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Combating Eutrophication In The Baltic Sea
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Book Synopsis Combatting Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea: Legal Aspects of Sea-Based Engineering Measures by : Henrik Ringbom
Download or read book Combatting Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea: Legal Aspects of Sea-Based Engineering Measures written by Henrik Ringbom and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article explores the legal framework under international, European and national law for various measures aimed at improving the marine environment of the Baltic Sea by reducing the leakage of phosphorus from the seabed.
Book Synopsis Combating Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea by :
Download or read book Combating Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Baltic Sea is one of the world's most polluted seas. Combating eutrophication, which is caused by nutrient loads mainly from agriculture and urban waste water, poses a significant challenge. Under the Helsinki Convention, all bordering EU Member States and non-EU countries, as well as the EU, are engaged in the environmental protection of the Baltic Sea. The EU legal framework requires Member States to implement measures to combat excessive loads of nutrients and to achieve the good environmental status of marine waters. The EU co-finances some of those measures. The Court examined whether the EU actions have been effective in helping Member States to reduce nutrient loads into the Baltic Sea. We concluded that these actions have led to limited progress towards nutrient reduction in the Baltic Sea. We make a number of recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the actions combating eutrophication in the Baltic Sea.
Book Synopsis Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea by : Lars Håkanson
Download or read book Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea written by Lars Håkanson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-26 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years the reduction of eutrophication in the Baltic Sea has been a hot issue for mass-media, science, political parties and environmental action groups with manifold implications related to fisheries (will the Baltic cod survive?), sustainable coastal development (have billions of Euros been wasted on nitrogen reductions?), ecotoxicology (can we safely eat Baltic fish?). This book takes a holistic process-based ecosystem perspective on the eutrophication in the Baltic Sea, with a focus on the factors regulating how the system would respond to changes in nutrient loading. This includes a very special process for the Baltic Sea: land uplift. After being depressed by the glacial ice, the land is now slowly rising adding vast amounts of previously deposited nutrients and clay particles to the system. 110,000 to 140,000 tons of phosphorus per year are added to the system from land uplift, in comparison to the 30,000 tons of phosphorus per year from rivers.
Book Synopsis Environmental economic research as a tool in the protection of the Baltic Sea by : Kari Hyytiäinen
Download or read book Environmental economic research as a tool in the protection of the Baltic Sea written by Kari Hyytiäinen and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2014-03-21 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews the findings of an ecological/economic analyses regarding the on-going and prospective efforts to reduce eutrophication of the Baltic Sea, conducted by BalticSTERN, an international research network. The results indicate that the overall benefits of fulfilling the targets of the HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) clearly outweigh their aggregate costs, suggesting that the BSAP is an economically sound plan for solving the transboundary eutrophication problem. The cost of inaction - not implementing the objectives of the BSAP - would be significant.
Book Synopsis Clean Coastal Waters by : National Research Council
Download or read book Clean Coastal Waters written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-17 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead. Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication. Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.
Book Synopsis Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea by : Michael Gilek
Download or read book Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea written by Michael Gilek and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-21 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume presents a comprehensive and coherent interdisciplinary analysis of challenges and possibilities for sustainable governance of the Baltic Sea ecosystem by combining knowledge and approaches from natural and social sciences. Focusing on the Ecosystem Approach to Management (EAM) and associated multi-level, multi-sector and multi-actor challenges, the book provides up-to-date descriptions and analyses of environmental governance structures and processes at the macro-regional Baltic Sea level. Organised in two parts, Part 1 presents in-depth case studies of environmental governance practices and challenges linked to five key environmental problems - eutrophication, chemical pollution, overfishing, oil discharges and invasive species. Part 2 analyses and compares governance challenges and opportunities across the five case studies, focusing on governance structures and EAM implementation, knowledge integration and science support, as well as stakeholder communication and participation. Based on these cross-case comparisons, this book also draws a set of general conclusions on possible ways of improving the governance of the Baltic Sea by promoting what are identified as vital functions of environmental governance: coordination, integration, interdisciplinarity, precaution, deliberation, communication and adaptability.
