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Cooperative Threat Reduction Status Of Defense Conversion Efforts In The Former Soviet Union
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Book Synopsis Cooperative Threat Reduction by : DIANE Publishing Company
Download or read book Cooperative Threat Reduction written by DIANE Publishing Company and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the DoD program to help convert defense industries in the former Soviet Union to commercial enterprises. DoD had undertaken 20 conversion projects, and the Defense Enterprise Fund (DEF) had completed agreements to undertake 4 projects. This report assesses: the effect of defense conversion efforts on the elimination or reduction of military activities and production capabilities in former Soviet weapons of mass destruction enterprises; the status of defense conversion projects and funding; and conformance of the DEFs management practices to its grant agreement and the Fund's operating expenses. Includes update to Sep. Ô97.
Book Synopsis Cooperative Threat Reduction: Status of Defense Conversion Efforts in the Former Soviet Union by :
Download or read book Cooperative Threat Reduction: Status of Defense Conversion Efforts in the Former Soviet Union written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DOD's program to convert former Soviet Union defense industries to commercial enterprises is part of the Cooperative Threat Reduction program, which DOD has supported since 1992 to reduce the weapons of mass destruction (WMD) threat. The program's priority objectives include helping to (1) destroy nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons; (2) transport and store weapons that are to be destroyed; and (3) prevent weapon proliferation. In addition to these objectives, the Cooperative Threat Reduction Act of 1993 authorized DOD to establish a program to help demilitarize former Soviet Union defense industries and convert military technologies and capabilities to commercial activities. The Soviet Union had an enormous defense industrial complex that reportedly consisted of 2,000 to 4,000 production enterprises, research and development facilities, and research institutes and employed between 9 million and 14 million people. Although the main objective of the Cooperative Threat Reduction Act focused on WMD reduction, the act did not specifically require the defense conversion program to target WMD capability. Nonetheless, DOD targeted WMD industries for conversion with the goals of stimulating foreign and domestic investment in the former Soviet Union and demonstrating that partnerships between private U.S. companies and former Soviet enterprises can succeed.
Book Synopsis Cooperative Threat Reduction by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Cooperative Threat Reduction written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cooperative Threat Reduction by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Cooperative Threat Reduction written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cooperative Threat Reduction by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Cooperative Threat Reduction written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUCTION: STATUS OF DEFENSE CONVERSION EFFORTS IN THE FORMER SOVIET UNION... 158406, B-276297... U.S. GAO... APRIL 11 by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUCTION: STATUS OF DEFENSE CONVERSION EFFORTS IN THE FORMER SOVIET UNION... 158406, B-276297... U.S. GAO... APRIL 11 written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1998* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States Government Accountability Publisher :Scholar's Choice ISBN 13 :9781298016843 Total Pages :60 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (168 download)
Book Synopsis Cooperative Threat Reduction by : United States Government Accountability
Download or read book Cooperative Threat Reduction written by United States Government Accountability and published by Scholar's Choice. This book was released on 2015-02-14 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Book Synopsis Cooperative Threat Reduction by : Stati Uniti. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Cooperative Threat Reduction written by Stati Uniti. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Programs by : Amy F. Woolf
Download or read book The Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Programs written by Amy F. Woolf and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congress established the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program (CRT) in 1991 so that the United States could assist the former Soviet Republics with the safe and secure transportation, storage and elimination of nuclear weapons. The CRT program seeks to reduce the threat these weapons pose to the United States and to reduce the proliferation risks from nuclear weapons and materials in the former Soviet Union. Congress has authorised and appropriated around USD300-USD400 million each year for CTR. have questioned whether all of the proposed and ongoing projects contribute to US national security. Some have questioned Russia's commitment, both political and financial to some of the projects. This book reviews many of the concerns that have been raised in Congress during debates over CTR. It also provides a summary of the funding for different CTR projects and presents an analysis of CTR and its structure and impact. Contents: Preface; Overview of the CTR Program; Evolving Rationale, Program Implementation, Focus of the CTR Programs, Value of U.S. Assistance under CTR, Scope of the CTR Programs, Russia's Financial Commitment to CTR Programs, Linkage between U.S. Assistance and Russian Policies. Subject Index.
Book Synopsis Global Security Engagement by : National Academy of Sciences
Download or read book Global Security Engagement written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-07-29 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The government's first Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) programs were created in 1991 to eliminate the former Soviet Union's nuclear, chemical, and other weapons and prevent their proliferation. The programs have accomplished a great deal: deactivating thousands of nuclear warheads, neutralizing chemical weapons, converting weapons facilities for peaceful use, and redirecting the work of former weapons scientists and engineers, among other efforts. Originally designed to deal with immediate post-Cold War challenges, the programs must be expanded to other regions and fundamentally redesigned as an active tool of foreign policy that can address contemporary threats from groups that are that are agile, networked, and adaptable. As requested by Congress, Global Security Engagement proposes how this goal can best be achieved. To meet the magnitude of new security challenges, particularly at the nexus of weapons of mass destruction and terrorism, Global Security Engagement recommends a new, more flexible, and responsive model that will draw on a broader range of partners than current programs have. The White House, working across the Executive Branch and with Congress, must lead this effort.
