Complementarity Modeling in Energy Markets

Download Complementarity Modeling in Energy Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441961232
Total Pages : 637 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Complementarity Modeling in Energy Markets by : Steven A. Gabriel

Download or read book Complementarity Modeling in Energy Markets written by Steven A. Gabriel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-20 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This addition to the ISOR series introduces complementarity models in a straightforward and approachable manner and uses them to carry out an in-depth analysis of energy markets, including formulation issues and solution techniques. In a nutshell, complementarity models generalize: a. optimization problems via their Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions b. on-cooperative games in which each player may be solving a separate but related optimization problem with potentially overall system constraints (e.g., market-clearing conditions) c. conomic and engineering problems that aren’t specifically derived from optimization problems (e.g., spatial price equilibria) d. roblems in which both primal and dual variables (prices) appear in the original formulation (e.g., The National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) or its precursor, PIES). As such, complementarity models are a very general and flexible modeling format. A natural question is why concentrate on energy markets for this complementarity approach? s it turns out, energy or other markets that have game theoretic aspects are best modeled by complementarity problems. The reason is that the traditional perfect competition approach no longer applies due to deregulation and restructuring of these markets and thus the corresponding optimization problems may no longer hold. Also, in some instances it is important in the original model formulation to involve both primal variables (e.g., production) as well as dual variables (e.g., market prices) for public and private sector energy planning. Traditional optimization problems can not directly handle this mixing of primal and dual variables but complementarity models can and this makes them all that more effective for decision-makers.

Competitive Electricity Markets

Download Competitive Electricity Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080557716
Total Pages : 625 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Competitive Electricity Markets by : Fereidoon Sioshansi

Download or read book Competitive Electricity Markets written by Fereidoon Sioshansi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-10-10 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After 2 decades, policymakers and regulators agree that electricity market reform, liberalization and privatization remains partly art. Moreover, the international experience suggests that in nearly all cases, initial market reform leads to unintended consequences or introduces new risks, which must be addressed in subsequent “reform of the reforms. Competitive Electricity Markets describes the evolution of the market reform process including a number of challenging issues such as infrastructure investment, resource adequacy, capacity and demand participation, market power, distributed generation, renewable energy and global climate change. Sequel to Electricity Market Reform: An International Perspective in the same series published in 2006 Contributions from renowned scholars and practitioners on significant electricity market design and implementation issues Covers timely topics on the evolution of electricity market liberalization worldwide

Modelling Prices in Competitive Electricity Markets

Download Modelling Prices in Competitive Electricity Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Modelling Prices in Competitive Electricity Markets by : Derek W. Bunn

Download or read book Modelling Prices in Competitive Electricity Markets written by Derek W. Bunn and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-04-02 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electricity markets are structurally different to other commodities, and the real-time dynamic balancing of the electricity network involves many external factors. Because of this, it is not a simple matter to transfer conventional models of financial time series analysis to wholesale electricity prices. The rationale for this compilation of chapters from international authors is, therefore, to provide econometric analysis of wholesale power markets around the world, to give greater understanding of their particular characteristics, and to assess the applicability of various methods of price modelling. Researchers and professionals in this sector will find the book an invaluable guide to the most important state-of-the-art modelling techniques which are converging to define the special approaches necessary for unravelling and forecasting the behaviour of electricity prices. It is a high-quality synthesis of the work of financial engineering, industrial economics and power systems analysis, as they relate to the behaviour of competitive electricity markets.

Economics of Electricity

Download Economics of Electricity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107185653
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Economics of Electricity by : Anna Cretì

Download or read book Economics of Electricity written by Anna Cretì and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-30 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains the economics of electricity at each step of the supply chain: production, transportation and distribution, and retail.

