Contracts And Trust In Alliances

Download Contracts And Trust In Alliances full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Contracts And Trust In Alliances ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Contracts and Trust in Alliances

Author : Paul Vlaar
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1848443005
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (484 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Contracts and Trust in Alliances by : Paul Vlaar

Download or read book Contracts and Trust in Alliances written by Paul Vlaar and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paul Vlaar s book very creatively combines three rich streams of research dealing with economic exchanges; and, in doing so, provides readers with new and important insights on trust, contracts and inter-organizational relationships (IORs). This is cross-disciplinary research at its best. Focusing on the independent and interdependent roles of contracts and trust in value creation and in value capture in IORs, Vlaar relies on solid quantitative and qualitative data to support his arguments. This book is must reading for scholars, managers and policy makers who are interested in these topics. Peter Smith Ring, Loyola Marymount University, US Paul Vlaar s Contracts and Trust in Alliances is one of the most creative contributions to the alliance literature in a very long time. Vlaar s discussion is informed by an unusually deep knowledge of the literature, and significantly pushes the research frontier by examining non-standard but crucial issues, notably how mutual understanding and recognition are preconditions for value discovery and creation. Nicolai Juul Foss, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark Paul Vlaar contends that strategic alliances and other forms of cooperation, such as buyer supplier relationships, joint ventures and offshoring initiatives, increasingly stand at the basis of competitive advantage. Although contracts and trust play a crucial role in such relationships, prior studies on both governance solutions are generally confined to single theories, paradigms and viewpoints. Drawing on an in-depth case study, survey data and conceptual developments, the author advances a more integrative framework. He probes issues such as: the tension between the need and the ability to contract trust and contracts as co-evolving and self-reinforcing phenomena contractual functions other than coordination and control dialectical tensions stemming from contract application standardization of contracting practices. By exploring these topics, the book offers novel perspectives on the role of trust in interorganizational relationships, shifting our attention and creation to the discovery of value by collaborating partners. The book offers novel perspectives on the role of contracts and trust in interorganizational relationships, shifting our attention from the creation and appropriation to the discovery of value by collaborating partners. The book will be useful for managers as well as practitioners interested in the governance and management of inter-organizational relationships. It will also be an important resource for academics and students interested in strategy, organization and organizational theory.

Surviving Supply Chain Integration

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309173418
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Surviving Supply Chain Integration by : National Research Council

Download or read book Surviving Supply Chain Integration written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-03-23 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The managed flow of goods and information from raw material to final sale also known as a "supply chain" affects everythingâ€"from the U.S. gross domestic product to where you can buy your jeans. The nature of a company's supply chain has a significant effect on its success or failureâ€"as in the success of Dell Computer's make-to-order system and the failure of General Motor's vertical integration during the 1998 United Auto Workers strike. Supply Chain Integration looks at this crucial component of business at a time when product design, manufacture, and delivery are changing radically and globally. This book explores the benefits of continuously improving the relationship between the firm, its suppliers, and its customers to ensure the highest added value. This book identifies the state-of-the-art developments that contribute to the success of vertical tiers of suppliers and relates these developments to the capabilities that small and medium-sized manufacturers must have to be viable participants in this system. Strategies for attaining these capabilities through manufacturing extension centers and other technical assistance providers at the national, state, and local level are suggested. This book identifies action steps for small and medium-sized manufacturersâ€"the "seed corn" of business start-up and developmentâ€"to improve supply chain management. The book examines supply chain models from consultant firms, universities, manufacturers, and associations. Topics include the roles of suppliers and other supply chain participants, the rise of outsourcing, the importance of information management, the natural tension between buyer and seller, sources of assistance to small and medium-sized firms, and a host of other issues. Supply Chain Integration will be of interest to industry policymakers, economists, researchers, business leaders, and forward-thinking executives.

