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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Control Oriented Model and Dynamometer Testing for a Single-cylinder, Heated-air HCCI Engine written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Varun Tandra
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (841 download)
Download or read book Modeling and Control of Single Cylinder HCCI Engine written by Varun Tandra and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With growing environmental concern, energy consumption has become a key element in the current debate on global warming. Over the past two decades, Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine technology has aroused a great deal of interest in the automotive sector owing to its fuel flexibility and ability to generate ultra-low exhaust emissions. One of the strategies to achieve ultra-low emissions in HCCI engines is to retain some exhaust gas/burnt products in the cylinder by dynamically actuating/varying valve opening and closing timings and lifts. This can be achieved by recent advancements in microprocessor, actuators and controller technologies. The first step in the synthesis of control algorithms involves developing simple system-level mathematical models. This thesis presents two such mathematical models of HCCI combustion. In the first part of this thesis, a control-oriented two-zone thermo-kinetic model of a single cylinder HCCI engine is presented. Earlier control laws were derived using single zone mathematical models of HCCI combustion; however, such models fail to accurately capture the combustion dynamics of an HCCI engine owing to the assumption of homogeneous composition and temperature in the cylinder. Certain multi-zone models of HCCI engines emphasizing the shortcomings of these single zone models have also been reported in literature. However, such models are far too complex and unwieldy for the development of fast and efficient controllers for HCCI engines. The present work outlines the modeling approach of a physics based two-zone model of a single-cylinder HCCI engine by incorporating the first law of thermodynamics and the temperature and concentration inhomogeneities within the cylinder in order to better predict emissions, peak pressures, and timing. A comparative analysis between the single zone and two-zone models is also discussed. The nonlinear model was linearized about an operating point to facilitate the development of an effective LQR regulator. The model inputs include variable valve timing to effectively control peak pressures, exhaust temperatures and ignition timing. In the second part of the thesis we address the shortcomings of control analysis which to date has been done by developing models that are engine specific, such models often rely on extensive parameters which are to be experimentally identified. Moreover, further investigation revealed that these models were valid only for a narrow operating range. Therefore, a detailed mathematical model of an HCCI engine, which is fuel flexible and valid for transitions in engine speed, is developed based on ideal gas laws and basic thermodynamics and conservation principles. The different engine subsystems and engine phenomena discretized into eight stages are modeled in a "control-oriented sense" to address the combustion timing, peak pressure and heat release rate control issues. The model has been implemented in MATLAB® to facilitate simulation studies and requires minimum tuning parameters to be experimentally recognized. Model validation is based on three sets of engine data, obtained from literature. The validation suggests that the model, once tuned properly, shows a fair agreement between the simulation and experimental data for a given engine and operating conditions.
Author : Hsien-Hsin Liao
Publisher : Stanford University
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Control and Robustness Analysis of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Using Exhaust Recompression written by Hsien-Hsin Liao and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been an enormous global research effort to alleviate the current and projected environmental consequences incurred by internal combustion (IC) engines, the dominant propulsion systems in ground vehicles. Two technologies have the potential to improve the efficiency and emissions of IC engines in the near future: variable valve actuation (VVA) and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI). IC engines equipped with VVA systems are proven to show better performance by adjusting the valve lift and timing appropriately. An electro-hydraulic valve system (EHVS) is a type of VVA system that possesses full flexibility, i.e., the ability to change the valve lift and timing independently and continuously, making it an ideal rapid prototyping tool in a research environment. Unfortunately, an EHVS typically shows a significant response time delay that limits the achievable closed-loop bandwidth and, as a result, shows poor tracking performance. In this thesis, a control framework that includes system identification, feedback control design, and repetitive control design is presented. The combined control law shows excellent performance with a root-mean-square tracking error below 40 [Mu]m over a maximum valve lift of 4 mm. A stability analysis is also provided to show that the mean tracking error converges to zero asymptotically with the combined control law. HCCI, the other technology presented in this thesis, is a combustion strategy initiated by compressing a homogeneous air-fuel mixture to auto-ignition, therefore, ignition occurs at multiple points inside the cylinder without noticeable flame propagation. The result is rapid combustion with low peak in-cylinder temperature, which gives HCCI improved efficiency and reduces NOx formation. To initiate HCCI with a typical compression ratio, the sensible energy of the mixture needs to be high compared to a spark ignited (SI) strategy. One approach to achieve this, called recompression HCCI, is by closing the exhaust valve early to trap a portion of the exhaust gas in the cylinder. Unlike a SI or Diesel strategy, HCCI lacks an explicit combustion trigger, as autoignition is