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Conditionals Meaning And Mood
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Book Synopsis Mood and Modality: Conditional Clauses by : Liane Weigel
Download or read book Mood and Modality: Conditional Clauses written by Liane Weigel and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2005-04-20 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2-, University of Potsdam, language: English, abstract: When Frank Jackson in the introductory passage of “Conditionals” questions the theory of conditionals the answer is given with “ there is no theory of conditionals which has won general acceptance. Instead there are a number of competing theories” (Jackson, 1991: 3). The following pages of the book present such competing theories, all searching for the logic in conditional clauses. However the understanding of conditional clauses in languages, e.g. in the English language, can be very difficult regarding to the different types and their functions. One the one hand functional Grammar declares the facts of grammar, which are connected with conditional clauses but the main focus is on its usage and the function. Therefore this dissertation investigates mood and modality, which can be expressed by conditional clauses but is also connected with modal verbs, first in a declarative and secondly in an analysing way in order to find out, what the importance especially of conditional clauses and modal verbs for the language is. In the first part after this introduction, modal verbs as the core notions of modality are presented regarding their meaning and importance to express mood and modality, judgements and attitudes. The next part presents an attempt of understanding the complex theory of conditional clauses as a basis for analysing an academic text. An analysis of how modality, judgements and attitudes are expressed in an academic text follows in the next part focusing on the use of conditional clauses. Although the theory and use of conditional clauses with reference to mood and modality are not exhausted with this dissertation, the last part tries to summarize how mood and modality, judgements and attitudes of speakers can be expressed with the help of conditionals.
Book Synopsis Conditionals, Meaning and Mood by : William B. Starr
Download or read book Conditionals, Meaning and Mood written by William B. Starr and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work explores the hypothesis that natural language is a tool for changing a language user's state of mind and, more specifically, the hypothesis that a sentence's meaning is constituted by its characteristic role in fulfilling this purpose. This view contrasts with the dominant approach to semantics due to Frege, Tarski and others' work on artificial languages: language is first and foremost a tool for representing the world. Adapted to natural language by Davidson, Lewis, Montague, et. al. this dominant approach has crystalized as truth-conditional semantics: to know the meaning of a sentence is to know the conditions under which that sentence is true. Chapter 1 details the animating ideas of my alternative approach and shows that the representational function of language can be understood in terms of the more general function of changing representational mental states. Chapters 2-4 argue that the additional resources of this more general conception of meaning allow us to explain certain phenomena involving conditionals (e.g. `if Bob danced then Leland danced') and grammatical mood (e.g. declarative, interrogative, imperative mood) that truth-conditional semantics does not. In the analysis of these specific phenomena and the articulation of the general approach on offer, it emerges that this approach combines insights and benefits from both use-theoretic and truth-theoretic work on meaning.
Book Synopsis Coding the Hypothetical by : Jane F. Hacking
Download or read book Coding the Hypothetical written by Jane F. Hacking and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1998-03-15 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conditionals encode speculation. They convey how events could have been different in the past or present, or might be different in the future if particular conditions had been or will be met. While all languages afford the means to speculate or hypothesize about possible events, the ways in which they do so vary. This work explores some of this variation through an analysis of the stucture and semantics of complex conditional sentences in Russian and Macedonian. It addresses typological questions about the general properties of natural language conditionals and examines the role of the grammatical categories tense, aspect, mood and status in the coding of conditional meaning. The book also discusses the relationship between the use of these categories and the shape of a language’s conditional system. For example, the use of tense in counterfactual contexts in Macedonian correlates with the grammaticalization of more shades of conditional meaning than are grammaticalized in Russian, which does not employ tense forms in this way. The study draws on data from a rich variety of sources and thus includes kinds of conditionals overlooked in many other studies. The book addresses issues of concern to Slavists and raises questions for those interested in conditionals and the coding of hypothetical meaning.
