Colony Level Infection Of Honey Bee Gut Pathogen Nosema Ceranae And Role Of Pollen Nutrition In Nosema Ceranae Infection And Bee Survival

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Colony Level Infection of Honey Bee Gut Pathogen, Nosema Ceranae and Role of Pollen Nutrition in Nosema Ceranae Infection and Bee Survival

Author : Cameron Jack
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Colony Level Infection of Honey Bee Gut Pathogen, Nosema Ceranae and Role of Pollen Nutrition in Nosema Ceranae Infection and Bee Survival by : Cameron Jack

Download or read book Colony Level Infection of Honey Bee Gut Pathogen, Nosema Ceranae and Role of Pollen Nutrition in Nosema Ceranae Infection and Bee Survival written by Cameron Jack and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Honey bees are important pollinators for many agricultural systems throughout the world. However, recent honey bee declines have caused great alarm, drawing attention to the vulnerability of worldwide agriculture to pollinator loss. These declines are often attributed to a combination of pests, pathogens, viruses, chemicals, and a lack of proper nutrition. One of the main factors implicated in bee declines is the fungal pathogen Nosema ceranae. There has been significant research conducted to understand the effect of Nosema ceranae infection in individual bees, but currently there is a gap in knowledge regarding Nosema ceranae infection at the colony level. Also, little is known regarding the effects of bee nutrition on Nosema ceranae infection and longevity of infected bees. Here I investigated the dynamics of colony level infection of Nosema ceranae and determined the effects of pollen nutrition on Nosema ceranae infection and survival of bees. To understand the dynamics of Nosema ceranae infection at the colony level, I examined the prevalence (proportion of infected bees) and intensity (number of spores per bee) in two different field experiments with whole colonies. In the first experiment, I compared Nosema infection information from bees of known ages to the traditional method of colony infection diagnosis. In the second experiment, I analyzed each individual bee from eight experimental nucleus colonies inoculated with Nosema ceranae to determine the infection prevalence and intensity. I found that the prevalence and intensity of Nosema ceranae infection was significantly influenced by honey bee age. Both experiments showed that foraging-aged bees had a higher prevalence of Nosema infection than younger bees. However, I found that nurse bees may have spore intensities comparable to or greater than those of forager bees. These results emphasize the limitations of the traditional Nosema sampling methods in assessing the colony infection status. My findings are expected to assist in development of reliable Nosema sampling protocols that could help beekeepers realistically assess the need for colony treatment. Nutrition has a profound effect on host-parasite relationships; hence it is imperitive to understand how honey bee nutrition affects Nosema ceranae prevalence and intensity. In this study, I examined effects of different concentrations of pollen on the prevalence and intensity of Nosema ceranae as well as the longevity and nutritional physiology of infected bees. Significantly higher spore intensities were observed in treatments that received higher pollen concentrations when compared to treatments that received relatively lower pollen concentrations. Interestingly, the bees in higher pollen concentration treatments also had significantly higher survival despite higher intensities of Nosema ceranae. I found that hypopharyngeal gland protein content was significantly different between bees infected with Nosema ceranae and bees that were not infected, but did not find any significant differences in total midgut enzyme activity between infected and non-infected bees. My results demonstrate that optimal pollen nutrition increases Nosema ceranae intensity, but also enhances the survival or longevity of honey bees. The information from this study could be potentially used by beekeepers to formulate appropriate protein feeding regimens for their colonies to mitigate Nosema ceranae problems.

Intensity of Nosema Ceranae Infection and Survival Effects Strongly Depend on Colony Background

Author : Edmund Lau
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (117 download)

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Book Synopsis Intensity of Nosema Ceranae Infection and Survival Effects Strongly Depend on Colony Background by : Edmund Lau