governed by chemical kinetics. Therefore, the thermo-chemical conditions of the air-fuel mixture need to be carefully controlled for HCCI to occur at the desired timing. Compounding this challenge in recompression HCCI is the re-utilization of the exhaust gas which creates cycle-to-cycle coupling. Furthermore, the coupling characteristics can change drastically around different operating points, making combustion timing control difficult across a wide range of conditions. In this thesis, a graphical analysis examines the in-cylinder temperature dynamics of recompression HCCI and reveals three qualitative types of temperature dynamics. With this insight, a switching linear model is formulated by combining three linear models: one for each of the three types of temperature dynamics. A switching controller that is composed of three local linear feedback controllers can then be designed based on the switching model. This switching model/control formulation is tested on an experimental HCCI testbed and shows good performance in controlling the combustion timing across a wide range. A semi-definite program is formulated to find a Lyapunov function for the switching model/control framework and shows that it is stable. As HCCI is dictated by the in-cylinder thermo-chemical conditions, there are further concerns about the robustness of HCCI, i.e., the boundedness of the thermo-chemical conditions with uncertainty existing in the ambient conditions and in the engine's own characteristics due to aging. To assess HCCI's robustness, this thesis presents a linear parameter varying (LPV) model that captures the dynamics of recompression HCCI and possesses an elegant model structure that is more amenable to analysis. Based on this model, a recursive algorithm using convex optimization is formulated to generate analytical statements about the boundedness of the in-cylinder thermo-chemical conditions. The bounds generated by the algorithm are also shown to relate well to the data from the experimental testbed.
Author : Brian D. Krosschell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book A New Transient Dynamometer Test System for Cold Start Testing and Controls Development written by Brian D. Krosschell and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Joshua Bradley Bettis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (722 download)
Download or read book Thermodynamic Based Modeling for Nonlinear Control of Combustion Phasing in HCCI Engines written by Joshua Bradley Bettis and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Low temperature combustion modes, such as Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI), represent a promising means to increase the efficiency and significantly reduce the emissions of internal combustion engines. Implementation and control are difficult, however, due to the lack of an external combustion trigger. This thesis outlines a nonlinear control-oriented model of a single cylinder HCCI engine, which is physically based on a five state thermodynamic cycle. This model is aimed at capturing the behavior of an engine which utilizes fully vaporized gasoline-type fuels, exhaust gas recirculation and intake air heating in order to achieve HCCI operation. The onset of combustion, which is vital for control, is modeled using an Arrhenius Reaction Rate expression which relates the combustion timing to both charge dilution and temperature. To account for a finite HCCI combustion event, the point of constant volume combustion is shifted for SOC to a point of high energy release based on experimental heat release data. The model is validated against experimental data form a single cylinder CI engine operating under HCCI conditions at two different fueling rates. Parameters relevant to control such as combustion timing agree very well with the experiment at both operating conditions. The extension of the model to other fuels is also investigated via the Octane Index (OI) of several different gasoline-type fuels. Since this nonlinear model is developed from a controls perspective, both the output and state update equations are formulated such that they are functions of only the control inputs and state variables, therefore making them directly applicable to state space methods for control. The result is a discrete-time nonlinear control model which provides a platform for developing and validating various nonlinear control strategies"--Abstract, leaf iv
Author : Kushal Narayanaswamy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book DI-HCCI Engine Control System Development written by Kushal Narayanaswamy and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jyotindra S. Killedar
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
ISBN 13 : 1477120084
Total Pages : 609 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (771 download)
Download or read book Dynamometer written by Jyotindra S. Killedar and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2012-10-25 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It all began way back in 1984 when I began my career in the field of dynamometer and engine testing when after years of gut-feeling and study I realized that there is a need for a book on dynamometer and its application to engine testing. As automotive and dynamometer industry is growing worldwide the concern eventually became so great I felt a book devoted to the subject was warranted. The book Dynamometer-Theory and Application to Engine Testing is a book dedicated to various dynamometers and how they are applied to engine testing. The book also discusses the essentials of modern test cell and the instrumentation, data acquisition system and other accessories that are employed in modern test cell. After having worked in the filed of industrial compressors, pumps, material handling equipment, dynamometer field and software industry I decided to write this book which will help the people working in the automotive industry, engine and vehicle testing, people working in the dynamometer and instrumentation industry and electrical motor industry. The book will be of interest to the studenrs of mechanical and automobile engineering. The book will be of great value to the incumbents entering in the automotive and dynamometer fields.
