On Conditionals

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521113274
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis On Conditionals by : Elizabeth Closs Traugott

Download or read book On Conditionals written by Elizabeth Closs Traugott and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On Conditionals provides the first major cross-disciplinary account of conditional (if-then) constructions. Conditional sentences directly reflect the language user's ability to reason about alternatives, uncertainties, and unrealised contingencies. An understanding of the conceptual and behavioural organisation involved in the construction and interpretation of these kinds of sentences therefore provides fundamental insights into the inferential strategies and the cognitive and linguistic processes of human beings. The present volume brings together studies from several perspectives - philosophical, linguistic and psychological - and aims to emphasise the intrinsic connections between the issues to be addressed and to point to new directions for interdisciplinary work.

Conditionals

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Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Conditionals by : Frank Jackson

Download or read book Conditionals written by Frank Jackson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1991 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of readings introduces the reader to the most interesting current work on conditionals. Particular attention is paid to possible worlds semantics for conditionals; the role of conditional probability in helping us to understand conditionals; implicature and the materialconditional; and subjective versus indicative conditionals. The volume brings together important papers by Frank Jackson, V. H. Dudman, Dorothy Edgington, Nelson Goodman, H. P. Grice, David Lewis, and Robert Stalnaker. Oxford Readings in Philosophy is a series designed to bring together important recent writings in major areas of philosophical inquiry, selected from a variety of sources, mostly periodicals, which may not be conveniently available to the university student or the general reader. The editor ofeach volume contributes an introductory essay on the items chosen and on the questions with which they deal. A selective bibliography is appended as a guide to further reading.

On the Logic of Ordinary Conditionals

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Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780791402948
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis On the Logic of Ordinary Conditionals by : Robert N. McLaughlin

Download or read book On the Logic of Ordinary Conditionals written by Robert N. McLaughlin and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1990-07-05 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the Logic of Ordinary Conditionals offers a formal treatment of the logic of a type of conditional found in natural speech which differs substantially from the material conditional of propositional logic and from the conditionals afforded by theories of possible worlds. Conventional and necessary conditionals are studied as well as factual ones.

Conditionals

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Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110851741
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Conditionals by : Renaat Declerck

Download or read book Conditionals written by Renaat Declerck and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-08-09 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an extremely detailed and comprehensive examination of conditional sentences in English, using many examples from actual language-use. The syntax and semantics of conditionals (including tense and mood options) and the functions of conditionals in discourse are examined in depth, producing an all-round linguistic view of the subject which contains a wealth of original observations and analyses. Not only linguists specializing in grammar but also those interested in pragmatics and the philosophy of language will find this book a rewarding and illuminating source.

Mind, Method and Conditionals

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134707959
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (347 download)

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Book Synopsis Mind, Method and Conditionals by : Frank Jackson

Download or read book Mind, Method and Conditionals written by Frank Jackson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-11-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Subjunctive Conditionals

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262019485
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Subjunctive Conditionals by : Michela Ippolito

Download or read book Subjunctive Conditionals written by Michela Ippolito and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A proposal for a compositional semantics for subjunctive (or would) conditionals in English. In this book, Michela Ippolito proposes a compositional semantics for subjunctive (or would) conditionals in English that accounts for their felicity conditions and the constraints on the satisfaction of their presuppositions by capitalizing on the occurrence of past tense morphology in both antecedent and consequent clauses. Very little of the extensive literature on subjunctive conditionals tries to account for the meaning of these sentences compositionally or to relate this meaning to their linguistic form; this book fills that gap, connecting the different lines of research on conditionals. Ippolito's proposal will be of interest both to linguists and to philosophers concerned with conditionals and modality more generally. Ippolito reviews previous analyses of counterfactuals and subjunctive conditionals in the work of David Lewis, Robert Stalnaker, Angelika Kratzer, and others; considers the contrast between future simple past subjunctive conditionals and future past perfect subjunctive conditionals; presents a proposal for subjunctive conditionals that addresses puzzles left unsolved by previous proposals; reviews a number of presupposition triggers showing that they fit the pattern predicted by her proposal; and discusses an asymmetry between the past and the future among subjunctive conditionals, arguing that the best account of our linguistic intuitions must include an indeterministic view of the world.

On Conditionals Again

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Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 902727598X
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis On Conditionals Again by : Angeliki Athanasiadou

Download or read book On Conditionals Again written by Angeliki Athanasiadou and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1997-04-24 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume brings together a selection of papers from a symposium on Conditionality held in the University of Duisburg on 25-26 March 1994. Ten years after the Stanford symposium, the Proceedings of which were edited by Traugott et al. (1986), the area of conditionality is revisited in a synthesis of issues and aspects with insights drawn from the wider framework of general processes of conceptualisation. One major question is therefore what conceptual categories fall under conditionality or how far the notion of conditionality can be extended. The volume represents the up-to-date research on most aspects of conditionality some of which include the relationship between conditionality, hypotheticality and counterfactuality, polarity, historical perspectives, concessives, the acquisition of conditionals.

