Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Download Computing Methods And The Phase Problem In X Ray Crystal Analysis full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Computing Methods And The Phase Problem In X Ray Crystal Analysis ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author : Ray Pepinsky
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Computing Methods and the Phase Problem in X-ray Crystal Analysis written by Ray Pepinsky and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ray Pepinsky
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (37 download)
Download or read book Computing Methods and the Phase Problem in X-ray Crystal Analysis written by Ray Pepinsky and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J. S. Rollett
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483181324
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)
Download or read book Computing Methods in Crystallography written by J. S. Rollett and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-06 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computing Methods in Crystallography is a collection of lectures delivered at a Summer School, held in Oxford in August 1962. The book presents the underlying mathematics and computing methods in crystallography. The text covers topics on the algebra required for the fundamental operations of transformation of coordinates, interpolation, approximation of trigonometric and exponential functions, solution of linear equations and derivation of latent roots and vectors; methods for calculation of structure factors, least-squares adjustment, and Fourier series evaluation; the theory and practice of intensity scaling and symmetry determination; and methods of direct phase determination. Crystallographers, physicists, and students in allied fields will find the book very useful.
Author : Mark F.C. Ladd
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461501016
Total Pages : 850 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book Structure Determination by X-ray Crystallography written by Mark F.C. Ladd and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I was highly flattered when I was asked by Mark Ladd and Rex Palmer if I would write the Foreword to this Fourth Edition of their book. "Ladd & Palmer" is such a well-known and classic book on the subject of crystal structure determination, one of the standards in the field: I did feel daunted by the prospect, and wondered if I could do justice to it. The determination of crystal structures by X-ray crystallography has come a long way since the 1912 discoveries of von Laue and the Braggs. In the intervening years great advances have been made, so that today it is almost taken for granted that crystal structures can be determined in which hundreds, if not thousands, of sepa rate atomic positions can be found with apparent ease. In the early years the struc tures of relatively simple materials, such as the alkali halides, were often argued over and even disputed, whereas today we routinely see published structures of most complex molecular crystals, including the structures of viruses and proteins.
Author : M. Ladd
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461579368
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book Structure Determination by X-Ray Crystallography written by M. Ladd and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray crystaIlography provides us with the most accurate picture we can get of atomic and molecular structures in crystals. It provides a hard bedrock of structural results in chemistry and in mineralogy. In biology, where the structures are not fuIly crystaIline, it can still provide valuable results and, indeed, the impact here has been revolutionary. It is still an immense field for young workers, and no doubt will provide yet more striking develop ments of a major character. It does, however, require a wide range of inteIlectual application, and a considerable ability in many fields. This book will provide much help. It is a very straightforward and thorough guide to every aspect of the subject. The authors are experienced both as research workers themselves and as teachers of standing, and this is shown in their clarity of exposition. There are plenty of illustrations and worked examples to aid the student to obtain areal grasp of the subject.
Author : George H. Stout
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0471607118
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (716 download)
Download or read book X-Ray Structure Determination written by George H. Stout and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1989-05-08 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Closely follows an actual structural determination. After some introductory material on the nature of x-rays, the diffraction process, and the internal geometry of crystals, the selection and preparation of a crystal are considered. Techniques of measuring raw x-ray data are covered, plus their reduction into a useable form. The second part discusses both traditional and novel methods of solving the ``phase'' problem, the principal difficulty in x-ray structure determination. The third part considers how to extract the most information from the data and how to evaluate its reliability. Finally, there is a discussion of sources of error in practice and interpretation.
Author : Ilya Prigogine
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470144017
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (71 download)
Download or read book Advances in Chemical Physics written by Ilya Prigogine and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-08 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advances in Chemical Physics series provides the chemical physics and physical chemistry fields with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. Filled with cutting-edge research reported in a cohesive manner not found elsewhere in the literature, each volume of the Advances in Chemical Physics series serves as the perfect supplement to any advanced graduate class devoted to the study of chemical physics.
