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Conception Et Caracterisation De Structures Sub Longueur Donde Pour Linfrarouge
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Book Synopsis Conception et caractérisation de structures sub-longueur d'onde pour l'infrarouge by : Christelle Tuambilangana
Download or read book Conception et caractérisation de structures sub-longueur d'onde pour l'infrarouge written by Christelle Tuambilangana and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les travaux de cette thèse portent sur la conception de structures sub-longueur d'onde pour l'optique infrarouge. Deux approches se distinguent. En premier lieu, j'ai étudié une méthode indirecte de caractérisation optique applicable à des structures sub-longueur d'onde considérées comme des matériaux homogènes : elle consiste à mesurer par spectroscopie infrarouge les intensités diffractées par des réseaux de période très grande devant la longueur d'onde, et constitués du matériau à caractériser. J'ai mis en oeuvre cette méthode dans le but de la valider en déterminant l'indice de réfraction complexe du nitrure de silicium. j'ai également proposé d'appliquer cette méthode à des nanomatériaux artificiels dans le but de caractériser leur anisotropie et de mettre en évidence le phénomène de dispersion spatiale spécifique au domaine sub-longueur d'onde, dont dépendent étroitement les propriétés optiques. Dans un second temps, j'ai introduit un formalisme matriciel pour concevoir des filtres infrarouge passe-bande sur substrat. Dans ce cas, les propriétés optiques des structures sub-longueur d'onde métal-diélectriques étudiées sont dues à des résonances de modes guidés résultant de l'interaction complexe de plusieurs ordres diffractés entre eux. Ce formalisme permet de modéliser la réponse optique des filtres, et de définir un critère de symétrie. J'ai finalement montré qu'il est possible de concevoir des filtres symétriques sur substrat, et par là même d'optimiser leur réponse optique en termes de maximum de transmission, de facteur de qualité, de tolérance angulaire et d'efficacité de réjection.
Book Synopsis Etude système de structures sub-lambda pour l'imagerie infrarouge by : Quentin Abadie
Download or read book Etude système de structures sub-lambda pour l'imagerie infrarouge written by Quentin Abadie and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dans le domaine de l'imagerie infrarouge, on distingue deux types de technologies : les détecteurs refroidis, coûteux et très performants, et les détecteurs thermiques, bas coût et moins encombrants. Dans les deux cas le système optique associé au détecteur représente une part importante du coût total du fait de la production unitaire de lentilles et du besoin en une résolution de plus en plus importante pour suivre la diminution du pas pixel et l'augmentation du format des détecteurs. Dès lors il est intéressant d'explorer des solutions pour diminuer le coût et l'encombrement du système optique tout en maintenant ou en améliorant les performances optiques. Dans ce contexte, ce travail de thèse s'intéresse à l'utilisation d'optiques sub-lambda ou métasurfaces optiques en matériau diélectrique au sein de systèmes d'imagerie infrarouge. De telles optiques sont peu encombrantes et fabriquées par des moyens issus de l'industrie de la microélectronique ce qui permet d'envisager une fabrication collective donc une diminution des coûts. Ces objets sont obtenus en structurant un substrat plan avec des motifs de taille inférieure à la longueur d'onde. La géométrie de ces motifs, dans des matériaux à forts indices de réfraction et transparents dans l'infrarouge comme le silicium, permettent de modifier les propriétés d'une onde optique : sa polarisation, sa phase, sa dispersion et la transmission. Cependant il est complexe de contrôler tout ces paramètres tout en prenant compte des limites technologiques des outils de fabrication. Ce travail s'est donc orienté vers la conception de systèmes optiques mêlant lentilles réfractives et lames sub-lambda de correction de front d'onde. Pour ce faire nous avons (i) développé un outil de simulation mêlant calculs électromagnétiques par la méthode RCWA, pour rendre compte du comportement d'une optique sub-lambda, et conception optique pour la partie réfractive. Nos optiques sub-lambda ont dès lors des dimensions millimétriques à centimétriques pour être couplées à des lentilles réfractives au sein de systèmes d'imagerie, et notre méthode permet de simuler efficacement de tels systèmes optiques. Dans un second temps nous avons (ii) développé des procédés de fabrication de prototypes d'optiques sub-lambda, notamment pour la correction d'aberration sphérique dans le LWIR (bande 8-14μm de longueur d'onde). (iii) Enfin la caractérisation de nos systèmes optiques a permis de valider notre modèle et de démontrer une forte amélioration de la FTM d'un système optique aberrant associé à une lame sub-lambda de correction de front d'onde (FTM multipliée par 3 à 25 cycles par millimètre). Nos derniers résultats montrent une amélioration sur une bande 8-12μm de nos systèmes optiques et ouvrent la voie vers la conception d'optiques sub-lambda large bande au sein de systèmes d'imagerie infrarouge.