Book Synopsis The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation by : Lester Kaufman
Download or read book The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation written by Lester Kaufman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-16 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bestselling workbook and grammar guide, revised and updated! Hailed as one of the best books around for teaching grammar, The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation includes easy-to-understand rules, abundant examples, dozens of reproducible quizzes, and pre- and post-tests to help teach grammar to middle and high schoolers, college students, ESL students, homeschoolers, and more. This concise, entertaining workbook makes learning English grammar and usage simple and fun. This updated 12th edition reflects the latest updates to English usage and grammar, and includes answers to all reproducible quizzes to facilitate self-assessment and learning. Clear and concise, with easy-to-follow explanations, offering "just the facts" on English grammar, punctuation, and usage Fully updated to reflect the latest rules, along with even more quizzes and pre- and post-tests to help teach grammar Ideal for students from seventh grade through adulthood in the US and abroad For anyone who wants to understand the major rules and subtle guidelines of English grammar and usage, The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation offers comprehensive, straightforward instruction.
Download or read book Conditionals written by Renaat Declerck and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-08-09 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an extremely detailed and comprehensive examination of conditional sentences in English, using many examples from actual language-use. The syntax and semantics of conditionals (including tense and mood options) and the functions of conditionals in discourse are examined in depth, producing an all-round linguistic view of the subject which contains a wealth of original observations and analyses. Not only linguists specializing in grammar but also those interested in pragmatics and the philosophy of language will find this book a rewarding and illuminating source.
Book Synopsis Use-Conditional Meaning by : Daniel Gutzmann
Download or read book Use-Conditional Meaning written by Daniel Gutzmann and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2015-05-28 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to bring together the pragmatic theory of 'meaning as use' with the traditional semantic approach that considers meaning in terms of truth conditions. Daniel Gutzmann adopts core ideas by the philosopher David Kaplan in assuming that the meaning of expressions such as oops or damn can be captured by giving the conditions under which they can be felicitously used. He develops a multidimensional approach to meaning, called hybrid semantics, that incorporates use conditions alongside truth conditions in a unified framework. This new system overcomes the empirical gaps and conceptual problems associated with previous multidimensional systems; it also lessens the burden on the compositional system by shifting restrictions on the combination of use-conditional expressions to the lexicon-semantics interface instead of building them directly into the combinatoric rules. The approach outlined in this book can capture the entire meaning of complex expressions, and also has natural applications in the analysis of sentence mood and modal particles in German, as Gutzmann's two detailed case studies demonstrate. The book will be a valuable resource for linguists working in the fields of semantics, pragmatics, and philosophy of language, as well as to philosophers and cognitive scientists with an interest in meaning in language.
Book Synopsis On the Semantics of Syntax by : Eirian C. Davies
Download or read book On the Semantics of Syntax written by Eirian C. Davies and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-07-03 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1979, this book develops a grammatically orientated semantics (as opposed to a semantically orientated grammar) of mood and condition in English. It seeks to establish correspondences between areas of semantic organisation (‘planes’) and surface grammar, without reverting to an intermediate notion of deep grammar. The chapters explore topics including the differences between ‘literal meaning’ and ‘significance’, speech roles, and constructions of condition and reason in terms of the four panes discussed earlier in the volume.
Book Synopsis Conditionals and Prediction by : Barbara Dancygier
Download or read book Conditionals and Prediction written by Barbara Dancygier and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-01-13 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a new and in-depth analysis of English conditional sentences. In a wide-ranging discussion, Dancygier classifies conditional constructions according to time-reference and modality. She shows how the basic meaning parameters of conditionality correlate to formal parameters of the linguistic constructions which are used to express them. Dancygier suggests that the function of prediction is central to the definition of conditionality, and that conditional sentences display certain formal features which correlate to aspects of interpretation. Although the analysis is based primarily on English, it provides a theoretical framework that can be extended cross-linguistically to a broad range of grammatical phenomena. It will be essential reading for scholars and students concerned with the role of conditionals in English and many other languages.
