Content Addressable Memories

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Content-Addressable Memories

Author : Teuvo Kohonen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642830560
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)

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Book Synopsis Content-Addressable Memories by : Teuvo Kohonen

Download or read book Content-Addressable Memories written by Teuvo Kohonen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to continual progress in the large-scale integration of semiconductor circuits, parallel computing principles can already be met in low-cost sys tems: numerous examples exist in image processing, for which special hard ware is implementable with quite modest resources even by nonprofessional designers. Principles of content addressing, if thoroughly understood, can thereby be applied effectively using standard components. On the other hand, mass storage based on associative principles still exists only in the long term plans of computer technologists. This situation is somewhat confused by the fact that certain expectations are held for the development of new storage media such as optical memories and "spin glasses" (metal alloys with low-density magnetic impurities). Their technologies, however, may not ripen until after "fifth generation" computers have been built. It seems that software methods for content addressing, especially those based on hash coding principles, are still holding their position firmly, and a few innovations have been developed recently. As they need no special hardware, one might expect that they will spread to a wide circle of users. This monograph is based on an extensive literature survey, most of which was published in the First Edition. I have added Chap. ?, which contains a review of more recent work. This updated book now has references to over 1200 original publications. In the editing of the new material, I received valuable help from Anneli HeimbUrger, M. Sc. , and Mrs. Leila Koivisto.

Content-Addressable Memories

Author : T. Kohonen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642965520
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (429 download)

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Book Synopsis Content-Addressable Memories by : T. Kohonen

Download or read book Content-Addressable Memories written by T. Kohonen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designers and users of computer systems have long been aware of the fact that inclusion of some kind of content-addressable or "associative" functions in the storage and retrieval mechanisms would allow a more effective and straightforward organization of data than with the usual addressed memories, with the result that the computing power would be significantly increased. However, although the basic principles of content-addressing have been known for over twenty years, the hardware content-addressable memories (CAMs) have found their way only to special roles such as small buffer memories and con trol units. This situation now seems to be changing: Because of the develop ment of new technologies such as very-large-scale integration of semiconduc tor circuits, charge-coupled devices, magnetic-bubble memories, and certain devices based on quantum-mechanical effects, an increasing amount of active searching functions can be transferred to memory units. The prices of the more complex memory components which earlier were too high to allow the application of these principles to mass memories will be reduced to a fraction of the to tal system costs, and this will certainly have a significant impact on the new computer architectures. In order to advance the new memory principles and technologies, more in formation ought to be made accessible to a common user.

Biology of Memory

Author : Karl Pribram
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323141501
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis Biology of Memory by : Karl Pribram

Download or read book Biology of Memory written by Karl Pribram and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology of Memory investigates the biological basis of memory and covers topics ranging from short- and long-term post-perceptual memory to memory storage processes, memory microstructures, chemical transfer, and neuronal plasticity. The activity of neuronal networks in the thalamus of the monkey is also examined, along with integrative functions of the thalamocortical visual system of the cat. Comprised of 20 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the mechanisms that inhibit or interfere with short- and long-term memory, followed by a discussion on different retrieval mechanisms for short- and long-term memory. The reader is then introduced to the role of short- and long-term memory in the formation, retention, and utilization of associations, together with the link between memory and the medial temporal regions of the brain. Subsequent chapters focus on anatomical and chemical changes in the brain during primary learning; cellular models of learning and cellular mechanisms of plasticity in Aplysia; trace phenomena in single neurons of hippocampus and mammiliary bodies; and plasticity in single units in the mammalian brain. The book concludes with a description of Occam (Omnium-Gatherum Core Content Addressable Memory), a computer program for a content addressable memory in the central nervous system. This monograph will be useful to biologists, behavioral psychologists, neuropsychologists, neurophysiologists, biophysicists, and biochemists as well as computer scientists and mathematicians.

Self-Organization and Associative Memory

Author : Teuvo Kohonen
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662007843
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Self-Organization and Associative Memory by : Teuvo Kohonen

Download or read book Self-Organization and Associative Memory written by Teuvo Kohonen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two significant things have happened since the writing of the first edition in 1983. One of them is recent arousal of strong interest in general aspects of "neural computing", or "neural networks", as the previous neural models are nowadays called. The incentive, of course, has been to develop new com puters. Especially it may have been felt that the so-called fifth-generation computers, based on conventional logic programming, do not yet contain in formation processing principles of the same type as those encountered in the brain. All new ideas for the "neural computers" are, of course, welcome. On the other hand, it is not very easy to see what kind of restrictions there exist to their implementation. In order to approach this problem systematically, cer tain lines of thought, disciplines, and criteria should be followed. It is the pur pose of the added Chapter 9 to reflect upon such problems from a general point of view. Another important thing is a boom of new hardware technologies for dis tributed associative memories, especially high-density semiconductor circuits, and optical materials and components. The era is very close when the parallel processors can be made all-optical. Several working associative memory archi tectures, based solely on optical technologies, have been constructed in recent years. For this reason it was felt necessary to include a separate chapter (Chap. 10) which deals with the optical associative memories. Part of its con tents is taken over from the first edition.

