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Author : John Higgins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Control and Spread of Contagion in Networks with Global Effects written by John Higgins and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : John Higgins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)
Download or read book Control and Spread of Contagion in Networks written by John Higgins and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Damon Centola
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691202427
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)
Download or read book How Behavior Spreads written by Damon Centola and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-24 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new, counterintuitive theory for how social networks influence the spread of behavior New social movements, technologies, and public-health initiatives often struggle to take off, yet many diseases disperse rapidly without issue. Can the lessons learned from the viral diffusion of diseases improve the spread of beneficial behaviors and innovations? How Behavior Spreads presents over a decade of original research examining how changes in societal behavior—in voting, health, technology, and finance—occur and the ways social networks can be used to influence how they propagate. Damon Centola's startling findings show that the same conditions that accelerate the viral expansion of an epidemic unexpectedly inhibit the spread of behaviors. How Behavior Spreads is a must-read for anyone interested in how the theory of social networks can transform our world.
Author : Sune Lehmann
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319773321
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)
Download or read book Complex Spreading Phenomena in Social Systems written by Sune Lehmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-21 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is about spreading of information and influence in complex networks. Although previously considered similar and modeled in parallel approaches, there is now experimental evidence that epidemic and social spreading work in subtly different ways. While previously explored through modeling, there is currently an explosion of work on revealing the mechanisms underlying complex contagion based on big data and data-driven approaches. This volume consists of four parts. Part 1 is an Introduction, providing an accessible summary of the state of the art. Part 2 provides an overview of the central theoretical developments in the field. Part 3 describes the empirical work on observing spreading processes in real-world networks. Finally, Part 4 goes into detail with recent and exciting new developments: dedicated studies designed to measure specific aspects of the spreading processes, often using randomized control trials to isolate the network effect from confounders, such as homophily. Each contribution is authored by leading experts in the field. This volume, though based on technical selections of the most important results on complex spreading, remains quite accessible to the newly interested. The main benefit to the reader is that the topics are carefully structured to take the novice to the level of expert on the topic of social spreading processes. This book will be of great importance to a wide field: from researchers in physics, computer science, and sociology to professionals in public policy and public health.
Author : Naoki Masuda
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811052875
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Temporal Network Epidemiology written by Naoki Masuda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-04 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers recent developments in epidemic process models and related data on temporally varying networks. It is widely recognized that contact networks are indispensable for describing, understanding, and intervening to stop the spread of infectious diseases in human and animal populations; “network epidemiology” is an umbrella term to describe this research field. More recently, contact networks have been recognized as being highly dynamic. This observation, also supported by an increasing amount of new data, has led to research on temporal networks, a rapidly growing area. Changes in network structure are often informed by epidemic (or other) dynamics, in which case they are referred to as adaptive networks. This volume gathers contributions by prominent authors working in temporal and adaptive network epidemiology, a field essential to understanding infectious diseases in real society.
Author : Eben Francois Du Toit
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Pinning Control of Disease Networks written by Eben Francois Du Toit and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The modelling of contagion spread on contact networks provide valuable insights to epidemiologists and policymakers trying to control and eradicate diseases. This thesis proposes, implements and analyses a methodology for inserting disease contact networks of HIV into feedback control loops and applying open-loop pinning control to their nodes. Pinning control aims to medicate only a portion of an entire network in order to achieve the same outcomes that would be seen when all nodes are controlled. The control loops are simulated using networks ranging from size N = 100 nodes to N = 10000 nodes. Simulations aim to control the average maximum incidence in the networks by first estimating the reference average transmissibility from the statistical physics technique known as bond percolation. Once the average transmissibility is known, node-, network- and population mass-action models can be measured for incidence. Two selective pinning control strategies, namely proportional feedback and nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC), are compared with one another and also with a random pinning strategy. The budget, measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), is added to the cost-function for NMPC control. It is shown that budget can indeed be controlled while incidence varies, while incidence may be controlled as budget varies. Pinning control of disease networks is a feasible methodology to analyse the future and steady-state outcomes of interventions in fast-spreading (high-risk) disease contact networks.
Author : Adam Kucharski
Publisher : Profile Books
ISBN 13 : 1782834303
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (828 download)
Download or read book The Rules of Contagion written by Adam Kucharski and published by Profile Books. This book was released on 2020-02-13 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Observer Book of the Year A Times Science Book of the Year A New Statesman Book of the Year A Financial Times Science Book of the Year 'Astonishingly bold' Daily Mail 'It is hard to imagine a more timely book ... much of the modern world will make more sense having read it.' The Times We live in a world that's more interconnected than ever before. Our lives are shaped by outbreaks - of disease, of misinformation, even of violence - that appear, spread and fade away with bewildering speed. To understand them, we need to learn the hidden laws that govern them. From 'superspreaders' who might spark a pandemic or bring down a financial system to the social dynamics that make loneliness catch on, The Rules of Contagion offers compelling insights into human behaviour and explains how we can get better at predicting what happens next. Along the way, Adam Kucharski explores how innovations spread through friendship networks, what links computer viruses with folk stories - and why the most useful predictions aren't necessarily the ones that come true. Now revised and updated with content on Covid-19.