Download or read book Intensity of Nosema Ceranae Infection and Survival Effects Strongly Depend on Colony Background written by Edmund Lau and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European honey bee, Apis mellifera, plays an important role in agriculture worldwide, but managed colonies have faced considerable losses in recent years, including a 41% winter loss of U.S. managed colonies in 2019. A widespread contributing factor is a microsporidian pathogen, Nosema ceranae, which has spread to colonies worldwide, developed a resistance to antibiotic treatment, and can alter the host's immune response and nutritional uptake. These obligate gut pathogens share their environment with a natural honey bee microbiome whose composition can affect pathogen resistance. We tested the effect of N. ceranae infection on this microbiome by feeding 5 d old adult bees (with developed natural microbiomes) with live N. ceranae spores (40,000 per bee) or a sterile 2.0 M sucrose solution. We caged and reared these bees in a controlled lab environment and tracked their mortality over 12 d, after which we dissected them, measured their infection levels (spore counts), and prepared samples for future microbiome analyses. Bees fed live spores had two-fold higher mortality by 12 d, as well as 36.5-fold more spores per bee as compared to controls. In addition, we found strong colony effects on infection, confirming that susceptibility to N. ceranae varies widely between colonies. By analyzing the microbiome of the most resistant bees, future studies can be performed to determine how these microbes affect resistance of honey bees to microsporidian infections.

Microsporidia

Author : Louis M. Weiss
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118395220
Total Pages : 756 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)

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Book Synopsis Microsporidia by : Louis M. Weiss

Download or read book Microsporidia written by Louis M. Weiss and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-10-20 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microsporidia: Pathogens of Opportunity provides a systematic overview of the biology of microsporidia. Written by leading experts in the field, the book combines background and basic information on microsporidia with descriptive methods and resources for working with the pathogen. Newly revised and updated for its second edition, Microsporidia will continue to be the standard text reference for these pathogenic protists, and is an indispensable research resource for biologists, physicians and parasitologists. This new edition of this publication provides systematic reviews of the biology of this pathogen by leading experts in the field, and will be combined with descriptions of the methods and resources for working with this pathogen. • Provides a comprehensive summary of literature on microsporidia and microsporidiosis • The long-awaited update to the standard microsporidia reference text The Microsporidia and Microsporidiosis • Written by an international team of authors representing each of the main research groups working on microsporidia • Chapters provide comprehensive overviews of general methodology as well as special techniques related to these organisms

Invertebrate Learning and Memory

Author : Martin Giurfa
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128071516
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Martin Giurfa

Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Martin Giurfa and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The behavior of insects transcends elementary forms of adaptive responding to environmental changes. We discuss examples of exploration, instrumental and observational learning, expectation, learning in a social context, and planning of future actions. We show that learning about sensory cues allows insects to transfer flexibly their responses to novel stimuli attaining thereby different levels of complexity, from basic generalization to categorization and concept learning consistent with rule extraction. We argue that updating of existing memories requires multiple forms of memory processing. A key element in these processes is working memory, an active form of memory considered to allow evaluation of actions on the basis of expected outcome. We discuss which of these cognitive faculties can be traced to specific neural processes and how they relate to the overall organization of the insect brain.

The Microsporidia and Microsporidiosis

Author : Murray Wittner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Microsporidia and Microsporidiosis by : Murray Wittner

Download or read book The Microsporidia and Microsporidiosis written by Murray Wittner and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Infection in Honey Bees

Author : Giovanni Cilia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783036529639
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (296 download)

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Book Synopsis Infection in Honey Bees by : Giovanni Cilia

Download or read book Infection in Honey Bees written by Giovanni Cilia and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Honey bee pathogens are spread worldwide and are strongly related to the decline of honey bee populations, which has severe implications for beekeeping, honey production and ecology. Honey bee pathogens are continuously studied by researchers with the aim to better understand the host-parasite relationship of these pathogens and the effects that they have on bee colonies. Honey bee pathogens include bacteria (i.e., Melissococcus plutonius and Paenibacillus larvae), microsporidia (i.e., Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae), fungi (i.e., Ascosphaera apis), protozoa (i.e., Lotmaria passim, Crithidia bombi and Crithidia mellificae) and viruses (i.e., ABPV, CBPV, IAPV, KBV, DWV, BQCV and SBV). All of these pathogens are able to infect other bee species; infections would have important implications for their life cycles (e.g., Osmia sp. and Bombus sp.) or cause unknown epidemiological effects for other hymenopterans. In addition, old and new invasive pests (such as Varroa destructor, Aethina tumida, Vespa velutina, etc.) necessitate more studies to define their role as possible vectors or possible sources of infection for honey bees. For these reasons, knowledge on honey bee pathogens has become a matter of public interest and is connected with the critical role of honey bee health. The aim of this Special Issue is to explore honey bee pathogens, considering any aspect in relation to host-pathogen interaction and highlighting the possible interaction and spillover with other bee species and invasive pests, through a series of research articles that focus on different aspects of pathologies.

Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases

Author : Roger A. Morse
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases by : Roger A. Morse

Download or read book Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases written by Roger A. Morse and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Status of Pollinators in North America

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309102898
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Status of Pollinators in North America by : National Research Council

Download or read book Status of Pollinators in North America written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-05-13 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pollinators-insects, birds, bats, and other animals that carry pollen from the male to the female parts of flowers for plant reproduction-are an essential part of natural and agricultural ecosystems throughout North America. For example, most fruit, vegetable, and seed crops and some crops that provide fiber, drugs, and fuel depend on animals for pollination. This report provides evidence for the decline of some pollinator species in North America, including America's most important managed pollinator, the honey bee, as well as some butterflies, bats, and hummingbirds. For most managed and wild pollinator species, however, population trends have not been assessed because populations have not been monitored over time. In addition, for wild species with demonstrated declines, it is often difficult to determine the causes or consequences of their decline. This report outlines priorities for research and monitoring that are needed to improve information on the status of pollinators and establishes a framework for conservation and restoration of pollinator species and communities.

The Ecology of Insect Overwintering

Author : Simon R. Leather
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521556705
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (567 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ecology of Insect Overwintering by : Simon R. Leather

Download or read book The Ecology of Insect Overwintering written by Simon R. Leather and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-09-28 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive account of the various forms of insect overwintering, highlighting areas of economic interest.

Environmental Virology and Virus Ecology

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128144165
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Virology and Virus Ecology by :

Download or read book Environmental Virology and Virus Ecology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-06-14 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Virology, Volume 101, the latest in the Advances in Virus Research series, contains new, informative updates on the topic. First published in 1953, this series covers a diverse range of in-depth reviews, providing a valuable overview of the current field of virology. Updates to this release include sections on the host landscape and vector behavior, key determinants of plant virus evolution and emergence, plant virome analysis using spatial metagenomics, host range evolution in generalist viruses, the influence of environment, water-mediated spread and transmission of viruses, viruses transmitted by means other than insect vectors, and more. Contains contributions from leading authorities in the field of virology Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field Features a diverse range of virology topics, including discussions of host landscape and vector behavior and viruses transmitted by means other than insect vectors

Honey Bee Colony Health

Author : Diana Sammataro
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439879419
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Honey Bee Colony Health by : Diana Sammataro

Download or read book Honey Bee Colony Health written by Diana Sammataro and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-11-17 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the current progress of bee researchers investigating the status of honey bees and possible reasons for their decline, providing a basis for establishing management methods that maintain colony health. Integrating discussion of Colony Collapse Disorder, the chapters provide information on the new microsporidian Nosema ceranae pathogens, the current status of the parasitic bee mites, updates on bee viruses, and the effects these problems are having on our important bee pollinators. The text also presents methods for diagnosing diseases and includes color illustrations and tables.

Conservation Biology in Sub-Saharan Africa

Author : Richard Primack
Publisher : Open Book Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1783747536
Total Pages : 712 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (837 download)

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Book Synopsis Conservation Biology in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Richard Primack

Download or read book Conservation Biology in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Richard Primack and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conservation Biology in Sub-Saharan Africa comprehensively explores the challenges and potential solutions to key conservation issues in Sub-Saharan Africa. Easy to read, this lucid and accessible textbook includes fifteen chapters that cover a full range of conservation topics, including threats to biodiversity, environmental laws, and protected areas management, as well as related topics such as sustainability, poverty, and human-wildlife conflict. This rich resource also includes a background discussion of what conservation biology is, a wide range of theoretical approaches to the subject, and concrete examples of conservation practice in specific African contexts. Strategies are outlined to protect biodiversity whilst promoting economic development in the region. Boxes covering specific themes written by scientists who live and work throughout the region are included in each chapter, together with recommended readings and suggested discussion topics. Each chapter also includes an extensive bibliography. Conservation Biology in Sub-Saharan Africa provides the most up-to-date study in the field. It is an essential resource, available on-line without charge, for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as a handy guide for professionals working to stop the rapid loss of biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere.