Content Addressable Parallel Processors

Author : Caxton C. Foster
Publisher : Van Nostrand Reinhold Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Content Addressable Parallel Processors by : Caxton C. Foster

Download or read book Content Addressable Parallel Processors written by Caxton C. Foster and published by Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. This book was released on 1976 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Content addressable memories or content addressable parallel processors or associative memories or associative processors have been around the computing scene for almost 20 years now. Several hundred papers have been written discussing their use and design but so far no single text or reference book has tried to summarize the field. This volume attempts to remedy this lack. It attempts to gather into one place all the information that exists as of late 1975.

TFET Integrated Circuits

Author : Navneet Gupta
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030551199
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis TFET Integrated Circuits by : Navneet Gupta

Download or read book TFET Integrated Circuits written by Navneet Gupta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-06 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the physical operation of the Tunnel Field-effect Transistor (TFET) and circuits built with this device. Whereas the majority of publications on TFETs describe in detail the device, its characteristics, variants and performance, this will be the first book addressing TFET integrated circuits (TFET ICs). The authors describe the peculiarities of TFET ICs and their differences with MOSFETs. They also develop and analyze a number of logic circuits and memories. The discussion also includes complex circuits combining CMOS and TFET, as well as a potential fabrication process in Silicon.

Associative Memory

Author : T. Kohonen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642963846
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (429 download)

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Book Synopsis Associative Memory by : T. Kohonen

Download or read book Associative Memory written by T. Kohonen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About the Scope of This Text This book contains two types of material ~ first, the many divergent and often diffuse meanings given to the concepts of association, associative memory, and associative recaZZ are expounded. A review of this kind was felt necessary because there apparently does not exist any single monograph which could serve as a reference to these topics. But the presentation of the main body of this text is motivated by quite other reasons: in recent years, plenty of interesting mathematical and system-theoretical material has been published which makes it possible to gain a view of associative memory which is different from the conventional abstract and computationally oriented approaches. It seems that the basic operation of associative memory, the storage of information together with the relations or links between the data items, and the selective recall of stored information relative to a piece of key or cue information presented, is not restricted to certain computer-technological implementations but can also be reflected in more general mathematically describable processes in certain physical or other systems, especially in their adaptive state changes. It further seems that some generally known forms of associative memory, namely, certain computer technological artifacts, or abstract systems of concepts or data, are in fact special representations of a class of processes characterized as associative memory.

VLSI Design and Test

Author : Brajesh Kumar Kaushik
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811074704
Total Pages : 815 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis VLSI Design and Test by : Brajesh Kumar Kaushik

Download or read book VLSI Design and Test written by Brajesh Kumar Kaushik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-21 with total page 815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on VLSI Design and Test, VDAT 2017, held in Roorkee, India, in June/July 2017. The 48 full papers presented together with 27 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 246 submissions. The papers were organized in topical sections named: digital design; analog/mixed signal; VLSI testing; devices and technology; VLSI architectures; emerging technologies and memory; system design; low power design and test; RF circuits; architecture and CAD; and design verification.

Proceedings of International Conference on Frontiers in Computing and Systems

Author : Debotosh Bhattacharjee
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811578346
Total Pages : 895 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of International Conference on Frontiers in Computing and Systems by : Debotosh Bhattacharjee

Download or read book Proceedings of International Conference on Frontiers in Computing and Systems written by Debotosh Bhattacharjee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 895 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers outstanding research papers presented at the International Conference on Frontiers in Computing and Systems (COMSYS 2020), held on January 13–15, 2019 at Jalpaiguri Government Engineering College, West Bengal, India and jointly organized by the Department of Computer Science & Engineering and Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. The book presents the latest research and results in various fields of machine learning, computational intelligence, VLSI, networks and systems, computational biology, and security, making it a rich source of reference material for academia and industry alike.