Author : S. Aceves
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)
Download or read book A Simple HCCI Engine Model for Control written by S. Aceves and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine is an attractive technology because of its high efficiency and low emissions. However, HCCI lacks a direct combustion trigger making control of combustion timing challenging, especially during transients. To aid in HCCI engine control we present a simple model of the HCCI combustion process valid over a range of intake pressures, intake temperatures, equivalence ratios, and engine speeds. The model provides an estimate of the combustion timing on a cycle-by-cycle basis. An ignition threshold, which is a function of the in-cylinder motored temperature and pressure is used to predict start of combustion. This model allows the synthesis of nonlinear control laws, which can be utilized for control of an HCCI engine during transients.
Author : Samveg Saxena
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (785 download)
Download or read book Maximizing Power Output in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engines and Enabling Effective Control of Combustion Timing written by Samveg Saxena and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines are one of the most promising engine technologies for the future of energy conversion from clean, efficient combustion. HCCI engines allow high efficiency and lower CO2 emission through the use of high compression ratios and the removal of intake throttle valves (like Diesel), and allow very low levels of urban pollutants like nitric oxide and soot (like Otto). These engines, however, are not without their challenges, such as low power density compared with other engine technologies, and a difficulty in controlling combustion timing. This dissertation first addresses the power output limits. The particular strategies for enabling high power output investigated in this dissertation focus on avoiding five critical limits that either damage an engine, drastically reduce efficiency, or drastically increase emissions: 1) ringing limits, 2) peak in-cylinder pressure limits, 3) misfire limits, 4) low intake temperature limits, and 5) excessive emissions limits. The research shows that the key factors that enable high power output, sufficient for passenger vehicles, while simultaneously avoiding the five limits defined above are the use of: 1) high intake air pressures allowing improved power output, 2) highly delayed combustion timing to avoid ringing limits, and 3) using the highest possible equivalence ratio before encountering ringing limits. These results are revealed by conducting extensive experiments spanning a wide range of operating conditions on a multi-cylinder HCCI engine. Second, this dissertation discusses strategies for effectively sensing combustion characteristics on a HCCI engine. For effective feedback control of HCCI combustion timing, a sensor is required to quantify when combustion occurs. Many laboratory engines use in-cylinder pressure sensors but these sensors are currently prohibitively expensive for wide-scale commercialization. Instead, ion sensors made from inexpensive sparkplugs are proposed for sensing combustion timing. Ion sensing, however, is unreliable under certain HCCI conditions. The dissertation presents two strategies for improving the usefulness of ion sensors in HCCI engines: 1) the use of tiny fractions of metal-acetate fuel additives that expand the useful range of ion sensors, and 2) the use of ion sensors for detecting excessive ringing that must be avoided in HCCI engines. These two innovative research efforts make ion sensors viable for sensing combustion characteristics across the full range of HCCI operation, making them effective for use in engine control systems. In summary, this Ph. D dissertation addresses two important technical challenges facing HCCI engines: power output limits, and difficulty in sensing combustion characteristics for control applications. The strategies proposed in this dissertation research bring HCCI engines closer to widespread commercialization allowing vehicles to operate with significantly higher efficiency and with cleaner emissions.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (254 download)
Download or read book Inflation - Kaufkraft - Wechselkurs written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Faming Sun
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Control-oriented Model for Operation of HCCI Engines written by Faming Sun and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Aaron David Attebery
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (843 download)
Download or read book Investigating the Effects of Internally Trapped Residuals on the Performance of a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engine written by Aaron David Attebery and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion introduces great opportunity for decreased emissions along with greater engine efficiencies. Implementing an innovative combustion mode such as HCCI presents a great challenge for the engine research community. One such challenge is controlling the innate cyclic variability from this chemical kinetics controlled auto-ignition event when transitioning to or from a SI operating mode. This work includes the study of cycle-to-cycle dynamics that occur within the partial burn regime of an HCCI engine as it approaches the misfire limit. Within this regime there are many successive incomplete combustion events that will impact the next cycle through the fuel/air residual, the chemical kinetics, and the pressure-temperature history of the cylinder during the combustion process. A better understanding of this process will provide information relevant to developing control methods for multi-mode operating strategies. Experiments were conducted using a single cylinder HCCI engine operating in an unstable combustion regime in order to observe cyclic variability using rapid exhaust pressure and temperature measurements to appropriately capture any deterministic behavior of the combustion dynamics. On-board syn-gas strategies were also explored by injecting a reactive species gas, carbon-monoxide, directly into the cylinder in order to perturb the intake charge and study the effects this mass injection had on the onset of combustion in HCCI. This could be utilized as one method of control by an engine control unit in order to push the limits of unstable combustion as well as keep the engine within stable operating regions"--Abstract, Leaf iii.
