Convergence Of Transnational Criminal Organizations And Terrorist Groups And Their Impact On Us National Security

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Convergence of Transnational Criminal Organizations and Terrorist Groups, and Their Impact on U.S. National Security

Author : Kristin Michele Horitski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (931 download)

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Book Synopsis Convergence of Transnational Criminal Organizations and Terrorist Groups, and Their Impact on U.S. National Security by : Kristin Michele Horitski

Download or read book Convergence of Transnational Criminal Organizations and Terrorist Groups, and Their Impact on U.S. National Security written by Kristin Michele Horitski and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) and terrorist groups (TGs) have formed dynamic relationships, cooperating in terms of financing, material and operational support, and trafficking. The relationship between these organizations developed as they took advantage of new technologies and an increasingly globalized world. This thesis examines the convergence between TCOs and TGs and the threat they pose to the security of the United States. The first part of this thesis takes a brief look at the history and definitions of TCOs and TGs, explores the factors that influence their convergence, and the degree to which their activities and goals overlap. The second part analyzes three case studies: Los Zetas and Hezbollah, the Kurdistan Workers' Party, and Abu Sayyaf. These case studies demonstrate three levels of convergence between TCOs and TGs, and pose scenarios through which the interactions of these groups can be viewed as models that could threaten U.S. security interests. The final part of this thesis offers approaches the U.S. could pursue to have a comprehensive, global strategy to diminish the threat and impact of the convergence of TCOs and TGs, and recommends this strategy include financial, law enforcement, diplomatic and intelligence components.

Convergence

Author : Defense Department
Publisher : Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 : 9780160919237
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Convergence by : Defense Department

Download or read book Convergence written by Defense Department and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2013 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Center for Complex Operations (CCO) has produced this edited volume, Convergence: Illicit Networks and National Security in the Age of Globalization, that delves deeply into everything mentioned above and more. In a time when the threat is growing, this is a timely effort. CCO has gathered an impressive cadre of authors to illuminate the important aspects of transnational crime and other illicit networks. They describe the clear and present danger and the magnitude of the challenge of converging and connecting illicit networks; the ways and means used by transnational criminal networks and how illicit networks actually operate and interact; how the proliferation, convergence, and horizontal diversification of illicit networks challenge state sovereignty; and how different national and international organizations are fighting back. A deeper understanding of the problem will allow us to then develop a more comprehensive, more effective, and more enduring solution. Other related products: YouTube War: Fighting in a World of Cameras in Every Cell Phone and Photoshop on Every Computer can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01071-4 Distinguishing Acts of War in Cyberspace: Assessment Criteria, Policy Considerations, and Response Implications can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01128-1 Confidence Building in Cyberspace: A Comparison of Territorial and Weapons-Based Regimes can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01139-7 Army Support of Military Cyberspace Operations: Joint Contexts and Global Escalation Implications can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01094-3 Legality in Cyberspace: An Adversary View can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01108-7 Cyberterrorism After Stuxnet can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01117-6 Fundamentals of War Gaming --Print Paperback format can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-046-00299-1 -- Print Hardcover format can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-046-00269-0 Policy Analysis in National Security Affairs: New Methods for a New Era can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-020-01561-0 Economic Security: Neglected Dimension of National Security --print paperback format can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-020-01617-9 --ePub format can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/999-000-44440-9 Other products produced by the U.S. Army, National Defense University can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/1078 Other products produced by the U.S. Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/1609

Threat Posed by the Convergence of Organized Crime, Drug Trafficking, and Terrorism

Author : Bill McCollum
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0756720826
Total Pages : 71 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (567 download)

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Book Synopsis Threat Posed by the Convergence of Organized Crime, Drug Trafficking, and Terrorism by : Bill McCollum

Download or read book Threat Posed by the Convergence of Organized Crime, Drug Trafficking, and Terrorism written by Bill McCollum and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002-04 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Witnesses: Frank Cilluffo, senior policy analyst and deputy dir., Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS); Donnie R. Marshall, Administrator, Drug Enforcement Admin. (DEA); Steven C. McCraw, Inspector-Deputy Assistant Dir., Information, Analysis, and Assessments Branch, Investigative Div., FBI; Ralf Mutschke, assist. dir., Sub-Directorate for Crimes Against Persons and Property, INTERPOL General Secretariat, Lyon, France; Raphael Perl, Specialist in International Affairs, Congressional Research (CRS), The Library of Congress; and Michael A. Sheehan, Ambassador-at-Large and Coordinator for Counterterrorism, U.S. Dept. of State.