Smart Intelligent Computing and Applications

Author : Suresh Chandra Satapathy
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9813296909
Total Pages : 704 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis Smart Intelligent Computing and Applications by : Suresh Chandra Satapathy

Download or read book Smart Intelligent Computing and Applications written by Suresh Chandra Satapathy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-03 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents high-quality papers from the Third International Conference on Smart Computing and Informatics (SCI 2018−19), organized by the School of Computer Engineering and School of Computer Application, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, from 21 to 22 December 2018. It includes advanced and multi-disciplinary research on the design of smart computing and informatics, focusing on innovation paradigms in system knowledge, intelligence and sustainability that have the potential to provide realistic solutions to various problems in society, the environment and industry. The papers featured provide a valuable contribution to the deployment of emerging computational and knowledge transfer approaches, optimizing solutions in varied disciplines of science, technology and health care.

Sparse Distributed Memory

Author : Pentti Kanerva
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262111324
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Sparse Distributed Memory by : Pentti Kanerva

Download or read book Sparse Distributed Memory written by Pentti Kanerva and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motivated by the remarkable fluidity of memory the way in which items are pulled spontaneously and effortlessly from our memory by vague similarities to what is currently occupying our attention "Sparse Distributed Memory "presents a mathematically elegant theory of human long term memory.The book, which is self contained, begins with background material from mathematics, computers, and neurophysiology; this is followed by a step by step development of the memory model. The concluding chapter describes an autonomous system that builds from experience an internal model of the world and bases its operation on that internal model. Close attention is paid to the engineering of the memory, including comparisons to ordinary computer memories."Sparse Distributed Memory "provides an overall perspective on neural systems. The model it describes can aid in understanding human memory and learning, and a system based on it sheds light on outstanding problems in philosophy and artificial intelligence. Applications of the memory are expected to be found in the creation of adaptive systems for signal processing, speech, vision, motor control, and (in general) robots. Perhaps the most exciting aspect of the memory, in its implications for research in neural networks, is that its realization with neuronlike components resembles the cortex of the cerebellum.Pentti Kanerva is a scientist at the Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science at the NASA Ames Research Center and a visiting scholar at the Stanford Center for the Study of Language and Information. A Bradford Book.

CMOS Memory Circuits

Author : Tegze P. Haraszti
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306470357
Total Pages : 551 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis CMOS Memory Circuits by : Tegze P. Haraszti

Download or read book CMOS Memory Circuits written by Tegze P. Haraszti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CMOS Memory Circuits is a systematic and comprehensive reference work designed to aid in the understanding of CMOS memory circuits, architectures, and design techniques. CMOS technology is the dominant fabrication method and almost the exclusive choice for semiconductor memory designers. Both the quantity and the variety of complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) memories are staggering. CMOS memories are traded as mass-products worldwide and are diversified to satisfy nearly all practical requirements in operational speed, power, size, and environmental tolerance. Without the outstanding speed, power, and packing density characteristics of CMOS memories, neither personal computing, nor space exploration, nor superior defense systems, nor many other feats of human ingenuity could be accomplished. Electronic systems need continuous improvements in speed performance, power consumption, packing density, size, weight, and costs. These needs continue to spur the rapid advancement of CMOS memory processing and circuit technologies. CMOS Memory Circuits is essential for those who intend to (1) understand, (2) apply, (3) design and (4) develop CMOS memories.

PC Hardware in a Nutshell

Author : Robert Bruce Thompson
Publisher : "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
ISBN 13 : 0596552343
Total Pages : 877 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (965 download)

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Book Synopsis PC Hardware in a Nutshell by : Robert Bruce Thompson

