instruments (some of which he helped to develop) with an extraordinary ability to discern mechanisms from apparently minor changes in coronary flow and pressure patterns. His book 'The Coronary Circulation in Health and Disease' set a new standard in the field. After 1960, techniques for measuring regional myocardial blood flow became available, and enabled a large group of eminent investigators to make major advances in understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of myocardial blood flow.
Book Synopsis The Coronary Artery by : Stanley Kalsner
Download or read book The Coronary Artery written by Stanley Kalsner and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1982 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine by : A. John Camm
Download or read book The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine written by A. John Camm and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 3198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pharmacology of the Coronary Circulation by : Natalii︠a︡ V Kaverina
Download or read book Pharmacology of the Coronary Circulation written by Natalii︠a︡ V Kaverina and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Diseases associated with impairment of the coronary circulation are very common. Hence, the treatment of such diseases is a matter of considerable importance. It is now considered one of the main problems of clinical medicine. The basis for solving the problem is to enlarge our knowledge of the mechanisms of action of the drugs used to treat coronary insufficiency and to find new effective agents. Owing to the complexity of physiological regulation of the coronary circulation, there are many difficulties of a procedural order in studying it experimentally. This was one of the reasons why ideas on the action of many pharmacological agents were derived until recently from the results of experiments involving the isolated heart. When applied to the intact organism, these ideas proved to be inexact and, at times, wrong. Some ideas on the effects of certain drugs were based on experiments involving the intact organism, but the data proved to be inexact due to the inadequacy of the method selected by the authors to determine the mechanism of action of a given substance. Another reason for misconceptions of the effects of some drugs stemmed from insufficient knowledge and contradictory opinions expressed by various investigators on many aspects of the coronary circulation. Now, however, advances in experimental techniques have produced new facts bearing on the physiological regulation of the cardiac blood supply. This has given rise to the need to reexamine some matters concerned with the influence of pharmacological agents on the coronary circulation, relying on modern ideas concerning its physiological regulation and using adequate experimental techniques. Most drugs have complex mechanisms of action owing to the intimate relationship between the processes regulating the cardiac blood supply. Elucidation of these mechanisms requires the use of various techniques, each of which must be suited to the particular aspect under study. This approach will result in a reappraisal of the action of several pharmacological agents on the coronary circulation. Moreover, we believe that the data in this book will be helpful in making more efficient use of these agents in the treatment of various forms of coronary insufficiency."--Introduction
Book Synopsis The Venous Drainage of the Human Myocardium by : Michael Lüdinghausen
Download or read book The Venous Drainage of the Human Myocardium written by Michael Lüdinghausen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study is to present comprehensive morphological data, almost all of it is new, concerning the venous drainage of the myocardium via the coronary sinus and its related veins. This information is of great significance, not least for the sucessful coronary sinus catheterization and reperfusion of most, or single, cardiac veins.The author presents the three principal cardiac venous systems, the greater (major) cardiac venous, the smaller (minor) cardiac venous system, and the compound venous system. The work concludes with an evaluation of the many anatomical peculiarities and and hindrances with regard to the catheterization of the coronary sinus and the reperfusion of (selected) cardiac veins.
Book Synopsis Coronary Circulation in the Normal and the Pathologic Heart by : Giorgio Baroldi
Download or read book Coronary Circulation in the Normal and the Pathologic Heart written by Giorgio Baroldi and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