Modeling and Optimization of Interdependent Energy Infrastructures

Download Modeling and Optimization of Interdependent Energy Infrastructures PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030259587
Total Pages : 722 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Modeling and Optimization of Interdependent Energy Infrastructures by : Wei Wei

Download or read book Modeling and Optimization of Interdependent Energy Infrastructures written by Wei Wei and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-22 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book opens up new ways to develop mathematical models and optimization methods for interdependent energy infrastructures, ranging from the electricity network, natural gas network, district heating network, and electrified transportation network. The authors provide methods to help analyze, design, and operate the integrated energy system more efficiently and reliably, and constitute a foundational basis for decision support tools for the next-generation energy network. Chapters present new operation models of the coupled energy infrastructure and the application of new methodologies including convex optimization, robust optimization, and equilibrium constrained optimization. Four appendices provide students and researchers with helpful tutorials on advanced optimization methods: Basics of Linear and Conic Programs; Formulation Tricks in Integer Programming; Basics of Robust Optimization; Equilibrium Problems. This book provides theoretical foundation and technical applications for energy system integration, and the the interdisciplinary research presented will be useful to readers in many fields including electrical engineering, civil engineering, and industrial engineering.

Integrating Renewables in Electricity Markets

Download Integrating Renewables in Electricity Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461494117
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Integrating Renewables in Electricity Markets by : Juan M. Morales

Download or read book Integrating Renewables in Electricity Markets written by Juan M. Morales and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-03 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This addition to the ISOR series addresses the analytics of the operations of electric energy systems with increasing penetration of stochastic renewable production facilities, such as wind- and solar-based generation units. As stochastic renewable production units become ubiquitous throughout electric energy systems, an increasing level of flexible backup provided by non-stochastic units and other system agents is needed if supply security and quality are to be maintained. Within the context above, this book provides up-to-date analytical tools to address challenging operational problems such as: • The modeling and forecasting of stochastic renewable power production. • The characterization of the impact of renewable production on market outcomes. • The clearing of electricity markets with high penetration of stochastic renewable units. • The development of mechanisms to counteract the variability and unpredictability of stochastic renewable units so that supply security is not at risk. • The trading of the electric energy produced by stochastic renewable producers. • The association of a number of electricity production facilities, stochastic and others, to increase their competitive edge in the electricity market. • The development of procedures to enable demand response and to facilitate the integration of stochastic renewable units. This book is written in a modular and tutorial manner and includes many illustrative examples to facilitate its comprehension. It is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of electric energy systems, applied mathematics and economics. Practitioners in the electric energy sector will benefit as well from the concepts and techniques explained in this book.

Electricity Markets

Download Electricity Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119179378
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Electricity Markets by : Jeremy Lin

Download or read book Electricity Markets written by Jeremy Lin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-08-30 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive resource that provides the basic concepts of electric power systems, microeconomics, and optimization techniques Electricity Markets: Theories and Applications offers students and practitioners a clear understanding of the fundamental concepts of the economic theories, particularly microeconomic theories, as well as information on some advanced optimization methods of electricity markets. The authors—noted experts in the field—cover the basic drivers for the transformation of the electricity industry in both the United States and around the world and discuss the fundamentals of power system operation, electricity market design and structures, and electricity market operations. The text also explores advanced topics of power system operations and electricity market design and structure including zonal versus nodal pricing, market performance and market power issues, transmission pricing, and the emerging problems electricity markets face in smart grid and micro-grid environments. The authors also examine system planning under the context of electricity market regime. They explain the new ways to solve problems with the tremendous amount of economic data related to power systems that is now available. This important resource: Introduces fundamental economic concepts necessary to understand the operations and functions of electricity markets Presents basic characteristics of power systems and physical laws governing operation Includes mathematical optimization methods related to electricity markets and their applications to practical market clearing issues Electricity Markets: Theories and Applications is an authoritative text that explores the basic concepts of the economic theories and key information on advanced optimization methods of electricity markets.