Book Synopsis Conception de micro-optiques par structuration sub-longueur d'onde by : Quentin Levesque
Download or read book Conception de micro-optiques par structuration sub-longueur d'onde written by Quentin Levesque and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Un composant optique modifie l’amplitude, la phase ou la polarisation d’une onde élec- tromagnétique incidente. Ma thèse consiste à développer des composants optiques pour l’infrarouge à base de nanostructures sub-longueur d’onde. La possibilité de leur intégration au plus près des matrices de détecteurs permet de réduire l’encombrement des systèmes op- tiques tout en augmentant leur robustesse aux contraintes mécaniques. J’ai développé d’une part deux dispositifs de contrôle de la phase reposant sur des nanofentes déphasantes ou diffractives permettant, par exemple, de réaliser des lentilles planes à l’échelle de la longueur d’onde. J’ai également démontré le potentiel de ces dispositifs pour la conception de com- posants plans aux fonctions optiques nouvelles telles que les combinaisons des fonctions de filtrage ou de prisme avec celle d’une lentille. D’autre part, j’ai développé, fabriqué et carac- térisé des métasurfaces à base de réseau d’antennes plasmoniques sub-longueur d’onde pour le contrôle spatial et spectral de la polarisation. En particulier, j’ai réalisé un convertisseur de polarisation linéaire en réflexion, efficace et large bande dans l’infrarouge.
Book Synopsis Matériaux artificiels : ingénierie de dispersion des micro-ondes à l'optique by : VANBESIEN Olivier
Download or read book Matériaux artificiels : ingénierie de dispersion des micro-ondes à l'optique written by VANBESIEN Olivier and published by Lavoisier. This book was released on 2012-04-16 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ce livre propose une synthèse des recherches - des concepts jusqu'aux applications - sur les matériaux artificiels, incluant les cristaux photoniques et les métamatériaux. Il expose les enjeux de performance et les défis de fabrication (jusqu'à l'échelle du nanomètre) pour l'exploitation des effets d'ultra-réfraction ou de réfraction négative induits par l'ingénierie généralisée ou localisée de la dispersion sur l'ensemble du spectre électromagnétique (des micro-ondes à l'optique en passant par le térahertz et l'infrarouge). Didactique, Matériaux artificiels analyse les possibilités de l'optique de transformation tels que les mirages optiques, les lentilles parfaites, les tapis magiques et les capes d'invisibilité. Présentés comme potentiels précurseurs de nouveaux systèmes de contrôle de la propagation des ondes et/ou d'imagerie pour les domaines des télécommunications, de la biologie ou de la médecine, ils permettent d'identifier les principaux verrous théoriques et technologiques actuels.
Book Synopsis Quantum Mechanics, Volume 3 by : Claude Cohen-Tannoudji
Download or read book Quantum Mechanics, Volume 3 written by Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-12-16 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new, third volume of Cohen-Tannoudji's groundbreaking textbook covers advanced topics of quantum mechanics such as uncorrelated and correlated identical particles, the quantum theory of the electromagnetic field, absorption, emission and scattering of photons by atoms, and quantum entanglement. Written in a didactically unrivalled manner, the textbook explains the fundamental concepts in seven chapters which are elaborated in accompanying complements that provide more detailed discussions, examples and applications. * Completing the success story: the third and final volume of the quantum mechanics textbook written by 1997 Nobel laureate Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and his colleagues Bernard Diu and Franck Laloë * As easily comprehensible as possible: all steps of the physical background and its mathematical representation are spelled out explicitly * Comprehensive: in addition to the fundamentals themselves, the books comes with a wealth of elaborately explained examples and applications Claude Cohen-Tannoudji was a researcher at the Kastler-Brossel laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris where he also studied and received his PhD in 1962. In 1973 he became Professor of atomic and molecular physics at the Collège des France. His main research interests were optical pumping, quantum optics and atom-photon interactions. In 1997, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, together with Steven Chu and William D. Phillips, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms. Bernard Diu was Professor at the Denis Diderot University (Paris VII). He was engaged in research at the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics and High Energy where his focus was on strong interactions physics and statistical mechanics. Franck Laloë was a researcher at the Kastler-Brossel laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris. His first assignment was with the University of Paris VI before he was appointed to the CNRS, the French National Research Center. His research was focused on optical pumping, statistical mechanics of quantum gases, musical acoustics and the foundations of quantum mechanics.