The Epistemology of Indicative Conditionals

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107111455
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis The Epistemology of Indicative Conditionals by : Igor Douven

Download or read book The Epistemology of Indicative Conditionals written by Igor Douven and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addresses central questions concerning conditionals by combining the methods of formal epistemology with those of cognitive psychology.

Conditionals, Information, and Inference

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540322353
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Conditionals, Information, and Inference by : Gabriele Kern-Isberner

Download or read book Conditionals, Information, and Inference written by Gabriele Kern-Isberner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-05-13 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conditionals are fascinating and versatile objects of knowledge representation. On the one hand, they may express rules in a very general sense, representing, for example, plausible relationships, physical laws, and social norms. On the other hand, as default rules or general implications, they constitute a basic tool for reasoning, even in the presence of uncertainty. In this sense, conditionals are intimately connected both to information and inference. Due to their non-Boolean nature, however, conditionals are not easily dealt with. They are not simply true or false — rather, a conditional “if A then B” provides a context, A, for B to be plausible (or true) and must not be confused with “A entails B” or with the material implication “not A or B.” This ill- trates how conditionals represent information, understood in its strict sense as reduction of uncertainty. To learn that, in the context A, the proposition B is plausible, may reduce uncertainty about B and hence is information. The ab- ity to predict such conditioned propositions is knowledge and as such (earlier) acquired information. The ?rst work on conditional objects dates back to Boole in the 19th c- tury, and the interest in conditionals was revived in the second half of the 20th century, when the emerging Arti?cial Intelligence made claims for appropriate formaltoolstohandle“generalizedrules.”Sincethen,conditionalshavebeenthe topic of countless publications, each emphasizing their relevance for knowledge representation, plausible reasoning, nonmonotonic inference, and belief revision.

Minds, Ethics, and Conditionals

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199267987
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Minds, Ethics, and Conditionals by : Ian Ravenscroft

Download or read book Minds, Ethics, and Conditionals written by Ian Ravenscroft and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-22 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An illustrious international line-up of contributors present new essays on themes from the philosophy of Frank Jackson, discussing his groundbreaking work on supervenience and conceptual analysis; mind and colour; normative ethics and metaethics; and conditionals. Jackson offers a substantial and illuminating reply to his critics.

Conditionals, Paradox, and Probability

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191021342
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Conditionals, Paradox, and Probability by : Lee Walters

Download or read book Conditionals, Paradox, and Probability written by Lee Walters and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-11 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conditionals, Paradox, and Probability brings together fifteen original essays by experts in philosophy and linguistics. These specially written chapters draw on themes from the work of Dorothy Edgington, the first woman to hold a chair in philosophy at the University of Oxford. The contributors to this volume focus on the key topics to which Edgington has made many important contributions, including conditionals, vagueness, the paradox of knowability, and probability. Their insights will be of interest to philosophers, linguists, and psychologists working in philosophical logic, natural language semantics, and reasoning.

Conditionals in Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Belief Revision

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540446001
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Conditionals in Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Belief Revision by : Gabriele Kern-Isberner

Download or read book Conditionals in Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Belief Revision written by Gabriele Kern-Isberner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-06-29 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conditionals are omnipresent, in everyday life as well as in scientific environments; they represent generic knowledge acquired inductively or learned from books. They tie a flexible and highly interrelated network of connections along which reasoning is possible and which can be applied to different situations. Therefore, conditionals are important, but also quite problematic objects in knowledge representation. This book presents a new approach to conditionals which captures their dynamic, non-proportional nature particularly well by considering conditionals as agents shifting possible worlds in order to establish relationships and beliefs. This understanding of conditionals yields a rich theory which makes complex interactions between conditionals transparent and operational. Moreover,it provides a unifying and enhanced framework for knowledge representation, nonmonotonic reasoning, belief revision,and even for knowledge discovery.

