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Cooperative Threat Reduction
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Book Synopsis The Biological Threat Reduction Program of the Department of Defense by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Biological Threat Reduction Program of the Department of Defense written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-10-10 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Congressionally-mandated report identifies areas for further cooperation with Russia and other states of the former Soviet Union under the Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) program of the Department of Defense in the specific area of prevention of proliferation of biological weapons. The report reviews relevant U.S. government programs, and particularly the CTR program, and identifies approaches for overcoming obstacles to cooperation and for increasing the long-term impact of the program. It recommends strong support for continuation of the CTR program.
Book Synopsis Global Security Engagement by : National Academy of Sciences
Download or read book Global Security Engagement written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-08-29 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The government's first Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) programs were created in 1991 to eliminate the former Soviet Union's nuclear, chemical, and other weapons and prevent their proliferation. The programs have accomplished a great deal: deactivating thousands of nuclear warheads, neutralizing chemical weapons, converting weapons facilities for peaceful use, and redirecting the work of former weapons scientists and engineers, among other efforts. Originally designed to deal with immediate post-Cold War challenges, the programs must be expanded to other regions and fundamentally redesigned as an active tool of foreign policy that can address contemporary threats from groups that are that are agile, networked, and adaptable. As requested by Congress, Global Security Engagement proposes how this goal can best be achieved. To meet the magnitude of new security challenges, particularly at the nexus of weapons of mass destruction and terrorism, Global Security Engagement recommends a new, more flexible, and responsive model that will draw on a broader range of partners than current programs have. The White House, working across the Executive Branch and with Congress, must lead this effort.
Book Synopsis Improving Metrics for the Department of Defense Cooperative Threat Reduction Program by : National Academy of Sciences
Download or read book Improving Metrics for the Department of Defense Cooperative Threat Reduction Program written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-02-20 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) Program was created in 1991 as a set of support activities assisting the Former Soviet Union states in securing and eliminating strategic nuclear weapons and the materials used to create them. The Program evolved as needs and opportunities changed: Efforts to address biological and chemical threats were added, as was a program aimed at preventing cross-border smuggling of weapons of mass destruction. CTR has traveled through uncharted territory since its inception, and both the United States and its partners have taken bold steps resulting in progress unimagined in initial years. Over the years, much of the debate about CTR on Capitol Hill has concerned the effective use of funds, when the partners would take full responsibility for the efforts, and how progress, impact, and effectiveness should be measured. Directed by Congress, the Secretary of Defense completed a report describing DoD's metrics for the CTR Program (here called the DoD Metrics Report) in September 2010 and, as required in the same law, contracted with the National Academy of Sciences to review the metrics DoD developed and identify possible additional or alternative metrics, if necessary. Improving Metrics for the DoD Cooperative Threat Reduction Program provides that review and advice. Improving Metrics for the DoD Cooperative Threat Reduction Program identifies shortcomings in the DoD Metrics Report and provides recommendations to enhance DoD's development and use of metrics for the CTR Program. The committee wrote this report with two main audiences in mind: Those who are mostly concerned with the overall assessment and advice, and those readers directly involved in the CTR Program, who need the details of the DoD report assessment and of how to implement the approach that the committee recommends.
Book Synopsis The Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Programs by : Amy F. Woolf
Download or read book The Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Programs written by Amy F. Woolf and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congress established the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program (CRT) in 1991 so that the United States could assist the former Soviet Republics with the safe and secure transportation, storage and elimination of nuclear weapons. The CRT program seeks to reduce the threat these weapons pose to the United States and to reduce the proliferation risks from nuclear weapons and materials in the former Soviet Union. Congress has authorised and appropriated around USD300-USD400 million each year for CTR. have questioned whether all of the proposed and ongoing projects contribute to US national security. Some have questioned Russia's commitment, both political and financial to some of the projects. This book reviews many of the concerns that have been raised in Congress during debates over CTR. It also provides a summary of the funding for different CTR projects and presents an analysis of CTR and its structure and impact. Contents: Preface; Overview of the CTR Program; Evolving Rationale, Program Implementation, Focus of the CTR Programs, Value of U.S. Assistance under CTR, Scope of the CTR Programs, Russia's Financial Commitment to CTR Programs, Linkage between U.S. Assistance and Russian Policies. Subject Index.