Book Synopsis Optimizing Nitrogen Management in Food and Energy Production and Environmental Protection by : J. Galloway
Download or read book Optimizing Nitrogen Management in Food and Energy Production and Environmental Protection written by J. Galloway and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 1042 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of food and energy interfere with the natural nitrogen cycle of the earth. Many of these changes are beneficial, while others are detrimental to societies and the environment. The changing nature of nitrogen in the global environment crosses scientific disciplines, geographical boundaries and political divisions and challenges the creative minds of natural and social scientists, economists, engineers, business leaders and planners. The papers in this book give readers a panoramic view of the changing nature of reactive nitrogen in the global environment, enabling them to make better choices about nitrogen management in food production and consumption, energy production and use, and environmental protection.
Download or read book Managing a Sea written by Ing-Marie Gren and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2000 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Book Synopsis Ecosystems and Living Resources of the Baltic Sea by : Evald Ojaveer
Download or read book Ecosystems and Living Resources of the Baltic Sea written by Evald Ojaveer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-08 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a reconstruction of the formation of the environmental conditions and biota in the present-day Baltic Sea area during the last glacial cycle and thereafter under the influence of extra-terrestrial, climatic and geological factors. Abiotic conditions in the contemporary Baltic Sea (water salinity, temperature, oxygen and light conditions, currents and other water movements) are characterized and in this background the natural regional system of the sea has been generated. Important issues are considered such as life forms in the Baltic and their dependence on the natural environment (both in the conditions of the relative stable environment and during the regime shifts), as well as anthropogenic influences and the basic differences between the areas of the World Ocean and the brackish Baltic Sea. This book also equips readers with basic principles of assessments and management of ecosystems and fish resources (including the long-term assessment and forecast on ecosystems and fish resources) and provides information on the structures of international collaboration developed in the Baltic Sea.
Book Synopsis Eutrophication: causes, consequences and control by : Abid A. Ansari
Download or read book Eutrophication: causes, consequences and control written by Abid A. Ansari and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-17 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eutrophication continues to be a major global challenge to water quality scientists. The global demand on water resources due to population increases, economic development, and emerging energy development schemes has created new environmental challenges to global sustainability. Eutrophication, causes, consequences, and control provides a current account of many important aspects of the processes of natural and accelerated eutrophication in major aquatic ecosystems around the world. The connections between accelerated eutrophication and climate change, chemical contamination of surface waters, and major environmental and ecological impacts on aquatic ecosystems are discussed. Water quality changes typical of eutrophication events in major climate zones including temperate, tropical, subtropical, and arid regions are included along with current approaches to treat and control increased eutrophication around the world. The book provides many useful new insights to address the challenges of global increases in eutrophication and the increasing threats to biodiversity and water quality.
Book Synopsis The Fish Production Potential of the Baltic Sea by : Lars Håkanson
Download or read book The Fish Production Potential of the Baltic Sea written by Lars Håkanson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-25 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It presents a new approach to set fish quota based on holistic ecosystem modeling (the CoastWeb-model) and also a plan to optimize a sustainable management of the Baltic Sea including a cost-benefit analysis. This plan accounts for the production of prey and predatory fish under different environmental conditions, professional fishing, recreational fishing and fish cage farm production plus an analysis of associated economic values. Several scenarios and remedial strategies for Baltic Sea management are discussed and an "optimal" strategy motivated and presented, which challenges the HELCOM strategy that was accepted by the Baltic States in November 2007. The strategy advocated in this book would create more than 7000 new jobs, the total value of the fish production would be about 1600 million euro per year plus 1000 million euro per year related to the willingness-to-pay to combat the present conditions in the Baltic Sea. Our strategy would cost about 370 million euro whereas the HELCOM strategy would cost about 3100 million euro per year. The "optimal" strategy is based on a defined goal - that the water clarity in the Gulf of Finland should return to what it was 100 years ago.