Download or read book ICREEC 2019 written by Ahmed Belasri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights peer reviewed articles from the 1st International Conference on Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion, ICREEC 2019, held at Oran in Algeria. It presents recent advances, brings together researchers and professionals in the area and presents a platform to exchange ideas and establish opportunities for a sustainable future. Topics covered in this proceedings, but not limited to, are photovoltaic systems, bioenergy, laser and plasma technology, fluid and flow for energy, software for energy and impact of energy on the environment.
Book Synopsis Silicon-on-Insulator Technology: Materials to VLSI by : J.-P. Colinge
Download or read book Silicon-on-Insulator Technology: Materials to VLSI written by J.-P. Colinge and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-02-29 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon-on-Insulator Technology: Materials to VLSI, Third Edition, retraces the evolution of SOI materials, devices and circuits over a period of roughly twenty years. Twenty years of progress, research and development during which SOI material fabrication techniques have been born and abandoned, devices have been invented and forgotten, but, most importantly, twenty years during which SOI Technology has little by little proven it could outperform bulk silicon in every possible way. The turn of the century turned out to be a milestone for the semiconductor industry, as high-quality SOI wafers suddenly became available in large quantities. From then on, it took only a few years to witness the use of SOI technology in a wealth of applications ranging from audio amplifiers and wristwatches to 64-bit microprocessors. This book presents a complete and state-of-the-art review of SOI materials, devices and circuits. SOI fabrication and characterization techniques, SOI CMOS processing, and the physics of the SOI MOSFET receive an in-depth analysis. Silicon-on-Insulator Technology: Materials to VLSI, Third Edition, also describes the properties of other SOI devices, such as multiple gate MOSFETs, dynamic threshold devices and power MOSFETs. The advantages and performance of SOI circuits used in both niche and mainstream applications are discussed in detail. The SOI specialist will find this book invaluable as a source of compiled references covering the different aspects of SOI technology. For the non-specialist, the book serves an excellent introduction to the topic with detailed, yet simple and clear explanations. Silicon-on-Insulator Technology: Materials to VLSI, Third Edition is recommended for use as a textbook for classes on semiconductor device processing and physics at the graduate level.
Book Synopsis An Introduction To Plasmonics by : Olivier Pluchery
Download or read book An Introduction To Plasmonics written by Olivier Pluchery and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2023-08-28 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is a plasmon? Is it a particle, like a photon or a wave? Plasmonics stands at the frontier of condensed matter physics, which is the world of electrons, optics and of photons. Plasmonics is one of the most active fields in nanophotonics. This book begins by exploring the concepts behind waves, and the electromagnetic description of light when it interacts with metals; it dedicates every chapter thereafter to all aspects of plasmonics. In particular, the surface plasmon polariton wave is explained in full detail, as well as the localized surface plasmon resonance of metallic nanoparticles. The active research area opened by plasmonics, as well as its applications, are also briefly explained, such as advanced biosensing, subwavelength waveguiding, quantum plasmonics, nanoparticle-based cancer therapies, optical nano-antenna and high-efficiency photovoltaic cells.The book is adapted for graduate students and places a special emphasis on providing complete explanations of the fundamental concepts of plasmonics. Further, each of these concepts is illustrated with examples drawn from the most recent scientific literature. Each chapter ends with a set of exercises that will help the reader revise the concepts and go deeper into the world of plasmonics. More than 70 exercises are included.
Book Synopsis Faecal Sludge Management by : Linda Strande
Download or read book Faecal Sludge Management written by Linda Strande and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-15 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is estimated that literally billions of residents in urban and peri-urban areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are served by onsite sanitation systems (e.g. various types of latrines and septic tanks). Until recently, the management of faecal sludge from these onsite systems has been grossly neglected, partially as a result of them being considered temporary solutions until sewer-based systems could be implemented. However, the perception of onsite or decentralized sanitation technologies for urban areas is gradually changing, and is increasingly being considered as long-term, sustainable options in urban areas, especially in low- and middle-income countries that lack sewer infrastructures. This is the first book dedicated to faecal sludge management. It compiles the current state of knowledge of the rapidly evolving field of faecal sludge management, and presents an integrated approach that includes technology, management, and planning based on Sandecs 20 years of experience in the field. Faecal Sludge Management: Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation addresses the organization of the entire faecal sludge management service chain, from the collection and transport of sludge, and the current state of knowledge of treatment options, to the final end use or disposal of treated sludge. The book also presents important factors to consider when evaluating and upscaling new treatment technology options. The book is designed for undergraduate and graduate students, and engineers and practitioners in the field who have some basic knowledge of environmental and/or wastewater engineering.