Contracting in the New Economy

Author : David Frydlinger
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030650995
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Contracting in the New Economy by : David Frydlinger

Download or read book Contracting in the New Economy written by David Frydlinger and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-24 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today’s business environment is constantly evolving, filled with volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity and driven by digital transformation, globalization, and the need to creating value through innovation. These shifts demand that organizations view contracting through a different lens. Since it is impossible to predict every what-if scenario in a transactional contract, organizations in strategic and complex partnerships must shift to a mindset of shared goals and objectives built upon a strong foundation of transparency and trust, working together to mitigate risk much better than merely shifting risk to the weaker party. Contracting in the New Economy helps you to not only develop this mindset – but also offers the practical tools needed to embrace the social side of contracting, enabling your organization to harness the value creating potential of formal relational contracts. Briefly sharing the theoretical foundations that prove relational contracting works, it goes well beyond theory by providing powerful examples of relational contracting principles in practice. In addition, the authors provide a practical and proven approach for helping you to put relational contracting theory into practice for your own relationships. First by providing a framework for approaching any contracting situation and helping organizations finding the best contract model for each situation. And then by sharing five proven steps you can take to create an effective relational contract for you own strategic and complex business relationships. For anyone involved in developing contracts —lawyers, in-house counsels, contract managers, C-level managers, procurement officers, and so on — this book will empower you to create powerful cooperative alliances that will help you reach —and surpass — your business goals in today’s dynamic new environment.

Global Business Strategy

Author : Kazuyuki Motohashi
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 4431554688
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Global Business Strategy by : Kazuyuki Motohashi

Download or read book Global Business Strategy written by Kazuyuki Motohashi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-25 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents theories and case studies for corporations in developed nations, including Japan, for designing strategies to maximize opportunities and minimize threats in business expansion into developing nations. The case studies featured here focus on Asia, including China and India, and use examples of Japanese manufacturers. Five case studies are provided, including Hitachi Construction Machinery and Shiseido in China and Maruti Suzuki in India. These cases facilitate the reader’s understanding of the business environments in emerging economies. This volume is especially recommended for business people responsible for international business development, particularly in China and India. In addition, the book serves as a useful resource for students in graduate-level courses in international management.

Strategic Alliances for Innovation and R&D

Author : T. K. Das
Publisher : IAP
ISBN 13 : 1623966248
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (239 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Strategic Alliances for Innovation and R&D by : T. K. Das

Download or read book Strategic Alliances for Innovation and R&D written by T. K. Das and published by IAP. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strategic Alliances for Innovation and R&D is a volume in the book series Research in Strategic Alliances that focuses on providing a robust and comprehensive forum for new scholarship in the field of strategic alliances. In particular, the books in the series cover new views of interdisciplinary theoretical frameworks and models, significant practical problems of alliance organization and management, and emerging areas of inquiry. The series also includes comprehensive empirical studies of selected segments of business, economic, industrial, government, and non-profit activities with wide prevalence of strategic alliances. Through the ongoing release of focused topical titles, this book series seeks to disseminate theoretical insights and practical management information that should enable interested professionals to gain a rigorous and comprehensive understanding of the field of strategic alliances. Strategic Alliances for Innovation and R&D contains contributions by leading scholars in the field of strategic alliance research. The 11 chapters in this volume cover a number of significant topics that encompass innovation and R&D through strategic alliances. The chapter topics cover both the broader issues, such as the governance of high-tech alliances, knowledge flows in innovation clusters, co-innovation, and incomplete contracting, and the more focused problems of inexperienced firms in R&D consortia, new product development, and managing alliance portfolio evolution in service innovation. The chapters include empirical as well as conceptual treatments of the selected topics, and collectively present a wide-ranging review of the noteworthy research perspectives on the role of strategic alliances in the pursuit of innovation and R&D.

Entrepreneurial Alliances

Author : Jeffrey J. Reuer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780136156369
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (563 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Entrepreneurial Alliances by : Jeffrey J. Reuer

Download or read book Entrepreneurial Alliances written by Jeffrey J. Reuer and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Help entrepreneurs prepare for, create, and manage alliances. In today's economy, many entrepreneurs have found themselves considering, or even involved in, an alliance without a strong understanding of the best way to proceed. In order to provide entrepreneurs with the information they need, Entrepreneurial Alliances explains how to successfully create, maintain, and manage alliances.