The Future Evolution of Transnational Criminal Organizations and the Threat to U.S. National Security

Author : Celina B. Realuyo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Future Evolution of Transnational Criminal Organizations and the Threat to U.S. National Security by : Celina B. Realuyo

Download or read book The Future Evolution of Transnational Criminal Organizations and the Threat to U.S. National Security written by Celina B. Realuyo and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Besides terror groups, transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) are among the non-state actors that leverage their illicit activities, immense resources, and use of violence to undermine the security and prosperity of the United States and partner nations. The United States recognizes TCOs as a national security threat and has deployed a national security strategy to combat it. In order to attack these networks, the United States must understand and deny access to critical enablers needed by TCOs to operate. The future trajectory of transnational criminal organizations is disconcerting, as they will seek to penetrate new markets with goods and services and establish more spheres of influence using corruption and violence. The cyber domain will afford them a new operating environment to further expand their criminal activities. Some TCOs will continue to resemble multinational corporations focused on maximizing profits, while others will continue to hijack political power in the form of criminalized states. Another dangerous and disturbing evolution that we are already witnessing is the convergence of terrorism and crime where groups use criminal proceeds to fund terrorist activities. To combat the evolution of these threats, the Joint Force will need to develop more innovative kinetic and non-kinetic measures and build its own networks to neutralize transnational criminal networks"--Page 2.

Threat Posed by the Convergence of Organized Crime, Drug Trafficking, and Terrorism

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Threat Posed by the Convergence of Organized Crime, Drug Trafficking, and Terrorism by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime

Download or read book Threat Posed by the Convergence of Organized Crime, Drug Trafficking, and Terrorism written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Transnational Organized Crime, Terrorism, and Criminalized States in Latin America

Author : Douglas Farah
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Transnational Organized Crime, Terrorism, and Criminalized States in Latin America by : Douglas Farah

Download or read book Transnational Organized Crime, Terrorism, and Criminalized States in Latin America written by Douglas Farah and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of new hybrid (state and nonstate) transnational criminal/terrorist franchises in Latin America operating under broad state protection now pose a tier-one security threat for the United States. Similar hybrid franchise models are developing in other parts of the world, making understanding the new dynamics an important factor in a broader national security context. This threat goes well beyond the traditional nonstate theory of constraints activity such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking into the potential for trafficking related to weapons of mass destruction by designated terrorist organizations and their sponsors. These activities are carried out with the support of regional and extra regional states actors whose leadership is deeply enmeshed in criminal activity, which yields billions of dollars in illicit revenues every year. These same leaders have a publicly articulated, common doctrine of asymmetrical warfare against the United States and its allies that explicitly endorses as legitimate the use of weapons of mass destruction. The central binding element in this alliance is a hatred for the West, particularly the United States, and deep anti-Semitism, based on a shared view that the 1979 Iranian Revolution was a transformative historical event. For Islamists, it is evidence of divine favor; and for Bolivarians, a model of a successful asymmetrical strategy to defeat the "Empire." The primary architect of this theology/ideology that merges radical Islam and radical, anti-Western populism and revolutionary zeal is the convicted terrorist Ilich Sánchez Ramirez, better known as "Carlos the Jackal," whom Chávez has called a true visionary.

Convergence

Author : Michael Miklaucic
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781461937029
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Convergence by : Michael Miklaucic

Download or read book Convergence written by Michael Miklaucic and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime

Author : Executive Office of the United States
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781481166362
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (663 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime by : Executive Office of the United States