Book Synopsis Human Scale Development by : Manfred A. Max-Neef
Download or read book Human Scale Development written by Manfred A. Max-Neef and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a people-centred approach to development.
Download or read book Agronomie written by and published by . This book was released on 1997-05 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis III-Nitride Semiconductors by : M.O. Manasreh
Download or read book III-Nitride Semiconductors written by M.O. Manasreh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-12-06 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research advances in III-nitride semiconductor materials and device have led to an exponential increase in activity directed towards electronic and optoelectronic applications. There is also great scientific interest in this class of materials because they appear to form the first semiconductor system in which extended defects do not severely affect the optical properties of devices. The volume consists of chapters written by a number of leading researchers in nitride materials and device technology with the emphasis on the dopants incorporations, impurities identifications, defects engineering, defects characterization, ion implantation, irradiation-induced defects, residual stress, structural defects and phonon confinement. This unique volume provides a comprehensive review and introduction of defects and structural properties of GaN and related compounds for newcomers to the field and stimulus to further advances for experienced researchers. Given the current level of interest and research activity directed towards nitride materials and devices, the publication of the volume is particularly timely. Early pioneering work by Pankove and co-workers in the 1970s yielded a metal-insulator-semiconductor GaN light-emitting diode (LED), but the difficulty of producing p-type GaN precluded much further effort. The current level of activity in nitride semiconductors was inspired largely by the results of Akasaki and co-workers and of Nakamura and co-workers in the late 1980s and early 1990s in the development of p-type doping in GaN and the demonstration of nitride-based LEDs at visible wavelengths. These advances were followed by the successful fabrication and commercialization of nitride blue laser diodes by Nakamura et al at Nichia. The chapters contained in this volume constitutes a mere sampling of the broad range of research on nitride semiconductor materials and defect issues currently being pursued in academic, government, and industrial laboratories worldwide.
Download or read book El Niño written by Bruno Voituriez and published by UNESCO. This book was released on 2000 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: El Nino, caprice of the heavens, scapegoat for every calamity? The general public cannot really understand what is behind the El Nino phenomenon. The book offers a tour of the Earth's climate to understand one of its normal but extreme components.
Download or read book Reactor Core Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wave Propagation and Group Velocity by : Léon Brillouin
Download or read book Wave Propagation and Group Velocity written by Léon Brillouin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wave Propagation and Group Velocity contains papers on group velocity which were published during the First World War and are missing in many libraries. It introduces three different definitions of velocities: the group velocity of Lord Rayleigh, the signal velocity of Sommerfeld, and the velocity of energy transfer, which yields the rate of energy flow through a continuous wave and is strongly related to the characteristic impedance. These three velocities are identical for nonabsorbing media, but they differ considerably in an absorption band. Some examples are discussed in the last chapter dealing with guided waves, and many other cases of application of these definitions are quoted. These problems have come again into the foreground, in connection with the propagation of radio signals and radar. Reflection in the Heaviside layers requires a real knowledge of all these different definitions. Group velocity also plays a very important role in wave mechanics and corresponds to the speed of a particle. The present book should be very useful to physicists and radio engineers and should give them a good basis for new discussions and applications.
Book Synopsis Organic Solid-State Lasers by : Sébastien Forget
Download or read book Organic Solid-State Lasers written by Sébastien Forget and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-07-03 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic lasers are broadly tunable coherent sources, potentially compact, convenient and manufactured at low-costs. Appeared in the mid 60’s as solid-state alternatives for liquid dye lasers, they recently gained a new dimension after the demonstration of organic semiconductor lasers in the 90's. More recently, new perspectives appeared at the nanoscale, with organic polariton and surface plasmon lasers. After a brief reminder to laser physics, a first chapter exposes what makes organic solid-state organic lasers specific. The laser architectures used in organic lasers are then reviewed, with a state-of-the-art review of the performances of devices with regard to output power, threshold, lifetime, beam quality etc. A survey of the recent trends in the field is given, highlighting the latest developments with a special focus on the challenges remaining for achieving direct electrical pumping of organic semiconductor lasers. A last chapter covers the applications of organic solid-state lasers.
Book Synopsis Optical Properties Of Graphene by : Rolf Binder
Download or read book Optical Properties Of Graphene written by Rolf Binder and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-11-11 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art overview of the optical properties of graphene. During the past decade, graphene, the most ideal and thinnest of all two-dimensional materials, has become one of the most widely studied materials. Its unique properties hold great promise to revolutionize many electronic, optical and opto-electronic devices. The book contains an introductory tutorial and 13 chapters written by experts in areas ranging from fundamental quantum mechanical properties to opto-electronic device applications of graphene.