Author : Sanjeev Goyal
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 140082916X
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)
Download or read book Connections written by Sanjeev Goyal and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-12 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Networks pervade social and economic life, and they play a prominent role in explaining a huge variety of social and economic phenomena. Standard economic theory did not give much credit to the role of networks until the early 1990s, but since then the study of the theory of networks has blossomed. At the heart of this research is the idea that the pattern of connections between individual rational agents shapes their actions and determines their rewards. The importance of connections has in turn motivated the study of the very processes by which networks are formed. In Connections, Sanjeev Goyal puts contemporary thinking about networks and economic activity into context. He develops a general framework within which this body of research can be located. In the first part of the book he demonstrates that location in a network has significant effects on individual rewards and that, given this, it is natural that individuals will seek to form connections to move the network in their favor. This idea motivates the second part of the book, which develops a general theory of network formation founded on individual incentives. Goyal assesses the robustness of current research findings and identifies the substantive open questions. Written in a style that combines simple examples with formal models and complete mathematical proofs, Connections is a concise and self-contained treatment of the economic theory of networks, one that should become the natural source of reference for graduate students in economics and related disciplines.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309263646
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Contagion of Violence written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-03-06 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past 25 years have seen a major paradigm shift in the field of violence prevention, from the assumption that violence is inevitable to the recognition that violence is preventable. Part of this shift has occurred in thinking about why violence occurs, and where intervention points might lie. In exploring the occurrence of violence, researchers have recognized the tendency for violent acts to cluster, to spread from place to place, and to mutate from one type to another. Furthermore, violent acts are often preceded or followed by other violent acts. In the field of public health, such a process has also been seen in the infectious disease model, in which an agent or vector initiates a specific biological pathway leading to symptoms of disease and infectivity. The agent transmits from individual to individual, and levels of the disease in the population above the baseline constitute an epidemic. Although violence does not have a readily observable biological agent as an initiator, it can follow similar epidemiological pathways. On April 30-May 1, 2012, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Forum on Global Violence Prevention convened a workshop to explore the contagious nature of violence. Part of the Forum's mandate is to engage in multisectoral, multidirectional dialogue that explores crosscutting, evidence-based approaches to violence prevention, and the Forum has convened four workshops to this point exploring various elements of violence prevention. The workshops are designed to examine such approaches from multiple perspectives and at multiple levels of society. In particular, the workshop on the contagion of violence focused on exploring the epidemiology of the contagion, describing possible processes and mechanisms by which violence is transmitted, examining how contextual factors mitigate or exacerbate the issue. Contagion of Violence: Workshop Summary covers the major topics that arose during the 2-day workshop. It is organized by important elements of the infectious disease model so as to present the contagion of violence in a larger context and in a more compelling and comprehensive way.
Author : Can Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (951 download)
Download or read book A Model Checking Approach to Countering the Dynamics of Infection Propagation Over Network written by Can Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the outbreak of Ebola over the past year, attention has been paid on predicting and resolving the propagation of infectious disease over network of people and animals. Model checking is a commonly used method in the field of software analysis and verification. In this thesis, we propose to use model checking to counteract the spread of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in networks. We abstract the FMD spread model and properties, and encode the system using a well-known model checker Spin. Our program is capable of finding intervention policies and evaluating the effectiveness of different policies. Moreover, previous works generally use simulation models to study the disease control problem which cannot provide certainty as to predict whether certain future states of the outbreak are possible under a particular control policy. Model checking, on the other hand, is guaranteed to find a path that leads to the future states as long as they are possible from a given current configuration of the contagion network under a given control policy. It is worth mentioning that the method proposed in this thesis is not limited to infectious diseases, but can also be applied to counter the spread of, for example, computer virus, forest fire, and public opinions.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309670381
Total Pages : 501 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (96 download)
Download or read book Evidence-Based Practice for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-11-28 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When communities face complex public health emergencies, state local, tribal, and territorial public health agencies must make difficult decisions regarding how to effectively respond. The public health emergency preparedness and response (PHEPR) system, with its multifaceted mission to prevent, protect against, quickly respond to, and recover from public health emergencies, is inherently complex and encompasses policies, organizations, and programs. Since the events of September 11, 2001, the United States has invested billions of dollars and immeasurable amounts of human capital to develop and enhance public health emergency preparedness and infrastructure to respond to a wide range of public health threats, including infectious diseases, natural disasters, and chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear events. Despite the investments in research and the growing body of empirical literature on a range of preparedness and response capabilities and functions, there has been no national-level, comprehensive review and grading of evidence for public health emergency preparedness and response practices comparable to those utilized in medicine and other public health fields. Evidence-Based Practice for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response reviews the state of the evidence on PHEPR practices and the improvements necessary to move the field forward and to strengthen the PHEPR system. This publication evaluates PHEPR evidence to understand the balance of benefits and harms of PHEPR practices, with a focus on four main areas of PHEPR: engagement with and training of community-based partners to improve the outcomes of at-risk populations after public health emergencies; activation of a public health emergency operations center; communication of public health alerts and guidance to technical audiences during a public health emergency; and implementation of quarantine to reduce the spread of contagious illness.