Download or read book Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime written by Executive Office of the United States and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2012-12-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime applies all elements of national power to protect citizens and U.S. national security interests from the convergence of 21st century transnational criminal threats. This Strategy is organized around a single unifying principle: to build, balance, and integrate the tools of American power to combat transnational organized crime and related threats to national security-and to urge our foreign partners to do the same. The end-state we seek is to reduce transnational organized crime (TOC) from a national security threat to a manageable public safety problem in the United States and in strategic regions around the world. The Strategy will achieve this end-state by pursuing five key policy objectives: 1. Protect Americans and our partners from the harm, violence, and exploitation of transnational criminal networks. 2. Help partner countries strengthen governance and transparency, break the corruptive power of transnational criminal networks, and sever state-crime alliances. 3. Break the economic power of transnational criminal networks and protect strategic markets and the U.S. financial system from TOC penetration and abuse. 4. Defeat transnational criminal networks that pose the greatest threat to national security by targeting their infrastructures, depriving them of their enabling means, and preventing the criminal facilitation of terrorist activities. 5. Build international consensus, multilateral cooperation, and public-private partnerships to defeat transnational organized crime. The Strategy also introduces new and innovative capabilities and tools, which will be accomplished by prioritizing within the resources available to affected departments and agencies. A new Executive Order will establish a sanctions program to block the property of and prohibit transactions with significant transnational criminal networks that threaten national security, foreign policy, or economic interests. A proposed legislative package will enhance the authorities available to investigate, interdict, and prosecute the activities of top transnational criminal networks. A new Presidential Proclamation under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) will deny entry to transnational criminal aliens and others who have been targeted for financial sanctions. A new rewards program will replicate the success of narcotics rewards programs in obtaining information that leads to the arrest and conviction of the leaders of transnational criminal organizations that pose the greatest threats to national security. An interagency Threat Mitigation Working Group will identify those TOC networks that present a sufficiently high national security risk and will ensure the coordination of all elements of national power to combat them.

The Terrorist-Criminal Nexus

Author : Jennifer L. Hesterman
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1040083900
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis The Terrorist-Criminal Nexus by : Jennifer L. Hesterman

Convergence

Author : U. S. Military
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781520762876
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (628 download)

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Book Synopsis Convergence by : U. S. Military

Download or read book Convergence written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-05 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of all aspects of illicit networks and national security in the modern "globalized" world. From human trafficking in Eastern Europe to drug smuggling in East Asia, to the illicit arms trade in Africa, to terrorist cells in East Asia and insurgents in the Caucasus, transnational illicit networks have tentacles that reach everywhere. The trade in illegal narcotics is perhaps most worrisome, but of growing concern is the illicit trafficking of counterfeit items, weapons, natural resources, money, cultural property, and even people by shrewd, well-resourced, and nefarious adversaries. These networks have taken advantage of modern advances in communications and transportation to globalize. Narcotraffickers in the Andean Ridge, for instance, have expanded operations as far as their markets in the United States and Europe. Illegal arms merchants have expanded their operations around the world. Human smugglers have moved their slaves from underdeveloped countries to sex operations throughout the developed world. And, of course, we have all seen the global reach of modern transnational terrorism. No one is immune from this insidious threat. It will take a combination of initiatives to defeat the threats created by illicit criminal networks. These transnational organizations are a large part of the hybrid threat that forms the nexus of illicit drug trafficking-including routes, profits, and corruptive influences-and terrorism, both home grown as well as imported Islamic terrorism. With the latest wave of globalization allowing for even more movement of people, goods, and information, these actors have spread their tentacles wider and deeper, breaking new ground. At the same time, they have demonstrated an ability to adapt, diversify, and converge. This has allowed them to obtain vast resources and to continuously reorganize themselves to stay ahead of efforts to combat them. They have achieved a degree of globalized outreach and collaboration via networks, as well as horizontal diversification. Contents: Convergence: Illicit Networks and National Security in the Age of Globalization * Part I - A Clear and Present Danger * Chapter 1 - Deviant Globalization * Chapter 2 - Lawlessness and Disorder: An Emerging Paradigm for the 21st Century * Chapter 3 - Can We Estimate the Global Scale and Impact of Illicit Trade? * Part II - Complex Illicit Operations * Chapter 4 - The Illicit Supply Chain * Chapter 5 - Fixers, Super Fixers, and Shadow Facilitators: How Networks Connect * Chapter 6 - The Geography of Badness: Mapping the Hubs of the Illicit Global Economy * Chapter 7 - Threat Finance: A Critical Enabler for Illicit Networks * Chapter 8 - Money Laundering into Real Estate * Part III - The Attack on Sovereignty * Chapter 9 - The Criminal State * Chapter 10 - How Illicit Networks Impact Sovereignty * Chapter 11 - Counterinsurgency, Counternarcotics, and Illicit Economies in Afghanistan: Lessons for State-Building * Part IV - Fighting Back * Chapter 12 - Fighting Networks with Networks * Chapter 13 - The Department of Defense's Role in Combating Transnational Organized Crime * Chapter 14 - Collaborating to Combat Illicit Networks Through Interagency and International Efforts