Author : Susan Kieffer
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 1501508865
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Microscopic to Macroscopic written by Susan Kieffer and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 14 of Reviews in Mineralogy covers a short course about the relations among the microscopic structure of minerals and their macroscopic thermodynamic properties. Understanding the micro-to-macro relations provides a rigorous theoretical foundation for formulation of energy relations. With such a foundation, measured parameters can be understood, and extrapolation and prediction of thermodynamic properties beyond the range of measurement can be done with more confidence than if only empirical relations are used. The purpose of this course is to consider the microscopic factors that influence the free energy of minerals: atomic environments, bonding, and crystal structure. These factors influence the structural energy and the detailed nature of the lattice vibrations which are an important source of entropy and enthalpy at temperatures greater than 0 K. The same factors determine the relative energy of different phases, and thereby; the relative stability of different minerals. Configurational entropy terms arising from disorder also contribute to the energy and entropy. In transition metal compounds there are additional energy and entropy terms arising from the electronic configurations, leading to additional stabilizations, magnetic ordering, and, incidentally, color. Organized by Sue Kieffer and Alex Navrotsky, the course was presented by the ten authors of this book on the campus of Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland. This was the second of MSA's short courses to be given in conjunction with meetings of the American Geophysical Union.
Author : B. A. Volynskii
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483181375
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)
Download or read book Analogues for the Solution of Boundary-Value Problems written by B. A. Volynskii and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-17 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analogues for the Solution of Boundary-Value Problems considers the simulation of integral methods of solving boundary-value problems. This book is organized into 11 chapters. After the introduction provided in Chapter I, the formulation of some important engineering problems that reduce to the solution of partial differential equations is reviewed in Chapter II. Chapter III covers the mathematical methods for the solution of problems, such as the thermal problem of electrode graphitization and underground coal gasification. The theory of the physical processes of electrical simulation and principles involved in the construction of analogues is elaborated in Chapter IV, while the measurements in electrical analogues is deliberated in Chapter V. Chapters VI to VIII describe the construction of network analyzers and star-integrating networks. The methods of physical simulation for the solution of certain boundary-value problems are analyzed in Chapter IX. Chapters X and XI are devoted to future improvements and developments in analogues for the solution of boundary-value problems. This publication is intended for college students and specialists engaged in solving boundary-value problems.
Author : Willie E. Clark
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Index to Conferences Relating to Nuclear Science written by Willie E. Clark and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : P.P. Ewald
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146159961X
Total Pages : 735 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book Fifty Years of X-Ray Diffraction written by P.P. Ewald and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 735 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Origin, Scope, and Plan of this Book In July 1962 the fiftieth anniversary of Max von Laue's discovery of the Diffraction of X-rays by crystals is going to be celebrated in Munich by a large international group of crystallographers, physi cists, chemists, spectroscopists, biologists, industrialists, and many others who are employing the methods based on Laue's discovery for their own research. The invitation for this celebration will be issued jointly by the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, where the discovery was made, by the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, where it was first made public, and by the International Union of Crystallo graphy, which is the international organization of the National Committees of Crystallography formed in some 30 countries to repre sent and advance the interests of the 3500 research workers in this field. The year 1912 also is the birth year of two branches of the physical sciences which developed promptly from Laue's discovery, namely X-ray Crystal Structure Analysis which is most closely linked to the names ofW. H. (Sir William) Bragg and W. L. (Sir Lawrence) Bragg, and X-ray Spectroscopy which is associated with the names of W. H. Bragg, H. G. J. Moseley, M. de Broglie and Manne Siegbahn. Crystal Structure Analysis began in November 1912 with the first papers ofW. L. Bragg, then still a student in Cambridge, in which, by analysis of the Laue diagrams _of zinc blende, he determined the correct lattice upon which the structure of this crystal is built.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J.H. Richardson
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323147569
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)
Download or read book Systematic Materials Analysis written by J.H. Richardson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systematic Materials Analysis, Volume IV presents refined instrumental methods available for materials analysis, which involves the complete characterization of a material, including structural and textural analyses in addition to chemical analysis. This volume is composed of 11 chapters. Each chapter on specific instruments outlines the theories of operation and describes their capability for qualitative and quantitative measurements of chemical composition, structure, and texture. The sensitivity and selectivity of each method are emphasized. The specific techniques and instruments covered in this book include the atomic-absorption and atomic-fluorescence flame photometry, ion microprobe, mass spectrometry, neutron diffractometry, polarimetry, polarography, dynamic thermal analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. This book is intended primarily to materials analysts, engineers, researchers, and undergraduate and graduate level students.