Alliance Advantage

Author : Yves L. Doz
Publisher : Harvard Business Press
ISBN 13 : 9780875846163
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (461 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Alliance Advantage by : Yves L. Doz

Download or read book Alliance Advantage written by Yves L. Doz and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After a decade of reeningeering and downsizing, many companies are leaner, more efficient, and acutely focused on their core business. Yet today's growth opportunities in global markets and new technologies demand a wider range of skills. More and more, firms must turn to alliances-often with their rivals-to meld the right resources for pursuing new opportunities. However, few managers are accustomed to working with undefined boundaries between collaboration and competition, with the need to combine unfamiliar skills, with networks of interdependent alliances, and with complex value creation strategies. Nor has their experience with traditional joint ventures prepared them for this world of intricate alliance webs. Alliance Advantage aims to help today's managers and their companies be more successful in their efforts to create, guide, and thrive with alliance strategies. Most conventional wisdom about alliances has focused on the formal design of bilateral alliances, devoting too little attention to the strategic underpinnings and too little commitment to building relationships. With Alliance Advantage, strategy experts Yves Doz and Gary Hamel convincingly argue that it is the strength of alliance strategies and the frequently overlooked internal processes that play the decisive role in shaping eventual outcomes. In a fundamentally new perspective on the way alliances are formed and managed, the authors reveal the analysis, processes, and partner interactions that enable allies to meet their strategic goals. Drawing on principles of strategy, organizational design, organizational learning, and collaborative management, this is the definitive resource for both understanding and leveraging the powerful advantages of alliances. Alliance Advantage provides both conceptual and practical tools for analyzing the design and performance of alliances. Here, for the first time, is a comprehensive guide that will help managers build new collaborations and improve existing ones. Each chapter examines a different aspect of an alliance, from selecting the right partners to minimizing conflicts to determining further commitments. Companies such as Xerox, Boeing, Honda, and Corning, among others, provide examples of successful and unsuccessful partnerships, painting a vivid picture of the conditions that can make or break an alliance. Successful alliances, say Doz and Hamel, require constant attention. With Alliance Advantage, they offer today's best opportunity to study, understand, and increase the effectiveness of strategic alliances.

Trends in Japanese Management

Author : T. Kono
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0333993896
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (339 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Trends in Japanese Management by : T. Kono

Download or read book Trends in Japanese Management written by T. Kono and published by Springer. This book was released on 2001-05-21 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The period of economic decline during the 1990s produced a wave of studies focusing on the failure of Japanese management according to western criteria. Yet Japanese manufacturing firms have continued to hold competitive power in the world market. This book identifies the institutional specificity of Japanese Management and the reasons behind its continued competitiveness. Through an exploration of the strategy and structure of Japanese manufacturing corporations the authors discover the essential features and strength of Japanese management systems, their problems and new trends, and consider how management strategies have been developed for future success. This new, sophisticated analysis of Japanese manufacturing corporations, based on data from over two hundred corporations, will enable the reader to better understand Japanese management systems and their potential to lay a foundation for successful management systems throughout the world.

The Legalistic Organization

Author : Sim B. Sitkin
Publisher : SAGE Publications, Incorporated
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Legalistic Organization by : Sim B. Sitkin

Download or read book The Legalistic Organization written by Sim B. Sitkin and published by SAGE Publications, Incorporated. This book was released on 1994-02-04 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Legalistic Organization brings together first-rate scholars from a variety of disciplines (law, sociology, management, economics, communication, and political science) to investigate this phenomenon from the perspectives of formal procedures, decision-making criteria, and the use of legal rhetoric within organizations.

Managing Trust in Strategic Alliances

Author : T. K. Das
Publisher : IAP
ISBN 13 : 1641135328
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (411 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Managing Trust in Strategic Alliances by : T. K. Das