International Terrorism and Transnational Crime

Author : John Rollins
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437927564
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis International Terrorism and Transnational Crime by : John Rollins

Download or read book International Terrorism and Transnational Crime written by John Rollins and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) Intro.; (2) Crime-Terrorism Partnerships and Transformations; (3) The Crime-Terrorism Toolbox; (4) Interaction of Terrorism and Crime: Dawood Ibrahim¿s D-Co.; Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia; 2004 Madrid Bombers; The Taliban; Abu Ghadiyah, Monzer Al Kassar and Viktor Bout; Hezbollah; Al Qaeda; 2005 London Bombings; Al-Shabaab; Mexico¿s La Familia, Colombia¿s Medellin, Italy¿s Mafia, and Brazil¿s Prison Gangs; (5) Selected U.S. Gov¿t. Actions Addressing the Confluence of International Terrorism and Transnat. Organized Crime; State Dept.; Treasury Dept.; Fin¿l. Crimes Enforce. Network; DoD; DoJ: IOC-2; DEA; FBI; DHS; Intell. Comm¿y.; (6) Counterterrorism: What Role for Anti-Crime?

Deviant Globalization

Author : Nils Gilman
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1441178104
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis Deviant Globalization by : Nils Gilman

Download or read book Deviant Globalization written by Nils Gilman and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2011-03-24 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: >

Convergence

Author : National Defense University Press
Publisher : Military Bookshop
ISBN 13 : 9781782663720
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (637 download)

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Book Synopsis Convergence by : National Defense University Press

Download or read book Convergence written by National Defense University Press and published by Military Bookshop. This book was released on 2013-04 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Center for Complex Operations (CCO) has produced this edited volume, Convergence: Illicit Networks and National Security in the Age of Globalization, that delves deeply into everything mentioned above and more. In a time when the threat is growing, this is a timely effort. CCO has gathered an impressive cadre of authors to illuminate the important aspects of transnational crime and other illicit networks. They describe the clear and present danger and the magnitude of the challenge of converging and connecting illicit networks; the ways and means used by transnational criminal networks and how illicit networks actually operate and interact; how the proliferation, convergence, and horizontal diversification of illicit networks challenge state sovereignty; and how different national and international organizations are fighting back. A deeper understanding of the problem will allow us to then develop a more comprehensive, more effective, and more enduring solution.

Transnational Threats

Author : Carolyn Wilson Pumphrey
Publisher : Strategic Studies Institute U. S. Army War College
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Transnational Threats by : Carolyn Wilson Pumphrey

Download or read book Transnational Threats written by Carolyn Wilson Pumphrey and published by Strategic Studies Institute U. S. Army War College. This book was released on 2000 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On February 2-3, 2000, the U.S. Army War College, the Triangle Institute for Security Studies, and the Duke University Center for Law, Ethics, and National Security co-sponsored a conference in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The conference examined transnational threats, including terrorism involving weapons of mass destruction, cyber threats to the national infrastructure, and international organized crime. The goal was to evaluate the seriousness of such threats and discuss strategies for dealing with them. In particular, the conference sought to address the question of how military and law enforcement could blend their strategies to better counter transnational threats. A secondary purpose was to clarify the role of the military in meeting challenges that transcend national borders and threaten our national interests. This book highlights some of the main issues and themes that ran through the conference. After looking at the various threats and undertaking a risk assessment, the report considers the unique aspects of transnational threats, and then identifies the key challenges facing the United States, paying particular attention to the role of the military. The book concludes with discussions of some of the steps that should be taken to secure ourselves against transnational threats.

