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Computer Simulation And Analysis Of Chlorine Decay In A Water Distribution Network System With Two Different Concentrations
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Book Synopsis Computer Simulation and Analysis of Chlorine Decay in a Water Distribution Network System with Two Different Concentrations by : Thomas Bardawil
Download or read book Computer Simulation and Analysis of Chlorine Decay in a Water Distribution Network System with Two Different Concentrations written by Thomas Bardawil and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization and Modeling of Chlorine Decay in Distribution Systems by : John J. Vasconcelos
Download or read book Characterization and Modeling of Chlorine Decay in Distribution Systems written by John J. Vasconcelos and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 1996 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences by : Wade H. Shafer
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by Wade H. Shafer and published by Springer. This book was released on 1996-04-30 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS)* at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dis semination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 39 (thesis year 1994) a total of 13,953 thesis titles from 21 Canadian and 159 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this impor tant annual reference work. While Volume 39 reports theses submitted in 1994, on occasion, certain uni versities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
Book Synopsis Management of Regrowth and Modeling Chlorine Residuals in the Madison Water Utility Distribution System by : Ryan Campbell
Download or read book Management of Regrowth and Modeling Chlorine Residuals in the Madison Water Utility Distribution System written by Ryan Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Computer Modeling of Water Distribution Systems by : American Water Works Association
Download or read book Computer Modeling of Water Distribution Systems written by American Water Works Association and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updated from the 1989 version, this manual presents the basics of computerized programs and processes for control and maintenance of a water distribution system. Discussed are operational functions that should be included, how systems should be designed and organized and what operators should be aware of to integrate new data into current systems.
Book Synopsis Path-dependent Approach to Estimate Chlorine Wall Demand Coeffcient in Water Distribution System by :
Download or read book Path-dependent Approach to Estimate Chlorine Wall Demand Coeffcient in Water Distribution System written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel approach to calibrate pipe wall demand coefficients for chlorine decay using an input-output model framework is proposed. The input-output model of water quality in water distribution system developed in this research is presented as a particle (water parcel) backtracking algorithm, which provides information that is not available using traditional simulation approaches: the various paths that water takes between a particular input source and output node, and their associated time delays and impact on output node water quality. Such information constitutes a complete description of the input-output behavior under typical assumption of first-order chemical decay or production reactions. Therefore the chlorine concentration at "downstream" locations can be expressed explicitly as a function of concentration at "upstream" locations, and pipe wall demand coefficients. This not only expedites the computational efficiency of the parameter estimation algorithm, but frees the field study to consider chlorine concentration sampling at any location in a network. Chlorine measurement and hydraulic model errors will cause uncertainty in wall demand coefficient estimates and this should be taken into consideration in sampling design. In this research, sensitivity-based method is developed to select chlorine measurement locations for the purpose of getting reliableestimates of wall demand coefficients. The impact of hydraulic error on wall demand coefficient estimation of different designs is compared using a heuristic representing the sensitivity of modeled chlorine concentration to hydraulic error. Chlorine measurement errors are also considered and a D-optimal design algorithm is applied to select chlorine measurement locations. This proposed approach is suboptimal, yet efficient and practical, and considers both hydraulic and chlorine measurement errors. A field study is conducted in a southern U.S. utility as an application of the parameter estimation approach. A tracer study is implemented and the conductivity measurements are used to calibrate an existing hydraulic model through a manual approach. Chlorine concentrations are monitored continuously both at water source and within the distribution system. The wall demand coefficient is calibrated, assuming all pipes have the same demand coefficient.
Book Synopsis Modeling Chlorine Decay in Dead Ends of Water Distribution Systems Under Generalized Intermittent Flow Conditions by : Andreas Richter
Download or read book Modeling Chlorine Decay in Dead Ends of Water Distribution Systems Under Generalized Intermittent Flow Conditions written by Andreas Richter and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dead-end zones of water distribution network pose special challenges for chlorine distribution modeling: Long residence times and varying flow rates can lead to significantly reduced chlorine levels or varying concentration profiles. Currently, no chlorine transport model is able to address these problems correctly. In this work, a generalized unsteady state chlorine transport model was developed, accounting for transport by diffusion and convection and for chlorine reaction in the bulk water or at the wall. The resulting partial differential equation was solved numerically using an Alternating Difference Implicit(ADI) scheme. Furthermore, experiments were conducted at a pilot scale dead-end distribution system. The results were analyzed to detail the bulk reaction mechanism and to obtain model parameters. Additionally, example model calculations of theoretical and experimental unsteady flow profiles are shown and analyzed. The model was found to generally represent the behavior in dead-end zones of water distribution networks very well. The quality of the model results was found to be influenced by the confidence in the model parameters.