Restructured Electric Power Systems

Download Restructured Electric Power Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118017072
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Restructured Electric Power Systems by : Xiao-Ping Zhang

Download or read book Restructured Electric Power Systems written by Xiao-Ping Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-10-15 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest practical applications of electricity market equilibrium models in analyzing electricity markets Electricity market deregulation is driving the power energy production from a monopolistic structure into a competitive market environment. The development of electricity markets has necessitated the need to analyze market behavior and power. Restructured Electric Power Systems reviews the latest developments in electricity market equilibrium models and discusses the application of such models in the practical analysis and assessment of electricity markets. Drawing upon the extensive involvement in the research and industrial development of the leading experts in the subject area, the book starts by explaining the current developments of electrical power systems towards smart grids and then relates the operation and control technologies to the aspects in electricity markets. It explores: The problems of electricity market behavior and market power Mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) and equilibrium problems with equilibrium constraints (EPEC) Tools and techniques for solving the electricity market equilibrium problems Various electricity market equilibrium models State-of-the-art techniques for computing the electricity market equilibrium problems The application of electricity market equilibrium models in assessing the economic benefits of transmission expansions for market environments, forward and spot markets, short-term power system security, and analysis of reactive power impact Also featured are computational resources to allow readers to develop algorithms on their own, as well as future research directions in modeling and computational techniques in electricity market analysis. Restructured Electric Power Systems is an invaluable reference for electrical engineers and power system economists from power utilities and for professors, postgraduate students, and undergraduate students in electrical power engineering, as well as those responsible for the design, engineering, research, and development of competitive electricity markets and electricity market policy.

Local Electricity Markets

Download Local Electricity Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128226668
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Local Electricity Markets by : Tiago Pinto

Download or read book Local Electricity Markets written by Tiago Pinto and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-07-03 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Local Electricity Markets introduces the fundamental characteristics, needs, and constraints shaping the design and implementation of local electricity markets. It addresses current proposed local market models and lessons from their limited practical implementation. The work discusses relevant decision and informatics tools considered important in the implementation of local electricity markets. It also includes a review on management and trading platforms, including commercially available tools. Aspects of local electricity market infrastructure are identified and discussed, including physical and software infrastructure. It discusses the current regulatory frameworks available for local electricity market development internationally. The work concludes with a discussion of barriers and opportunities for local electricity markets in the future. - Delineates key components shaping the design and implementation of local electricity market structure - Provides a coherent view on the enabling infrastructures and technologies that underpin local market expansion - Explores the current regulatory environment for local electricity markets drawn from a global panel of contributors - Exposes future paths toward widespread implementation of local electricity markets using an empirical review of barriers and opportunities - Reviews relevant local electricity market case studies, pilots and demonstrators already deployed and under implementation

Investment in Electricity Generation and Transmission

Download Investment in Electricity Generation and Transmission PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319295012
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Investment in Electricity Generation and Transmission by : Antonio J. Conejo

Download or read book Investment in Electricity Generation and Transmission written by Antonio J. Conejo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-10 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an in-depth analysis of investment problems pertaining to electric energy infrastructure, including both generation and transmission facilities. The analysis encompasses decision-making tools for expansion planning, reinforcement, and the selection and timing of investment options. In this regard, the book provides an up-to-date description of analytical tools to address challenging investment questions such as: How can we expand and/or reinforce our aging electricity transmission infrastructure? How can we expand the transmission network of a given region to integrate significant amounts of renewable generation? How can we expand generation facilities to achieve a low-carbon electricity production system? How can we expand the generation system while ensuring appropriate levels of flexibility to accommodate both demand-related and production-related uncertainties? How can we choose among alternative production facilities? What is the right time to invest in a given production or transmission facility? Written in a tutorial style and modular format, the book includes a wealth of illustrative examples to facilitate comprehension. It is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of electric energy systems, operations research, management science, and economics. Practitioners in the electric energy sector will also benefit from the concepts and techniques presented here.

Convex Optimization of Power Systems

Download Convex Optimization of Power Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 131624069X
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (162 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Convex Optimization of Power Systems by : Joshua Adam Taylor

Download or read book Convex Optimization of Power Systems written by Joshua Adam Taylor and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-02-12 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimization is ubiquitous in power system engineering. Drawing on powerful, modern tools from convex optimization, this rigorous exposition introduces essential techniques for formulating linear, second-order cone, and semidefinite programming approximations to the canonical optimal power flow problem, which lies at the heart of many different power system optimizations. Convex models in each optimization class are then developed in parallel for a variety of practical applications like unit commitment, generation and transmission planning, and nodal pricing. Presenting classical approximations and modern convex relaxations side-by-side, and a selection of problems and worked examples, this is an invaluable resource for students and researchers from industry and academia in power systems, optimization, and control.