The Terrorist-Criminal Nexus

Author : Jennifer L. Hesterman
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482209969
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis The Terrorist-Criminal Nexus by : Jennifer L. Hesterman

Download or read book The Terrorist-Criminal Nexus written by Jennifer L. Hesterman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Postmodern global terrorist groups engage sovereign nations asymmetrically with prolonged, sustained campaigns driven by ideology. Increasingly, transnational criminal organizations operate with sophistication previously only found in multinational corporations. Unfortunately, both of these entities can now effectively hide and morph, keeping law enforcement and intelligence agencies in the dark and on the run. Perhaps more disturbing is the fact that al Qaeda, Hezbollah, FARC, drug cartels, and increasingly violent gangs—as well as domestic groups such as the Sovereign Citizens—are now joining forces. Despite differing ideologies, they are threatening us in new and provocative ways. The Terrorist-Criminal Nexus: An Alliance of International Drug Cartels, Organized Crime, and Terror Groups frames this complex issue using current research and real-world examples of how these entities are sharing knowledge, training, tactics, and—in increasing frequency—joining forces. Providing policy makers, security strategists, law enforcement and intelligence agents, and students with new evidence of this growing threat, this volume: Examines current and future threats from international and domestic criminal and terror groups Identifies specific instances in which these groups are working together or in parallel to achieve their goals Discusses the "lifeblood" of modern organizations—the money trail Describes how nefarious groups leverage both traditional funding methods and e-commerce to raise, store, move, and launder money Explores the social networking phenomenon and reveals how it is the perfect clandestine platform for spying, communicating, recruiting, and spreading propaganda Investigates emergent tactics such as the use of human shields, and the targeting of first responders, schools, hospitals, and churches This text reveals the often disregarded, misunderstood, or downplayed nexus threat to the United States. Proving definitively that such liaisons exist despite differing ideologies, the book provides a thought-provoking new look at the complexity and phenomena of the terrorist-criminal nexus. This book was excerpted in the February/March 2013 issue of The Counter Terrorist.

Convergence

Author : Institute for National Strategic Studies
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (178 download)

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Book Synopsis Convergence by : Institute for National Strategic Studies

Download or read book Convergence written by Institute for National Strategic Studies and published by . This book was released on 2013-04 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Center for Complex Operations (CCO) has produced this edited volume, Convergence: Illicit Networks and National Security in the Age of Globalization, that delves deeply into everything mentioned above and more. In a time when the threat is growing, this is a timely effort. CCO has gathered an impressive cadre of authors to illuminate the important aspects of transnational crime and other illicit networks. They describe the clear and present danger and the magnitude of the challenge of converging and connecting illicit networks; the ways and means used by transnational criminal networks and how illicit networks actually operate and interact; how the proliferation, convergence, and horizontal diversification of illicit networks challenge state sovereignty; and how different national and international organizations are fighting back. A deeper understanding of the problem will allow us to then develop a more comprehensive, more effective, and more enduring solution.

The Terrorist-Criminal Nexus

Author : Jennifer L. Hesterman
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466557613
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

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Book Synopsis The Terrorist-Criminal Nexus by : Jennifer L. Hesterman

Download or read book The Terrorist-Criminal Nexus written by Jennifer L. Hesterman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Postmodern global terrorist groups engage sovereign nations asymmetrically with prolonged, sustained campaigns driven by ideology. Increasingly, transnational criminal organizations operate with sophistication previously only found in multinational corporations. Unfortunately, both of these entities can now effectively hide and morph, keeping law enforcement and intelligence agencies in the dark and on the run. Perhaps more disturbing is the fact that al Qaeda, Hezbollah, FARC, drug cartels, and increasingly violent gangs—as well as domestic groups such as the Sovereign Citizens—are now joining forces. Despite differing ideologies, they are threatening us in new and provocative ways. The Terrorist-Criminal Nexus: An Alliance of International Drug Cartels, Organized Crime, and Terror Groups frames this complex issue using current research and real-world examples of how these entities are sharing knowledge, training, tactics, and—in increasing frequency—joining forces. Providing policy makers, security strategists, law enforcement and intelligence agents, and students with new evidence of this growing threat, this volume: Examines current and future threats from international and domestic criminal and terror groups Identifies specific instances in which these groups are working together or in parallel to achieve their goals Discusses the "lifeblood" of modern organizations—the money trail Describes how nefarious groups leverage both traditional funding methods and e-commerce to raise, store, move, and launder money Explores the social networking phenomenon and reveals how it is the perfect clandestine platform for spying, communicating, recruiting, and spreading propaganda Investigates emergent tactics such as the use of human shields, and the targeting of first responders, schools, hospitals, and churches This text reveals the often disregarded, misunderstood, or downplayed nexus threat to the United States. Proving definitively that such liaisons exist despite differing ideologies, the book provides a thought-provoking new look at the complexity and phenomena of the terrorist-criminal nexus. This book was excerpted in the February/March 2013 issue of The Counter Terrorist.