Book Synopsis Dismantling the Cold War by : John M. Shields
Download or read book Dismantling the Cold War written by John M. Shields and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) program has since authorized more than $1.5 billion for a wide array of weapons destruction, demilitarization, nuclear security, and nonproliferation activities in the Newly Independent States (NIS) of the former Soviet Union.
Book Synopsis Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR). by :
Download or read book Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR). written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the end of the Cold War dramatically reduced the danger to the United States posed by the threat of a massive nuclear exchange, instabilities and uncertainties in the new independent states (NIS) of the former Soviet Union have created new challenges and threats. The changing political, social, and economic conditions strain the ability of the NIS to provide for the safe and secure storage, transportation, and dismantlement of nuclear weapons and to eliminate these threatening systems once and for all. By assisting the NIS in these tasks, the CTR program reduces the threats from weapons of mass destruction missile by missile, warhead by warhead, factory by factory, and person by person. CTR is not foreign aid. Former Secretary of Defense William J. Perry calls it "defense by other means." Through CTR we have achieved some tremendous gains, which are noted in this booklet, toward ensuring our security by helping to eliminate weapons that could be aimed at us and by helping to prevent weapons proliferation to hostile countries.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309671825 Total Pages :203 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (96 download)
Book Synopsis A Strategic Vision for Biological Threat Reduction by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book A Strategic Vision for Biological Threat Reduction written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-14 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was asked to articulate a 5-year strategic vision for international health security programs and provide findings and recommendations on how to optimize the impact of the Department of Defense (DOD) Biological Threat Reduction Program (BTRP) in fulfilling its biosafety and biosecurity mission. Because BTRP is just one of several U.S. government programs conducting international health security engagement, both the strategic vision and the success of the program rely on coordinating actions with the U.S. government as a whole and with its international partners. This report provides several recommendations for optimizing BTRP success in its current mission and the wider-looking strategic vision it proposes.
Book Synopsis Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) by :
Download or read book Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the end of the Cold War dramatically reduced the danger to the United States posed by the threat of a massive nuclear exchange, instabilities and uncertainties in the new independent states (NIS) of the former Soviet Union have created new challenges and threats. The changing political, social, and economic conditions strain the ability of the NIS to provide for the safe and secure storage, transportation, and dismantlement of nuclear weapons and to eliminate these threatening systems once and for all. By assisting the NIS in these tasks, the CTR program reduces the threats from weapons of mass destruction missile by missile, warhead by warhead, factory by factory, and person by person. CTR is not foreign aid. Former Secretary of Defense William J. Perry calls it "defense by other means." Through CTR we have achieved some tremendous gains, which are noted in this booklet, toward ensuring our security by helping to eliminate weapons that could be aimed at us and by helping to prevent weapons proliferation to hostile countries.
Book Synopsis Cooperative Threat Reduction by : Rachel D. Burke
Download or read book Cooperative Threat Reduction written by Rachel D. Burke and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States uses a number of policy tools to address the threat of attack using chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) weapons. These include a set of financial and technical programs known, variously, as cooperative threat reduction (CTR) programs, nonproliferation assistance, or, global security engagement. Congress has supported these programs over the years, but has raised a number of questions about their implementation and their future direction. Over the years, the CTR effort shifted from an emergency response to impending chaos in the Soviet Union to a broader program seeking to keep CBRN weapons away from rogue nations or terrorist groups. It has also grown from a DOD-centered effort to include projects funded by the Department of Defense (DOD), the State Department, the Department of Energy (DOE), and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). This book summarizes cooperative activities conducted during the full 20 years of U.S. threat reduction and nonproliferation assistance. It also provides basic information on the Global Security Contingency Fund (GSCF) legislation.