Book Synopsis Conditions and Conditionals by : Gerry Wakker
Download or read book Conditions and Conditionals written by Gerry Wakker and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Protagoras remarks “if you like, let us assume that justice is holy and holiness just”, Socrates replies “No, I do not want this ‘if you like’ or ‘if you agree’ sort of thing to be put to the proof (-); our statement will be most properly tested if we take away the ‘if’” (Plato Protagoras 331c3-d1). This passage may be considered one of the oldest passages reflecting on the pragmatic functions of ‘if’, and the importance of ‘if’ in human reasoning. This book develops a linguistic framework to analyse conditionals, for which the apparatus of Functional Grammar provides a basis. Within this framework a detailed analysis is given of conditionals in Ancient Greek, in which syntactic, semantic as well as pragmatic factors are used to explain the multifarious uses of the important but elusive conjunction ei.
Book Synopsis Use-conditional Meaning by : Daniel Gutzmann
Download or read book Use-conditional Meaning written by Daniel Gutzmann and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to bring together the pragmatic theory of 'meaning as use' with the traditional semantic approach that considers meaning in terms of truth conditions. Daniel Gutzmann's new approach captures the entire meaning of complex expressions and overcomes the empirical gaps and conceptual problems associated with previous analyses.
Book Synopsis Контрастивна граматика англійської та української мов. [англ./укр.] by : Карамишева І. Д.
Download or read book Контрастивна граматика англійської та української мов. [англ./укр.] written by Карамишева І. Д. and published by Нова Книга. This book was released on with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Посібник за змістом відповідає вимогам програми з дисципліни “Контрастивна граматика англійської та української мов”. Містить тлумачення основних теоретичних понять контрастивної лінгвістики загалом і контрастивної граматики зокрема. Описана методика контрастивних досліджень та висвітлені найважливіші спільні й відмінні риси морфологічного та синтаксичного рівнів англійської та української мов. Кожен розділ посібника закінчується контрольними питаннями для визначення рівня засвоєння опрацьованого теоретичного матеріалу. Низка вправ забезпечує можливість удосконалити набуті теоретичні знання на практичних заняттях та самостійно. Призначений для студентів базового напряму “Філологія” спеціальностей “Прикладна лінгвістика”, “Переклад (англійська мова)”, “Мова та література (англійська)”, а також може зацікавити викладачів англійської мови вищих і спеціальних середніх навчальних закладів, аспірантів, студентів та перекладачів.
Book Synopsis Coding the Hypothetical by : Jane F. Hacking
Download or read book Coding the Hypothetical written by Jane F. Hacking and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conditionals encode speculation. They convey how events could have been different in the past or present, or might be different in the future if particular conditions had been or will be met. While all languages afford the means to speculate or hypothesize about possible events, the ways in which they do so vary. This work explores some of this variation through an analysis of the stucture and semantics of complex conditional sentences in Russian and Macedonian. It addresses typological questions about the general properties of natural language conditionals and examines the role of the grammatical categories tense, aspect, mood and status in the coding of conditional meaning. The book also discusses the relationship between the use of these categories and the shape of a language's conditional system. For example, the use of tense in counterfactual contexts in Macedonian correlates with the grammaticalization of more shades of conditional meaning than are grammaticalized in Russian, which does not employ tense forms in this way. The study draws on data from a rich variety of sources and thus includes kinds of conditionals overlooked in many other studies. The book addresses issues of concern to Slavists and raises questions for those interested in conditionals and the coding of hypothetical meaning.
Book Synopsis Context, Cognition and Conditionals by : Chi-Hé Elder
Download or read book Context, Cognition and Conditionals written by Chi-Hé Elder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-24 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes a semantic theory of conditionals that can account for (i) the variability in usages that conditional sentences can be put; and (ii) both conditional sentences of the form ‘if p, q’ and those conditional thoughts that are expressed without using ‘if’. It presents theoretical arguments as well as empirical evidence from English and other languages in support of the thesis that an adequate study of conditionals has to go beyond an analysis of specific sentence forms or lexical items. The resulting perspective on conditionals is one in which conditionality is located at a higher level than that of the sentence; namely, at the level of thought. The author argues that it is only through adopting such a perspective, and with it, a commitment to context-dependent semantics, that we can successfully represent conditional utterances as they are used and understood by ordinary language users. It will be of interest to students and scholars working on the semantics of conditionals in the fields of linguistics (especially semantics and pragmatics) and philosophy of language.