Download or read book Managing Trust in Strategic Alliances written by T. K. Das and published by IAP. This book was released on 2018-12-01 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing Trust in Strategic Alliances is a volume in the book series Research in Strategic Alliances that focuses on providing a robust and comprehensive forum for new scholarship in the field of strategic alliances. In particular, the books in the series cover new views of interdisciplinary theoretical frameworks and models, significant practical problems of alliance organization and management, and emerging areas of inquiry. The series also includes comprehensive empirical studies of selected segments of business, economic, industrial, government, and non-profit activities with wide prevalence of strategic alliances. Through the ongoing release of focused topical titles, this book series seeks to disseminate theoretical insights and practical management information that should enable interested professionals to gain a rigorous and comprehensive understanding of the field of strategic alliances. Managing Trust in Strategic Alliances contains contributions by leading scholars in the field of strategic alliance research. The 10 chapters in this volume deal with significant issues relating to the management of trust in strategic alliances. These issues include the role of trust in value creation and appropriation, the dialectics of trust, control, and risk in multilateral R&D alliances, protecting trustworthiness in open and closed alliance networks, balancing trust and distrust, trust and cost disclosure, trust and control, foreign partner’s trust in international strategic alliances, a multilevel approach to trust, trust in service supply networks, and trust-building in public-private strategic alliances. The chapters contain empirical as well as conceptual treatments of the selected topics, and collectively present a wide-ranging review of the noteworthy research perspectives on managing trust in strategic alliances.

The Design of Alliance Governance Systems

Author : Sascha Albers
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3658247118
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (582 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Design of Alliance Governance Systems by : Sascha Albers

Download or read book The Design of Alliance Governance Systems written by Sascha Albers and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-10 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strategic alliances have emerged as an important element of firms' strategies. Following suit, research on alliances has blossomed, concentrating on the various forms alliances take, the reasons of their existence, and increasingly embracing questions of alliance management and governance tasks. However, most contributions which address the alliance governance problem are yet rather vague and selective in their conception of alliance governance structures as well as the factors which influence their suitability. The aim of this book is to further advance our understanding of alliance governance and to provide recommendations on the problem of alliance governance design. Following the configurational approach, Sascha Albers develops a comprehensive model of alliance governance systems. He identifies relevant structural and instrumental design parameters and analyzes major contingency factors, including member firms' cultures and alliance experience, number of alliance partners, and trust, which impact the design parameters' suitability. He finally deducts five configurations, or ideal types, of alliance governance systems which can be regarded as blueprints for the practitioner and as platform for further research for the alliance scholar. Potential readership includes scholars of strategic management and organization theory, interested students in these areas as well as practitioners involved in formulating and implementing alliance strategies.

Interfirm Alliances

Author : Bart Nooteboom
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134676379
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (346 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Interfirm Alliances by : Bart Nooteboom

Download or read book Interfirm Alliances written by Bart Nooteboom and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-02-20 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Challenging the current flood of mergers and acquisitions this book presents an alternative, more efficient strategy of inter-firm alliances. In the context of recent developments in international business, the discussion takes in alliances between buyers and suppliers, between competitors and between firms in different industries. This theory is illustrated and elaborated with empirical detail from a variety of international case-studies. These studies include the car industry in the US, Europe and Japan, the Dutch photocopier industry and ten European electronic suppliers ... Inter-firm Alliances combines resource-based views, transaction-cost analysis and institutional economics to develop an original and comprehensive theory of inter-firm alliances and a coherent method for managing them.

The Alliance

Author : Reid Hoffman
Publisher : Harvard Business Review Press
ISBN 13 : 162527579X
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (252 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Alliance by : Reid Hoffman

Download or read book The Alliance written by Reid Hoffman and published by Harvard Business Review Press. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New York Times Bestelling guide for managers and executives. Introducing the new, realistic loyalty pact between employer and employee. The employer-employee relationship is broken, and managers face a seemingly impossible dilemma: the old model of guaranteed long-term employment no longer works in a business environment defined by continuous change, but neither does a system in which every employee acts like a free agent. The solution? Stop thinking of employees as either family or as free agents. Think of them instead as allies. As a manager you want your employees to help transform the company for the future. And your employees want the company to help transform their careers for the long term. But this win-win scenario will happen only if both sides trust each other enough to commit to mutual investment and mutual benefit. Sadly, trust in the business world is hovering at an all-time low. We can rebuild that lost trust with straight talk that recognizes the realities of the modern economy. So, paradoxically, the alliance begins with managers acknowledging that great employees might leave the company, and with employees being honest about their own career aspirations. By putting this new alliance at the heart of your talent management strategy, you’ll not only bring back trust, you’ll be able to recruit and retain the entrepreneurial individuals you need to adapt to a fast-changing world. These individuals, flexible, creative, and with a bias toward action, thrive when they’re on a specific “tour of duty”—when they have a mission that’s mutually beneficial to employee and company that can be completed in a realistic period of time. Coauthored by the founder of LinkedIn, this bold but practical guide for managers and executives will give you the tools you need to recruit, manage, and retain the kind of employees who will make your company thrive in today’s world of constant innovation and fast-paced change.