Book Synopsis Cooperative Threat Reduction by : DIANE Publishing Company
Download or read book Cooperative Threat Reduction written by DIANE Publishing Company and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the DoD program to help convert defense industries in the former Soviet Union to commercial enterprises. DoD had undertaken 20 conversion projects, and the Defense Enterprise Fund (DEF) had completed agreements to undertake 4 projects. This report assesses: the effect of defense conversion efforts on the elimination or reduction of military activities and production capabilities in former Soviet weapons of mass destruction enterprises; the status of defense conversion projects and funding; and conformance of the DEFs management practices to its grant agreement and the Fund's operating expenses. Includes update to Sep. Ô97.
Book Synopsis Cooperative threat reduction DOD has improved its management and internal controls, but challenges remain : report to congressional committees. by :
Download or read book Cooperative threat reduction DOD has improved its management and internal controls, but challenges remain : report to congressional committees. written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reducing Threats at the Source by : Ian Anthony
Download or read book Reducing Threats at the Source written by Ian Anthony and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cooperative Threat Reduction, Missile Defense and the Nuclear Future by : M. Krepon
Download or read book Cooperative Threat Reduction, Missile Defense and the Nuclear Future written by M. Krepon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-01-17 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Michael Krepon analyzes nuclear issues such as missile defenses, space warfare, and treaties, and argues that the United States is on a dangerous course. During the Cold War, Mutual Assured Destruction, or MAD, facilitated strategic arms control. Now that the Cold War has been replaced by asymmetric warfare, treaties based on nuclear overkill and national vulnerability are outdated and must be adapted to a far different world. A new strategic concept of Cooperative Threat Reduction is needed to replace MAD. A balance is needed that combines military might with strengthened treaty regimes.
Book Synopsis Nonproliferation and Threat Reduction Assistance by : Amy F. Woolf
Download or read book Nonproliferation and Threat Reduction Assistance written by Amy F. Woolf and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-06 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congress passed the Nunn-Lugar amendment, authorizing U.S. threat reduction assistance to the former Soviet Union, in Nov. 1991, after a failed coup in Moscow and the disintegration of the Soviet Union raised concerns about the safety and security of Soviet nuclear weapons. The annual program has grown from $400 million to over $1 billion/year across 3 agencies. It has also evolved from an emergency response to impending chaos in the Soviet Union, to a more comprehensive threat reduction and non-proliferation effort, to a broader program seeking to keep nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons from leaking into the hands of rogue nations or terrorists. This report discusses issues related to U.S. non-proliferation and threat reduction assistance. Illus.
Book Synopsis Globalizing Cooperative Threat Reduction by : Sharon A. Squassoni
Download or read book Globalizing Cooperative Threat Reduction written by Sharon A. Squassoni and published by Nova Novinka. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-proliferation assistance programs, including co-operative threat reduction, are being examined to help reduce the risk of terrorist access to weapons of mass destruction (WMD). In the FY2004 National Defense Authorisation Act, Congress authorised the Administration to spend $50 million of unobligated funds from the Co-operative Threat Reduction (CTR) Program in states outside the former Soviet Union. This book analyses the range of possibilities for applying CTR funds, what kinds of assistance may be supplied, and describes legal, financial, technical, and political constraints on possible assistance. A key underlying issue is whether countries that pose particular risks are prepared to provide adequate co-operation to achieve CTR objectives. As many observers have noted, CTR programs cannot be precisely replicated in other countries. A common factor must be the willingness of such states to co-operate. One school of thought believes Russia, as the largest source of stocks of biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons, should continue to be the main focus of attention. Other observers believe there is now an opportunity to focus additionally on states within the nexus of terrorism and WMD.
Book Synopsis Cooperative threat reduction DOD's 199798 reports on accounting for assistance were late and incomplete : report to congressional committees by :
Download or read book Cooperative threat reduction DOD's 199798 reports on accounting for assistance were late and incomplete : report to congressional committees written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Weapons of Mass Destruction by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Weapons of Mass Destruction written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