Book Synopsis Language Typology and Language Universals 2.Teilband by : Martin Haspelmath
Download or read book Language Typology and Language Universals 2.Teilband written by Martin Haspelmath and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-07-14 with total page 1013 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides a comprehensive and thorough survey of our current insights into the diversity and unity found across the 6000 languages of this planet. The 125 articles include inter alia chapters on the patterns and limits of variation manifested by analogous structures, constructions and linguistic devices across languages (e.g. word order, tense and aspect, inflection, color terms and syllable structure). Other chapters cover the history, methodology and the theory of typology, as well as the relationship between language typology and other disciplines. The authors of the individual sections and chapters are for the most part internationally known experts on the relevant topics. The vast majority of the articles are written in English, some in French or German. The handbook is not only intended for the expert in the fields of typology and language universals, but for all of those interested in linguistics. It is specifically addressed to all those who specialize in individual languages, providing basic orientation for their analysis and placing each language within the space of what is possible and common in the languages of the world.
Book Synopsis Intensive Bulgarian by : Ronelle Alexander
Download or read book Intensive Bulgarian written by Ronelle Alexander and published by Univ of Wisconsin Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive textbook teaching English-speakers to read, write, and speak contemporary Bulgarian. The text is designed to be adaptable for students of varying skill levels and can be taught at a gradual or intensive pace. It is also a much-needed reference grammar of Bulgarian, incorporating the latest research and theories on Bulgarian grammar in accessible layman’s language. Volume 2 contains Lessons 16-30 and introduces more complex points of grammar and syntax than Volume 1. It also includes a cumulative Bulgarian-English glossary covering both volumes. Like many popular language textbooks, the dialogues in Intensive Bulgarian form a continuing dramatic narrative that gradually introduces students to both language and culture. Throughout the text, Bulgarian constructions and phrases are compared with English ones to clarify grammar and idioms. Lessons include: o dialogues and sample sentences o exercises and translation sentences o basic and supplemental grammar sections o reading selections o a glossary for the lesson o cultural notes. Together, Volumes 1 and 2 of Intensive Bulgarian provide all the materials necessary for teachers and students to learn lively, modern colloquial Bulgarian, to become familiar with Bulgarian cultural life, and to thoroughly understand Bulgarian grammar. Slavic scholars will also find in Volume 2 both a thorough presentation of the Bulgarian verb system, as traditionally conceived, and a new analysis of this system.
Book Synopsis Layers of Modality by : Ana Werkmann Horvat
Download or read book Layers of Modality written by Ana Werkmann Horvat and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-10-25 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the literature on modality focuses, at least implicitly, on the occurrence of single modal auxiliaries. However, cross-linguistically, modal auxiliaries can co-occur with one another, but under interesting restrictions. This monograph examines layered modal constructions and the semantic restrictions under which they combine. The main puzzle addressed in the book is the question of ordering restrictions among modal auxiliaries and whether these have any semantic consequences, and finally, what the conceptual rationale is behind these restrictions. Based on the data from Croatian, the central proposal is that modal restrictions depend heavily on both modal force and flavour, and combine according to a hierarchy that can possibly be extended cross-linguistically since it rests on the basis of the conceptual and logical reality of human language. The book also offers an in-depth overview of the literature on layered modal constructions as well as a valuable and extensive set of analyzed data which will be of great interest for researchers interested in verbal systems, modality, and Slavic languages.
Book Synopsis The Conjunctive Mood in English as a Problem in General Linguistics by : Irina B. Khlebnikova
Download or read book The Conjunctive Mood in English as a Problem in General Linguistics written by Irina B. Khlebnikova and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-07-22 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No detailed description available for "The Conjunctive Mood in English as a Problem in General Linguistics".
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