Handbook of Strategic Alliances

Author : Oded Shenkar
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 0761988637
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (619 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Strategic Alliances by : Oded Shenkar

Download or read book Handbook of Strategic Alliances written by Oded Shenkar and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2006 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers research on strategic alliances, and serves to lay out a research agenda on collaborative strategy and alliance management. This book covers the theoretical foundations that guide work on inter-firm collaboration, ranging from sociological perspectives to real options theory to diverse traditions within organizational economics.

Global Competitiveness

Author : William Philip Wall
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811677557
Total Pages : 103 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Global Competitiveness by : William Philip Wall

Download or read book Global Competitiveness written by William Philip Wall and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-03 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the aspects of global competition in terms of the strategies that could be applied to improve the competitive position of businesses and consolidate gains particularly in the Thai market. The book is composed of 10 chapters focusing on topics related to business strategy, such as competition, marketing, innovation, utilizing information, technology, human resources, strategic alliances, customer service, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of strategies, and corporate social responsibility. This book will serve as a useful guide for those already in business in Thailand as well as for businesses that hope to expand their existing operations in Thailand to the global market.

Managing Business Relationships

Author : David Ford
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 047072109X
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (77 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Managing Business Relationships by : David Ford

Download or read book Managing Business Relationships written by David Ford and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-26 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No company is an island in the world of business. Each company is locked into a complex network of relationships with its customers, suppliers and other counterparts. What happens in these relationships is critical to the success of any business. Managing a company's relationships and its position in the network is a central, but often misunderstood aspect of business. This new edition of Managing Business Relationships aims to help managers and students understand the reality of business networks and how to manage in them. It has been entirely rewritten to include the latest thinking and research from the IMP (Industrial Marketing and Purchasing) Group and includes new chapters on Intermediation in Business Networks, the Economics of Business Relationships and the Practice of Business Networking. Features: • Provides a structured way to understand business networks and their meaning for the practicing manager. • Offers a complete analysis of management in different relationships including those with customers, suppliers, distributors and development counterparts. • Presents a practical analysis of the problems and choices that managers face in developing and changing their relationships and a guide to the critical skills of business networking. The book is vital reading for students of business marketing, purchasing, business networks and relationship management. It is also a valuable resource for all managers operating in business networks, including those in marketing, purchasing, strategy, technical development and distribution.

The Alliance Revolution

Author : Benjamin Gomes-Casseres
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674016477
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (164 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Alliance Revolution by : Benjamin Gomes-Casseres

Download or read book The Alliance Revolution written by Benjamin Gomes-Casseres and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than we ever anticipated, alliances among firms are changing the way business is conducted, particularly in the global, high-technology sector. The reasons are clear: companies must increasingly pool their capabilities to succeed in ever more complex and rapidly changing businesses. But the consequences for managers and for the economy have so far been underestimated. In this new book, Benjamin Gomes-Casseres presents the first in-depth account of the new world of business alliances and shows how collaboration has become part of the very fabric of modern competition. Alliances, he argues, create new units of competition that do battle with one another and with traditional single firms. The flexible capabilities of these multi-firm constellations give them advantages over single firms in certain contexts, offsetting the advantage of a single firm's unified control. When managed effectively, alliances can strengthen a firm's competitive advantage and narrow the gap between leading firms and second-tier players. This often results in intensified rivalry, and the competition within an industry is transformed. Alliances often spread swiftly through an industry as firms jockey for advantage. Yet the very spread of alliances increases their costs and poses new limits on their use. Gomes-Casseres concludes that firms need to manage their constellations to enhance collaboration within their groups, while raising what he calls "barriers to collaboration" for rivals. These ideas are developed and illustrated through original case studies of alliances among U.S., Japanese, and European firms in electronics and computers, including Xerox, IBM, and Fujitsu as well as other small and large companies. The book should be of interest to business academics, managers, and general readers concerned with contemporary capitalism.