Download or read book PC Hardware in a Nutshell written by Robert Bruce Thompson and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2003-07-24 with total page 877 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PC Hardware in a Nutshell is the practical guide to buying, building, upgrading, and repairing Intel-based PCs. A longtime favorite among PC users, the third edition of the book now contains useful information for people running either Windows or Linux operating systems. Written for novices and seasoned professionals alike, the book is packed with useful and unbiased information, including how-to advice for specific components, ample reference material, and a comprehensive case study on building a PC.In addition to coverage of the fundamentals and general tips about working on PCs, the book includes chapters focusing on motherboards, processors, memory, floppies, hard drives, optical drives, tape devices, video devices, input devices, audio components, communications, power supplies, and maintenance. Special emphasis is given to upgrading and troubleshooting existing equipment so you can get the most from your existing investments.This new edition is expanded to include: Detailed information about the latest motherboards and chipsets from AMD, Intel, SiS, and VIA Extensive coverage of the Pentium 4 and the latest AMD processors, including the Athlon XP/MP Full details about new hard drive standards, including the latest SCSI standards, ATA/133, Serial ATA, and the new 48-bit "Big Drive" ATA interface Extended coverage of DVD drives, including DVD-RAM, DVD-R/RW, and DVD+R/RW Details about Flat Panel Displays, including how to choose one (and why you might not want to) New chapters on serial communications, parallel communications, and USB communications (including USB 2.0) Enhanced troubleshooting coverage PC Hardware in a Nutshell, 3rd Edition provides independent, useful and practical information in a no-nonsense manner with specific recommendations on components. Based on real-world testing over time, it will help you make intelligent, informed decisions about buying, building, upgrading, and repairing PCs in a cost effective manner that will help you maximize new or existing computer hardware systems. It's loaded with real-world advice presented in a concise style that clearly delivers just the information you want, without your having to hunt for it.

Advances in Computer Graphics Hardware III

Author : A.A.M. Kuijk
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540534884
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (348 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Computer Graphics Hardware III by : A.A.M. Kuijk

Download or read book Advances in Computer Graphics Hardware III written by A.A.M. Kuijk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1991-03-28 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of the finalized versions of the papers presented at the third Eurographics Workshop on Graphics Hardware. The diversity of the contributions reflects the widening range of options for graphics hardware that can be exploited due to the constant evolution of VLSI and software technologies. The first part of the book deals with the algorithmic aspects of graphics systems in a hardware-oriented context. Topics are: VLSI design strategies, data distribution for ray-tracing, the advantages of point-driven image generation with respect to VLSI implementation, use of memory and ease of parallelization, ray-tracing, and image reconstruction. The second part is on specific hardware, on content addressable memories and voxel-based systems. The third part addresses parallel systems: massively parallel object-based architectures, two systems in which image generated by individual rendering systems are composited, a transputer-based parallel display processor.

Feynman And Computation

Author : Anthony Hey
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429969007
Total Pages : 463 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis Feynman And Computation by : Anthony Hey

Download or read book Feynman And Computation written by Anthony Hey and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-03-08 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational properties of use to biological organisms or to the construction of computers can emerge as collective properties of systems having a large number of simple equivalent components (or neurons). The physical meaning of content-addressable memory is described by an appropriate phase space flow of the state of a system. A model of such a system is given, based on aspects of neurobiology but readily adapted to integrated circuits. The collective properties of this model produce a content-addressable memory which correctly yields an entire memory from any subpart of sufficient size. The algorithm for the time evolution of the state of the system is based on asynchronous parallel processing. Additional emergent collective properties include some capacity for generalization, familiarity recognition, categorization, error correction, and time sequence retention. The collective properties are only weakly sensitive to details of the modeling or the failure of individual devices.

The Cache Memory Book

Author : Jim Handy
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann
ISBN 13 : 9780123229809
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (298 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cache Memory Book by : Jim Handy

Download or read book The Cache Memory Book written by Jim Handy and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 1998-01-13 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Second Edition of The Cache Memory Book introduces systems designers to the concepts behind cache design. The book teaches the basic cache concepts and more exotic techniques. It leads readers through someof the most intricate protocols used in complex multiprocessor caches. Written in an accessible, informal style, this text demystifies cache memory design by translating cache concepts and jargon into practical methodologies and real-life examples. It also provides adequate detail to serve as a reference book for ongoing work in cache memory design. The Second Edition includes an updated and expanded glossary of cache memory terms and buzzwords. The book provides new real world applications of cache memory design and a new chapter on cache"tricks". Illustrates detailed example designs of caches Provides numerous examples in the form of block diagrams, timing waveforms, state tables, and code traces Defines and discusses more than 240 cache specific buzzwords, comparing in detail the relative merits of different design methodologies Includes an extensive glossary, complete with clear definitions, synonyms, and references to the appropriate text discussions

Soft Computing Systems

Author : Ivan Zelinka
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789811319372
Total Pages : 871 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Soft Computing Systems by : Ivan Zelinka

Download or read book Soft Computing Systems written by Ivan Zelinka and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 871 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book (CCIS 837) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Soft Computing Systems, ICSCS 2018, held in Sasthamcotta, India, in April 2018. The 87 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 439 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on soft computing, evolutionary algorithms, image processing, deep learning, artificial intelligence, big data analytics, data minimg, machine learning, VLSI, cloud computing, network communication, power electronics, green energy.