Author : Uri Shmueli
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402082054
Total Pages : 704 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (82 download)
Download or read book International Tables for Crystallography, Volume B written by Uri Shmueli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-27 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Tables for Crystallography are no longer available for purchase from Springer. For further information please contact Wiley Inc. (follow the link on the right hand side of this page). Volume B presents accounts of the numerous aspects of reciprocal space in crystallographic research. After an introductory chapter, Part 1 presents the reader with an account of structure-factor formalisms, an extensive treatment of the theory, algorithms and crystallographic applications of Fourier methods, and fundamental as well as advanced treatments of symmetry in reciprocal space. In Part 2, these general accounts are followed by detailed expositions of crystallographic statistics, the theory of direct methods, Patterson techniques, isomorphous replacement and anomalous scattering, and treatments of the role of electron microscopy and diffraction in crystal structure determination, including applications of direct methods to electron crystallography. Part 3 deals with applications of reciprocal space to molecular geometry and `best'-plane calculations, and contains a treatment of the principles of molecular graphics and modelling and their applications. A convergence-acceleration method of importance in the computation of approximate lattice sums is presented and the part concludes with a discussion of the Ewald method. Part 4 contains treatments of various diffuse-scattering phenomena arising from crystal dynamics, disorder and low dimensionality (liquid crystals), and an exposition of the underlying theories and/or experimental evidence. Polymer crystallography and reciprocal-space images of aperiodic crystals are also treated. Part 5 of the volume contains introductory treatments of the theory of the interaction of radiation with matter (dynamical theory) as applied to X-ray, electron and neutron diffraction techniques. The simplified trigonometric expressions for the structure factors in the 230 three-dimensional space groups, which appeared in Volume I of International Tables for X-ray Crystallography, are now given in Appendix 1.4.3 to Chapter 1.4 of this volume. Volume B is a vital addition to the library of scientists engaged in crystal structure determination, crystallographic computing, crystal physics and other fields of crystallographic research. Graduate students specializing in crystallography will find much material suitable for self-study and a rich source of references to the relevant literature.
Author : A. D. Booth
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483147193
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)
Download or read book Digital Computers in Action written by A. D. Booth and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-18 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Digital Computers in Action is an introduction to the basics of digital computers as well as their programming and various applications in fields such as mathematics, science, engineering, economics, medicine, and law. Other topics include engineering automation, process control, special purpose games-playing devices, machine translation and mechanized linguistics, and information retrieval. This book consists of 14 chapters and begins by discussing the history of computers, from the idea of performing complex arithmetical calculations to the emergence of a modern view of the structure of a general purpose computing machine. Some of the most important applications of computers are also considered. This text introduces the structure and capabilities of the modern electronic digital computer; what operations can be performed by a typical machine and how these operations make the process of automatic calculation a useful one; and the uses of digital computers in mathematics, science, engineering, economics, medicine, and law. This book also examines the applications of computers to the automation of production engineering, process control in refinery transportation and the factory, and machine translation and mechanized linguistics. The final chapter deals with the use of computers in information storage and retrieval. This reference material is intended for students who wish to know how computers can be of assistance in their own disciplines.
Author : United States. Bureau of Mines. Technical Library, Pittsburgh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 778 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Catalog of Books and Reports in the Bureau of Mines Technical Library, Pittsburgh, Pa written by United States. Bureau of Mines. Technical Library, Pittsburgh and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : M. F. C. Ladd
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461579333
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book Structure Determination by X-Ray Crystallography written by M. F. C. Ladd and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystallography may be described as the science of the structure of materi als, using this word in its widest sense, and its ramifications are apparent over a broad front of current scientific endeavor. It is not surprising, therefore, to find that most universities offer some aspects of crystallography in their undergraduate courses in the physical sciences. It is the principal aim of this book to present an introduction to structure determination by X-ray crystal lography that is appropriate mainly to both final-year undergraduate studies in crystallography, chemistry, and chemical physics, and introductory post graduate work in this area of crystallography. We believe that the book will be of interest in other disciplines, such as physics, metallurgy, biochemistry, and geology, where crystallography has an important part to play. In the space of one book, it is not possible either to cover all aspects of crystallography or to treat all the subject matter completely rigorously. In particular, certain mathematical results are assumed in order that their applications may be discussed. At the end of each chapter, a short bibliog raphy is given, which may be used to extend the scope of the treatment given here. In addition, reference is made in the text to specific sources of information. We have chosen not to discuss experimental methods extensively, as we consider that this aspect of crystallography is best learned through practical experience, but an attempt has been made to simulate the interpretive side of experimental crystallography in both examples and exercises.