Book Synopsis Feedback Control Booster Chlorination Systems by : James G. Uber
Download or read book Feedback Control Booster Chlorination Systems written by James G. Uber and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report presents a foundation of feedback control algorithms and associated modeling tools. This foundation is necessary for the future development of utility-specific control schemes. The ultimate vision adopted in the report is one of a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) feedback control system, where booster chlorination stations are distributed at key points in the system and are fed information from distributed chlorine sensors located in critical areas. The report also presents the elements of a comprehensive design method for distributed chlorine controller design.Originally published by AwwaRF for its subscribers in 2003 This publication can be purchased and downloaded via Pay Per View on Water Intelligence Online - click on the Pay Per View icon below
Book Synopsis Analysis of Water Distribution Networks by : Pramod R. Bhave
Download or read book Analysis of Water Distribution Networks written by Pramod R. Bhave and published by Alpha Science Int'l Ltd.. This book was released on 2006 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of a Water Distribution Network may be necessary to know its behaviour under normal and deficient conditions and the design of a new network. Various methods such as Hardy Cross, Newton-Raphson, Linear Theory, and Gradient for static and time-dependent (extended period) analyses are described with small illustrative examples. The book also covers analysis considering withdrawal along links, head-dependent and performance-based analyses, calibration of existing networks, water quality modeling, analysis considering uncertainty of parameters, and reliability analysis of water distribution networks. Brief description of available computer softwares is also given.
Book Synopsis Maintaining Distribution System Residuals Through Booster Chlorination by : James G. Uber
Download or read book Maintaining Distribution System Residuals Through Booster Chlorination written by James G. Uber and published by IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc). This book was released on 2004 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this project was to discuss the potential advantages associated with booster disinfection, the kinetics of chlorine decay and trihalomethane (THM) formation under rechlorination conditions, and the use of network hydraulic and water quality models to locate booster disinfection stations and determine their dose characteristics. The following are highlights from the research: A laboratory procedure was proposed for analyzing chlorine decay under simulated booster conditions. An initial set of experiments evaluated disinfectant decay under booster conditions, and found it to be dependent on both the magnitude and time of the boost dose. THM formation under booster conditions showed no long-term reduction for any set of results, indicating THM formation is not solely dependent on disinfectant concentration. In booster chloramination, boosting with chlorine appeared to be very successful at producing and maintaining a low ammonia concentration by recombining with the ammonia formed from chloramine decay. A second-order model, including a reaction component that represents natural organic matter, was developed to describe chlorine decay and THM formation under booster conditions. A method was developed to determine good locations and schedules for multiple booster doses by a systematic evaluation of alternative designs using network models. By exploring the disinfection decay kinetics under rechlorination, and developing methods for booster chlorination systems design, the project results will assist utilities and consultants in making better use of booster disinfection as a residual maintenance approach. Originally published by AwwaRF for its subscribers in 2003
Book Synopsis Computer Simulation of Chlorine Residuals in Water Distribution Systems by : Wayne A. Wheeler
Download or read book Computer Simulation of Chlorine Residuals in Water Distribution Systems written by Wayne A. Wheeler and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integrated Computer Applications in Water Supply: Applications and implementations for systems operation and management by : Bryan Coulbeck
Download or read book Integrated Computer Applications in Water Supply: Applications and implementations for systems operation and management written by Bryan Coulbeck and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1993 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two volumes of this set are based on the proceedings of the De Montfort University conference, Integrated Computer Applications for Water Supply and Distribution 1993. This volume shows how advanced computer techniques can be applied within the water industry.
Book Synopsis Modeling Vulnerability and Effectiveness of Chlorination in Drinking Water Distribution Systems by : Refet Sinem Atgin
Download or read book Modeling Vulnerability and Effectiveness of Chlorination in Drinking Water Distribution Systems written by Refet Sinem Atgin and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Residual chlorines are provided in water distribution systems to maintain the inactivation of pathogens intruded into network. The effectiveness of chlorine residuals on pathogen removal can be determined using system vulnerability assessment. The effectiveness of chlorination was determined separately and it was determined as higher than that of the distribution and dilution for two case networks studied. CT (Chlorine Residual Concentration x Contact Time) value which is used as an important criterion to assess the inactivation of pathogens, is complicated to be determined for distribution networks due to varying residence times and chlorine concentrations. The relation of CT value with the removal ratio of pathogens was used to estimate CT value for distribution networks. The results of case studies indicate that CT value determined for a distribution network does not only depend on concentration and contact time of chlorine residuals but also temperature, pH and intrusion location and duration.