Book Synopsis Weapons of Mass Destruction by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Weapons of Mass Destruction written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Weapons of Mass Destruction by : DIANE Publishing Company
Download or read book Weapons of Mass Destruction written by DIANE Publishing Company and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1994-12 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dismantling the Cold War by : John M. Shields
Download or read book Dismantling the Cold War written by John M. Shields and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) program has since authorized more than $1.5 billion for a wide array of weapons destruction, demilitarization, nuclear security, and nonproliferation activities in the Newly Independent States (NIS) of the former Soviet Union.
Book Synopsis Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) by :
Download or read book Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the end of the Cold War dramatically reduced the danger to the United States posed by the threat of a massive nuclear exchange, instabilities and uncertainties in the new independent states (NIS) of the former Soviet Union have created new challenges and threats. The changing political, social, and economic conditions strain the ability of the NIS to provide for the safe and secure storage, transportation, and dismantlement of nuclear weapons and to eliminate these threatening systems once and for all. By assisting the NIS in these tasks, the CTR program reduces the threats from weapons of mass destruction missile by missile, warhead by warhead, factory by factory, and person by person. CTR is not foreign aid. Former Secretary of Defense William J. Perry calls it "defense by other means." Through CTR we have achieved some tremendous gains, which are noted in this booklet, toward ensuring our security by helping to eliminate weapons that could be aimed at us and by helping to prevent weapons proliferation to hostile countries.
Book Synopsis Weapons of Mass Destruction by : U S Government Accountability Office (G
Download or read book Weapons of Mass Destruction written by U S Government Accountability Office (G and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Department of Defense's (DOD) Cooperative Threat Reduction Program (CTR) to reduce threats from weapons of mass destruction in the former Soviet Union, focusing on the program's: (1) progress in implementing projects and obligating funds; (2) overall planning; (3) potential impact; and (4) use of funds for nonpriority objectives. GAO found that: (1) DOD plans to obligate 81 percent of CTR funds for 36 projects that focus primarily on three CTR priority objectives; (2) CTR obligations and spending have been slowed by the need to establish agreements with new Soviet republics and complexities caused by authorizing legislation; (3) DOD plans to allocate $400 million for CTR projects in fiscal year 1995 and to request $400 million annually for future CTR projects; (4) the CTR budget will top $3 billion dollars if all planned CTR spending is approved; (5) CTR officials have not established a long-term planning process, prepared a multiyear plan and requirement-based funding profile, or implemented an audit and examination process; (6) the program's long-term impact is unclear and appears to vary widely from project to project; (7) CTR priority objectives include nuclear warhead dismantlement, safety and security, strategic delivery vehicles, chemical weapons, and nonproliferation; and (8) DOD plans to spend $153 million on nonpriority CTR objectives and will emphasize defense conversion over nonproliferation in deciding future CTR project funding despite its uncertain prospects for success.
Book Synopsis Cooperative Threat Reduction by : Rachel D. Burke
Download or read book Cooperative Threat Reduction written by Rachel D. Burke and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States uses a number of policy tools to address the threat of attack using chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) weapons. These include a set of financial and technical programs known, variously, as cooperative threat reduction (CTR) programs, nonproliferation assistance, or, global security engagement. Congress has supported these programs over the years, but has raised a number of questions about their implementation and their future direction. Over the years, the CTR effort shifted from an emergency response to impending chaos in the Soviet Union to a broader program seeking to keep CBRN weapons away from rogue nations or terrorist groups. It has also grown from a DOD-centered effort to include projects funded by the Department of Defense (DOD), the State Department, the Department of Energy (DOE), and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). This book summarizes cooperative activities conducted during the full 20 years of U.S. threat reduction and nonproliferation assistance. It also provides basic information on the Global Security Contingency Fund (GSCF) legislation.
Book Synopsis The Biological Threat Reduction Program of the Department of Defense by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Biological Threat Reduction Program of the Department of Defense written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-10-10 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Congressionally-mandated report identifies areas for further cooperation with Russia and other states of the former Soviet Union under the Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) program of the Department of Defense in the specific area of prevention of proliferation of biological weapons. The report reviews relevant U.S. government programs, and particularly the CTR program, and identifies approaches for overcoming obstacles to cooperation and for increasing the long-term impact of the program. It recommends strong support for continuation of the CTR program.