Author : King K. Holmes
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464805253
Total Pages : 1027 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Author : Tariq Halasa
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889453847
Total Pages : 133 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)
Download or read book Modeling Disease Spread and Control written by Tariq Halasa and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical models are useful tools to understand the epidemiology and agent-host interaction of diseases. They are developed and applied since over a century, but with increasing computer capacity, they become increasingly prominent as part of evidence based decision making. Mathematical models are frequently used to construct preparedness and contingency plans for highly contagious diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease. This allows proposing effective strategies to control the spread of the disease in case of an incursion, and avails useful tools to support decision making during an outbreak. They are also used to monitor, prevent and control endemic diseases within populations or farms. In addition, mathematical models improve our understanding of the contact structure between farms, pointing out risky elements in the contact network for disease introduction or further spread within the population. This Research Topic presents valuable studies presenting different aspects and implementations of mathematical modeling for disease spread and control in the veterinary field. The areas covered include model construction, network analysis, tools for decision makers, and costeffective control of endemic diseases.
Author : Eva Andrea Enns
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (793 download)
Download or read book Network Models and Infectious Disease Control written by Eva Andrea Enns and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many models of infectious disease do not explicitly consider the underlying contact network through which the disease spreads. However, network structure can greatly influence the dynamics of an epidemic and has implications for infectious disease control policies. This dissertation explores two important themes of network science as it relates to infectious disease control policy: first, how to incorporate network structure into the modeling and evaluation of infectious disease control policies; and second, how to leverage network structure in the design of optimal control policies. Complete network information is rarely available. Furthermore, even when network data is available, it generally only represents a snapshot in time and does not capture population or network dynamics (e.g., the formation and dissolution of contacts). In Chapter 2, we address these data limitations and describe a general simulation framework for modeling the spread of infectious disease in a dynamic contact network. We provide a methodology for inferring important model parameters, such as those governing network structure and network dynamics, from readily available data sources. In Chapter 3, we present an application of this framework in evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of mass media campaigns aimed at reducing concurrent sexual partnerships in sub-Saharan Africa for HIV prevention. In Chapter 4, we address the problem of leveraging network structure in designing infectious disease control policies. In particular, we consider the problem of identifying which links to remove from a contact network in order to maximize the number of individuals who are protected from infection. We show that this problem can be posed as a non-convex quadratically-constrained quadratic program (QCQP), from which a link removal algorithm can be derived. Evaluation of the QCQP algorithm on standard network models demonstrates that it exhibits near-optimal performance and outperforms other intuitive link removal algorithms, such as removing links in order of edge centrality.
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309182158
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Learning from SARS written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-04-26 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in late 2002 and 2003 challenged the global public health community to confront a novel epidemic that spread rapidly from its origins in southern China until it had reached more than 25 other countries within a matter of months. In addition to the number of patients infected with the SARS virus, the disease had profound economic and political repercussions in many of the affected regions. Recent reports of isolated new SARS cases and a fear that the disease could reemerge and spread have put public health officials on high alert for any indications of possible new outbreaks. This report examines the response to SARS by public health systems in individual countries, the biology of the SARS coronavirus and related coronaviruses in animals, the economic and political fallout of the SARS epidemic, quarantine law and other public health measures that apply to combating infectious diseases, and the role of international organizations and scientific cooperation in halting the spread of SARS. The report provides an illuminating survey of findings from the epidemic, along with an assessment of what might be needed in order to contain any future outbreaks of SARS or other emerging infections.
Author : H. W. Hethcote
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 366207544X
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)
Download or read book Gonorrhea Transmission Dynamics and Control written by H. W. Hethcote and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-03-11 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J. Shin Teh
Publisher : Pearson Education
ISBN 13 : 0137015585
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (37 download)
Download or read book The Network Challenge (Chapter 27) written by J. Shin Teh and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2009-05-19 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are complex, interdependent events that can be described as networks over enormous scales of time and distance from the molecular to the societal, from the local microenvironment to the global stage. In this chapter, Teh and Rubin argue that meeting this challenge effectively requires a solution that engages networks. This network-based perspective must inform not only the development and distribution of drugs and vaccines for infectious diseases, but also the development of strategies of primary prevention that use the knowledge of such networks to disrupt and limit disease spread. In this review, they analyze infectious diseases in the context of the networks underlying the evolution, establishment, and propagation of disease. They also review the network-based analyses for modeling disease spread and allowing a better understanding of the counter-interventions needed. Finally, they outline the future challenges in this area and propose a collaborative international solution based on a “global compact” that will allow effective diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of infectious diseases.