Book Synopsis Drinking Water Distribution Systems by : National Research Council
Download or read book Drinking Water Distribution Systems written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-22 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protecting and maintaining water distributions systems is crucial to ensuring high quality drinking water. Distribution systems-consisting of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings, and other hydraulic appurtenances-carry drinking water from a centralized treatment plant or well supplies to consumers' taps. Spanning almost 1 million miles in the United States, distribution systems represent the vast majority of physical infrastructure for water supplies, and thus constitute the primary management challenge from both an operational and public health standpoint. Recent data on waterborne disease outbreaks suggest that distribution systems remain a source of contamination that has yet to be fully addressed. This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events in distribution systems. Particular attention is given to backflow events via cross connections, the potential for contamination of the distribution system during construction and repair activities, maintenance of storage facilities, and the role of premise plumbing in public health risk. The report also identifies advances in detection, monitoring and modeling, analytical methods, and research and development opportunities that will enable the water supply industry to further reduce risks associated with drinking water distribution systems.
Book Synopsis Fractional Order Systems by : Ahmad Taher Azar
Download or read book Fractional Order Systems written by Ahmad Taher Azar and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 741 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fractional Order Systems: Optimization, Control, Circuit Realizations and Applications consists of 21 contributed chapters by subject experts. Chapters offer practical solutions and novel methods for recent research problems in the multidisciplinary applications of fractional order systems, such as FPGA, circuits, memristors, control algorithms, photovoltaic systems, robot manipulators, oscillators, etc. This book is ideal for researchers working in the modeling and applications of both continuous-time and discrete-time dynamics and chaotic systems. Researchers from academia and industry who are working in research areas such as control engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, and information technology will find the book most informative. Discusses multi-disciplinary applications with new fundamentals, modeling, analysis, design, realization and experimental results Includes new circuits and systems based on the new nonlinear elements Covers most of the linear and nonlinear fractional-order theorems that will solve many scientific issues for researchers Closes the gap between theoretical approaches and real-world applications Provides MATLAB® and Simulink code for many of the applications in the book
Book Synopsis Modeling of Chlorine Concentration in Unsteady Flows in Pipe Networks by : M. Rashidul Islam
Download or read book Modeling of Chlorine Concentration in Unsteady Flows in Pipe Networks written by M. Rashidul Islam and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a computer model to predict the spatial and temporal distribution of chlorine residuals in a pipe network under slowly varying, unsteady flow conditions. The model uses a steady-state analysis of two pipe networks to determine the initial conditions. The dynamic governing equations including the inertial effects are then solved subject to the proper boundary conditions.
Book Synopsis Development of a Chlorine Decay and Trihalomethane Formation Modeling Protocol Using Initial Distribution System Evaluation Data by : James P. Cooper
Download or read book Development of a Chlorine Decay and Trihalomethane Formation Modeling Protocol Using Initial Distribution System Evaluation Data written by James P. Cooper and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently many water distribution systems (WDS) developed and calibrated extended period simulation model to assist in the Initial Distribution System Evaluation (IDSE). The IDSE is the first phase of the Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts (D/DBP) Rule promulgated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The purpose of the IDSE was to identify locations within the WDS for Stage 2 D/DBP compliance monitoring. This research aided two northern Ohio distribution systems in completion of the IDSE requirements and further develops the models to predict chlorine residuals and trihalomethane (THM) concentrations.Existing models were utilized as a base and updated with data collected during extensive field studies. A Form 4: Modeling Study Plan, which provides justification that the models meet minimum calibration requirements was submitted and approved by the USEPA. The updated models were utilized to select Stage 2 D/DBP future monitoring locations. Drafts of Form 5: IDSE Report for a Modeling SSS were completed for each system.First-order reaction expressions were developed to estimate the effects of bulk reactions and reactions occurring along the surface of the distribution system pipes (wall) for free chlorine decay and THM formation. Most reaction expressions that utilize a global wall reaction rate coefficient in units of inverse time do not accurately represent the proportion of reactions occurring along the wall. As a chemical travels through a pipe, wall reactions within larger diameter pipes will have less of an effect on the overall reaction than when flowing through a smaller diameter pipe. This is because the ratio of the pipe surface to a unit volume of water is not constant throughout the distribution system. This is, however, constant given a specific flow path from the point of entry into the distribution system to any fixed point, such as a sampling location. In order to account for this wall reaction variability, a series of flow path diameter fractions are employed within the chlorine decay and THM formation expressions. A probabilistic approach using Bayesian statistics is then utilized to estimate the bulk and wall reaction coefficients. The flow path specific expressions better predicted actual data.