Modeling Mineral and Energy Markets

Download Modeling Mineral and Energy Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461551013
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Modeling Mineral and Energy Markets by : Walter C. Labys

Download or read book Modeling Mineral and Energy Markets written by Walter C. Labys and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a framework for analyzing and forecasting a variety of mineral and energy markets and related industries. Such modeling activity has been at the forefront of the economic and engineering professions for some time, having received a major stimulus fC?llowing the first oil price shock in 1973. Since that time, other shocks have affected these markets and industries, causing disequilibrium economic adjustments which are difficult to analyze and to predict. Moreover, geopolitics remains an important factor which can destabilize crude oil markets and associated refining industries. Mineral and energy modeling, consequently, has become a major interest of energy-related corporations, mining and drilling companies, metal manufacturers, public utilities, investment banks,. national government agencies and international organizations. This book hopes to advance mineral and energy modeling as follows: (1) The modeling process is presented sequentially by leading the model builder from model specification, estimation, simulation, and validation to practical model applications, including explaining history, analyzing policy, and market and price forecasting; (2) New developments in modeling approaches are presented which encompass econometric market and industry models, spatial equilibrium and programming models, optimal resource depletion models, input-output models, economic sector models, and macro oriented energy interaction models (including computable general equilibrium); (3) The verification and application of the models is considered not only individually but also in relation to the performance of alternative modeling approaches; and (4) The modeling framework includes a perspective on new directions, so that the present model building advice will extend into the future.

Analysis of Environmental Policy in the Power Sector

Download Analysis of Environmental Policy in the Power Sector PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030448665
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Analysis of Environmental Policy in the Power Sector by : Yihsu Chen

Download or read book Analysis of Environmental Policy in the Power Sector written by Yihsu Chen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-25 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers game-theoretic approaches to analyzing policies for environmental regulation in the power sector. The scope includes operational and investment decisions in imperfectly competitive electricity markets as well as transmission planning and policy design. Given this context, this book synthesizes equilibrium and bi-level modeling to address challenging research questions such as: • How are power-plant operations affected by carbon policy, such as cap-and-trade (C&T) systems? • How does market power in electricity generation affect market outcomes and CO2 emissions? • How does a strategic firm with first-mover advantage manipulate both electricity and C&T permit prices? • How does a strategic firm with first-mover advantage invest in new generation capacity under a C&T system? • How does sustainable transmission planning adapt to an imperfectly competitive power sector? • How should a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) target be revised in an imperfectly competitive power sector? This book includes plenty of illustrative examples to facilitate the concepts’ comprehension. It is intended to make equilibrium and bi-level models adapted for policy assessment accessible to graduate students, academic researchers, industry practitioners, and policy analysts.

Decision Making Under Uncertainty in Electricity Markets

Download Decision Making Under Uncertainty in Electricity Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441974210
Total Pages : 549 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Decision Making Under Uncertainty in Electricity Markets by : Antonio J. Conejo

Download or read book Decision Making Under Uncertainty in Electricity Markets written by Antonio J. Conejo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-08 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decision Making Under Uncertainty in Electricity Markets provides models and procedures to be used by electricity market agents to make informed decisions under uncertainty. These procedures rely on well established stochastic programming models, which make them efficient and robust. Particularly, these techniques allow electricity producers to derive offering strategies for the pool and contracting decisions in the futures market. Retailers use these techniques to derive selling prices to clients and energy procurement strategies through the pool, the futures market and bilateral contracting. Using the proposed models, consumers can derive the best energy procurement strategies using the available trading floors. The market operator can use the techniques proposed in this book to clear simultaneously energy and reserve markets promoting efficiency and equity. The techniques described in this book are of interest for professionals working on energy markets, and for graduate students in power engineering, applied mathematics, applied economics, and operations research.