Book Synopsis Environmental Economic Research as a Tool in the Protection of the Baltic Sea by : Nordic Council of Ministers
Download or read book Environmental Economic Research as a Tool in the Protection of the Baltic Sea written by Nordic Council of Ministers and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews the findings of an ecological/economicanalyses regarding the on-going and prospective effortsto reduce eutrophication of the Baltic Sea, conducted byBalticSTERN, an international research network. The results indicate that the overall benefits of fulfillingthe targets of the HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP)clearly outweigh their aggregate costs, suggesting thatthe BSAP is an economically sound plan for solvingthe transboundary eutrophication problem. The cost ofinaction - not implementing the objectives of the BSAP -would be significant.
Book Synopsis Nutrients and Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea by : Jesper H. Andersen
Download or read book Nutrients and Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea written by Jesper H. Andersen and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Eutrophication in Coastal Ecosystems by : Jesper H. Andersen
Download or read book Eutrophication in Coastal Ecosystems written by Jesper H. Andersen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-03-14 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal eutrophication has been and still remains an important issue for the scientific community. Despite many efforts to mitigate coastal eutrophication, the problems associated with eutrophication are still far from being solved. This book focusses on the most recent scientific results in relation to specific eutrophication issues, e.g. definition(s) and causes; nutrient loads, cycling and limitation; reference conditions, primary effects and secondary effects; trend reversal (oligotrophication), as well as links to other pressures (climate change and top/down control). It also focusses on monitoring and modelling of coastal eutrophication, and adaptive and science-based nutrient management strategies. The book is based on selected papers from the Second International Symposium on Research and Management of Eutrophication in Coastal Ecosystems, held 20-23 June 2006 in Nyborg, Denmark.
Book Synopsis Eutrophication in Europe's Coastal Waters by : Gunni Ærtebjerg
Download or read book Eutrophication in Europe's Coastal Waters written by Gunni Ærtebjerg and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recoge : 1. Summary - 2. Introduction - 3. The seas of Europe - 4. Spatial and temporal coverage of data - 5. Nutrient loads (pressures) - 6. Present trade of eutrophication - 7. Impact of eutrophication and responses - 8. Trophical index for marine systems (TRIX) - 9. Contribution from remote sensing to support the evaluation of eutrophication in marine and coastal waters - 10. Conclusions and recommendations - 11. References - 12. Annex 1: Maps showing levels of nutrients, clorophylla and oxygen along the coasts of Europe.
Book Synopsis Environmental science : understanding, protecting, and managing the environment in the Baltic Sea region by : Lars Rydén
Download or read book Environmental science : understanding, protecting, and managing the environment in the Baltic Sea region written by Lars Rydén and published by Baltic University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physical Oceanography of the Baltic Sea by : Matti Leppäranta
Download or read book Physical Oceanography of the Baltic Sea written by Matti Leppäranta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-20 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Baltic Sea oceanographic research community is wide and the research history is over 100 years old. Nevertheless, there is still no single, coherent book on the physical oceanography of the Baltic Sea as a whole. There is a strong need for such a book, coming from working oceanographers as well as the university teaching programmes in advanced undergraduate to graduate levels. In the regional conference series in physical oceanography (Baltic Sea Science Conference, Baltic Sea Oceanographers' conference, Baltex-conferences) about 500 scientists take part regularly. Even more scientists work in the fields of marine biology, chemistry and the environment, and they need information on the physics of the Baltic Sea as well. There are nine countries bordering on the Baltic Sea and five more in the runoff area. The Baltic Sea as a source of fish, means of transportation and leisure activities is highly important to the regional society. In the runoff area there are a total of 85 million people. Research and protection strategies need to be developed, as the Baltic Sea is probably the most polluted sea in the world. Since the Baltic Sea has become an inner sea of the EU (apart from small shore parts of Russia in Petersburg and Kaliningrad), it is anticipated that the importance of the region will consequently rise. The book will arouse interest among students, scientists and decision makers involved with the Baltic problems. It will also give important background information for those working with biogeochemical processes in the Baltic Sea, because the physical forcing for those processes is of vital importance.