Context, Cognition and Conditionals

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030137996
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Context, Cognition and Conditionals by : Chi-Hé Elder

Download or read book Context, Cognition and Conditionals written by Chi-Hé Elder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-24 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes a semantic theory of conditionals that can account for (i) the variability in usages that conditional sentences can be put; and (ii) both conditional sentences of the form ‘if p, q’ and those conditional thoughts that are expressed without using ‘if’. It presents theoretical arguments as well as empirical evidence from English and other languages in support of the thesis that an adequate study of conditionals has to go beyond an analysis of specific sentence forms or lexical items. The resulting perspective on conditionals is one in which conditionality is located at a higher level than that of the sentence; namely, at the level of thought. The author argues that it is only through adopting such a perspective, and with it, a commitment to context-dependent semantics, that we can successfully represent conditional utterances as they are used and understood by ordinary language users. It will be of interest to students and scholars working on the semantics of conditionals in the fields of linguistics (especially semantics and pragmatics) and philosophy of language.

Knowledge and Conditionals

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192538292
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Knowledge and Conditionals by : Robert C. Stalnaker

Download or read book Knowledge and Conditionals written by Robert C. Stalnaker and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robert C. Stalnaker presents a set of essays on the structure of inquiry. In the first part he focuses on the concepts of knowledge, belief, and partial belief, and on the rules and procedures we use - or ought to use - to determine what to believe, and what to claim that we know. In the second part he examines conditional statements and conditional beliefs, their role in epistemology, and their relations to causal and explanatory concepts, such as dispositions, objective chance, relations of dependence, and independence. A central concern of the book is the interaction of different cognitive perspectives - the ways in which the attitudes of rational agents are or should be influenced by critical reflection on their present cognitive situation, on their own cognitive situations at other times, and on the cognitive situations of others with whom they interact. The general picture that is developed is naturalistic, following Hume in rejecting a substantive role for pure reason in the defense of inductive rules, and in giving causal concepts a central role in the description and explanation of our cognitive practices. However, Stalnaker rejects the side of Hume that aims to reduce concepts involving natural necessity to more basic descriptive concepts. Instead, he argues that the development of inductive rules and practices takes place in interaction with the development of concepts for giving a theoretical description of the world.

A Philosophical Guide to Conditionals

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Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 019153174X
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis A Philosophical Guide to Conditionals by : Jonathan Bennett

Download or read book A Philosophical Guide to Conditionals written by Jonathan Bennett and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2003-04-03 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conditional sentences are among the most intriguing and puzzling features of language: analysis of their meaning and function has important implications for, and uses in, many areas of philosophy. Jonathan Bennett, one of the world's leading experts, distils many years' work and teaching into this Philosophical Guide to Conditionals, the fullest and most authoritative treatment of the subject. The literature on conditionals is difficult - needlessly so. Bennett's treatment is meticulously careful and luminously clear. He presents and evaluates in detail various approaches to the understanding of 'indicative' conditionals (like 'If Shakespeare didn't write Hamlet, some aristocrat did') and 'subjunctive' conditionals (like 'If rabbits had not been deliberately introduced into New Zealand, there would be none there today'); and he offers his own view, which will be recognized as a major original contribution to the subject. Journeying through this intellectual territory brings one into contact with the metaphysics of possible worlds, probability and belief-change, probability and logic, the pragmatics of conversation, determinism, ambiguity, vagueness, the law of excluded middle, facts versus events, and more. One might perhaps learn more philosophy from a thorough study of conditionals than from any other kind of work. Bennett's Guide is an ideal introduction for undergraduates with a philosophical grounding, and will also be a rich source of illumination and stimulation for graduate students and professional philosophers.

The Logic of Conditionals

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9789027706317
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of Conditionals by : E.W. Adams

Download or read book The Logic of Conditionals written by E.W. Adams and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1975-10-31 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of the four chapters in this book, the first two discuss (albeit in consider ably modified form) matters previously discussed in my papers 'On the Logic of Conditionals' [1] and 'Probability and the Logic of Conditionals' [2], while the last two present essentially new material. Chapter I is relatively informal and roughly parallels the first of the above papers in discussing the basic ideas of a probabilistic approach to the logic of the indicative conditional, according to which these constructions do not have truth values, but they do have probabilities (equal to conditional probabilities), and the appropriate criterion of soundness for inferences involving them is that it should not be possible for all premises of the inference to be probable while the conclusion is improbable. Applying this criterion is shown to have radically different consequences from the orthodox 'material conditional' theory, not only in application to the standard 'fallacies' of the material conditional, but to many forms (e. g. , Contraposition) which have hitherto been regarded as above suspi cion. Many more applications are considered in Chapter I, as well as certain related theoretical matters. The chief of these, which is the most important new topic treated in Chapter I (i. e.

Conditionals in Context

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Publisher : Contemporary Philosophical Mon
ISBN 13 : 9780262572316
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (723 download)

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Book Synopsis Conditionals in Context by : Christopher Gauker

Download or read book Conditionals in Context written by Christopher Gauker and published by Contemporary Philosophical Mon. This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A theory proposing that context-relativity is the key to understanding the semantics of conditionals.