Download or read book Control Strategies for HCCI Mixed-Mode Combustion written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Delphi Automotive Systems and ORNL established this CRADA to expand the operational range of Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) mixed-mode combustion for gasoline en-gines. ORNL has extensive experience in the analysis, interpretation, and control of dynamic engine phenomena, and Delphi has extensive knowledge and experience in powertrain compo-nents and subsystems. The partnership of these knowledge bases was important to address criti-cal barriers associated with the realistic implementation of HCCI and enabling clean, efficient operation for the next generation of transportation engines. The foundation of this CRADA was established through the analysis of spark-assisted HCCI data from a single-cylinder research engine. This data was used to (1) establish a conceptual kinetic model to better understand and predict the development of combustion instabilities, (2) develop a low-order model framework suitable for real-time controls, and (3) provide guidance in the initial definition of engine valve strategies for achieving HCCI operation. The next phase focused on the development of a new combustion metric for real-time characterization of the combustion process. Rapid feedback on the state of the combustion process is critical to high-speed decision making for predictive control. Simultaneous to the modeling/analysis studies, Delphi was focused on the development of engine hardware and the engine management system. This included custom Delphi hardware and control systems allowing for flexible control of the valvetrain sys-tem to enable HCCI operation. The final phase of this CRADA included the demonstration of conventional and spark assisted HCCI on the multi-cylinder engine as well as the characterization of combustion instabilities, which govern the operational boundaries of this mode of combustion. ORNL and Delphi maintained strong collaboration throughout this project. Meetings were held on a bi-weekly basis with additional reports, presentation, and meetings as necessary to maintain progress. Delphi provided substantial support through modeling, hardware, data exchange, and technical consultation. This CRADA was also successful at establishing important next steps to further expanding the use of an HCCI engine for improved fuel efficiency and emissions. These topics will be address in a follow-on CRADA. The objectives are: (1) Improve fundamental understanding of the development of combustion instabilities with HCCI operation through modeling and experiments; (2) Develop low-order model and feedback combustion metrics which are well suited to real-time predictive controls; and (3) Construct multi-cylinder engine system with advanced Delphi technologies and charac-terize HCCI behavior to better understand limitations and opportunities for expanded high-efficiency operation.
Author : Hua Zhao
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 562 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book HCCI and CAI Engines for the Automotive Industry written by Hua Zhao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-09-10 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI)/controlled auto-ignition (CAI) has emerged as one of the most promising engine technologies with the potential to combine fuel efficiency and improved emissions performance, offering reduced nitrous oxides and particulate matter alongside efficiency comparable with modern diesel engines. Despite the considerable advantages, its operational range is rather limited and controlling the combustion (timing of ignition and rate of energy release) is still an area of on-going research. Commercial applications are, however, close to reality. HCCI a.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309216389
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.
Author : T. J. Kotas
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483100367
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)
Download or read book The Exergy Method of Thermal Plant Analysis written by T. J. Kotas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Exergy Method of Thermal Plant Analysis aims to discuss the history, related concepts, applications, and development of the Exergy Method - analysis technique that uses the Second Law of Thermodynamics as the basis of evaluation of thermodynamic loss. The book, after an introduction to thermodynamics and its related concepts, covers concepts related to exergy, such as physical and chemical exergy, exergy concepts for a control method and a closed-system analysis, the exergy analysis of simple processes, and the thermocentric applications of exergy. A seven-part appendix is also included. Appendices A-D covers miscellaneous information on exergy, and Appendix E features charts of thermodynamic properties. Appendix F is a glossary of terms, and Appendix G contains the list of references. The text is recommended for physicists who would like to know more about the Exergy Method, its underlying principles, and its applications not only in thermal plant analysis but also in certain areas.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309122082
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-10-19 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 21st Century Truck Partnership (21CTP), a cooperative research and development partnership formed by four federal agencies with 15 industrial partners, was launched in the year 2000 with high hopes that it would dramatically advance the technologies used in trucks and buses, yielding a cleaner, safer, more efficient generation of vehicles. Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership critically examines and comments on the overall adequacy and balance of the 21CTP. The book reviews how well the program has accomplished its goals, evaluates progress in the program, and makes recommendations to improve the likelihood of the Partnership meeting its goals. Key recommendations of the book include that the 21CTP should be continued, but the future program should be revised and better balanced. A clearer goal setting strategy should be developed, and the goals should be clearly stated in measurable engineering terms and reviewed periodically so as to be based on the available funds.