Virtual Power Plants and Electricity Markets

Download Virtual Power Plants and Electricity Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030476022
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Virtual Power Plants and Electricity Markets by : Luis Baringo

Download or read book Virtual Power Plants and Electricity Markets written by Luis Baringo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a detailed analysis of operation and planning problems faced by virtual power plants participating in different electricity markets. The chapters address in-depth, topics such as: optimization, market power, expansion, and modelling uncertainty in operation and planning problems of virtual power plants. The book provides an up-to-date description of decision-making tools to address challenging questions faced by virtual power plants such as: How can virtual power plants optimize their participation in electricity markets? How can a virtual power plant exercise market power? How can virtual power plants be optimally expanded? How can uncertainty be efficiently modelled in the operation and planning problems of virtual power plants? The book is written in a tutorial style and modular format, and includes many illustrative examples to facilitate comprehension. It is intended for a diverse audience including advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of electric energy systems, operations research, and economics. Practitioners in the energy sector will also benefit from the concepts and techniques presented in this book. In particular, this book: Provides students with the GAMS codes to solve the examples in the book; Provides a basis for the formulation of decision-making problems under uncertainty; Contains a blend of theoretical concepts and practical applications that are developed as working algorithms.

Advances in Energy Systems Engineering

Download Advances in Energy Systems Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319428039
Total Pages : 837 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Energy Systems Engineering by : Georgios M. Kopanos

Download or read book Advances in Energy Systems Engineering written by Georgios M. Kopanos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-17 with total page 837 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a scientific framework for integrated solutions to complex energy problems. It adopts a holistic, systems-based approach to demonstrate the potential of an energy systems engineering approach to systematically quantify different options at various levels of complexity (technology, plant, energy supply chain, mega-system). Utilizing modeling, simulation and optimization-based frameworks, along with a number of real-life applications, it focuses on advanced energy systems including energy supply chains, integrated biorefineries, energy planning and scheduling approaches and urban energy systems. Featuring contributions from leading researchers in the field, this work is useful for academics, researchers, industry practitioners in energy systems engineering, and all those who are involved in model-based energy systems.

The Economics of Electricity Markets

Download The Economics of Electricity Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118775724
Total Pages : 493 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (187 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Economics of Electricity Markets by : Darryl R. Biggar

Download or read book The Economics of Electricity Markets written by Darryl R. Biggar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-07-10 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridges the knowledge gap between engineering and economics in a complex and evolving deregulated electricity industry, enabling readers to understand, operate, plan and design a modern power system With an accessible and progressive style written in straight-forward language, this book covers everything an engineer or economist needs to know to understand, operate within, plan and design an effective liberalized electricity industry, thus serving as both a useful teaching text and a valuable reference. The book focuses on principles and theory which are independent of any one market design. It outlines where the theory is not implemented in practice, perhaps due to other over-riding concerns. The book covers the basic modelling of electricity markets, including the impact of uncertainty (an integral part of generation investment decisions and transmission cost-benefit analysis). It draws out the parallels to the Nordpool market (an important point of reference for Europe). Written from the perspective of the policy-maker, the first part provides the introductory background knowledge required. This includes an understanding of basic economics concepts such as supply and demand, monopoly, market power and marginal cost. The second part of the book asks how a set of generation, load, and transmission resources should be efficiently operated, and the third part focuses on the generation investment decision. Part 4 addresses the question of the management of risk and Part 5 discusses the question of market power. Any power system must be operated at all times in a manner which can accommodate the next potential contingency. This demands responses by generators and loads on a very short timeframe. Part 6 of the book addresses the question of dispatch in the very short run, introducing the distinction between preventive and corrective actions and why preventive actions are sometimes required. The seventh part deals with pricing issues that arise under a regionally-priced market, such as the Australian NEM. This section introduces the notion of regions and interconnectors and how to formulate constraints for the correct pricing outcomes (the issue of "constraint orientation"). Part 8 addresses the fundamental and difficult issue of efficient transmission investment, and finally Part 9 covers issues that arise in the retail market. Bridges the gap between engineering and economics in electricity, covering both the economics and engineering knowledge needed to accurately understand, plan and develop the electricity market Comprehensive coverage of all the key topics in the economics of electricity markets Covers the latest research and policy issues as well as description of the fundamental concepts and principles that can be applied across all markets globally Numerous worked examples and end-of-chapter problems Companion website holding solutions to problems set out in the book, also the relevant simulation (GAMS) codes