The Superorganism

Author : Bert Holldobler
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 9780393067040
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (67 download)

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Book Synopsis The Superorganism by : Bert Holldobler

Download or read book The Superorganism written by Bert Holldobler and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2009 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pulitzer Prize-winning authors of "The Ants" render the extraordinary lives of the social insects--ants, bees, wasps, and termites--in this visually spectacular volume. 110 color and 100 black-and-white illustrations.

Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics on the Parasitic Microsporidium Nosema Ceranae and Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera) Health at the Individual and Colony Levels

Download Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics on the Parasitic Microsporidium Nosema Ceranae and Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera) Health at the Individual and Colony Levels PDF Online Free

Author : Shane Klassen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics on the Parasitic Microsporidium Nosema Ceranae and Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera) Health at the Individual and Colony Levels by : Shane Klassen

Download or read book Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics on the Parasitic Microsporidium Nosema Ceranae and Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera) Health at the Individual and Colony Levels written by Shane Klassen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alternatives to fumagillin for the control of Nosema ceranae, an intestinal parasite of the honey bee, are needed. Fourteen compounds were screened at several doses for their control of N. ceranae in caged bees, and three were retested at their predicted optimal dose. Zymosan was the most successful at reducing N. ceranae spore numbers. In another study using field colonies, eugenol, Protexin® (Enterococcus faecium), chitosan and naringenin, were evaluated for their effects on N. ceranae and bee health parameters. Eugenol, naringenin and Protexin® reduced N. ceranae infections and increased honey production, while Protexin® also increased adult bee populations and eliminated colony winter mortality. Chitosan was ineffective. In general, compounds administered in protein patty worked better than in syrup in spring, whereas syrup worked better than patty in fall. For colonies, Protexin® was the most promising candidate for controlling N. ceranae and promoting honey bee health and productivity, warranting further investigation.

Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology

Author : Lawrence A. Lacey
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402059337
Total Pages : 852 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology by : Lawrence A. Lacey

Download or read book Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology written by Lawrence A. Lacey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-27 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This field manual is designed to provide background and instruction on a broad spectrum of techniques and their use in the evaluation of entomopathogens in the field. The second edition provides updated information and includes two additional chapters and 12 new contributors. The intended audience includes researchers, graduate students, practitioners of integrated pest management (IPM), regulators and those conducting environmental impact studies of entomopathogens.

Probiotics and Prebiotics in Animal Health and Food Safety

Author : Diana Di Gioia
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319719505
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Probiotics and Prebiotics in Animal Health and Food Safety by : Diana Di Gioia

Download or read book Probiotics and Prebiotics in Animal Health and Food Safety written by Diana Di Gioia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-27 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the role of probiotics and prebiotics in maintaining the health status of a broad range of animal groups used for food production. It also highlights the use of beneficial microorganisms as protective agents in animal derived foods. The book provides essential information on the characterization and definition of probiotics on the basis of recently released guidelines and reflecting the latest trends in bacterial taxonomy. Last but not least, it discusses the concept of “dead” probiotics and their benefits to animal health in detail. The book will benefit all professors, students, researchers and practitioners in academia and industry whose work involves biotechnology, veterinary sciences or food production.

Insect Pathology

Author : Yoshinori Tanada
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080926258
Total Pages : 681 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Insect Pathology by : Yoshinori Tanada

Download or read book Insect Pathology written by Yoshinori Tanada and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insect Pathology is designed for a broad spectrum of readers. Is should be useful to students, lecturers, and researchers requiring information about the principles in insect pathology and the biology of pathogens. It should serve as a resource for specialists to learn about other insect pathogen systems, for generalists to become aware of advances in insect pathology, and for scientists and students, beginning or otherwise, interested in learning about insect pathology. This book was originally intended to update the 1949 test by E. A. Steinhaus entitled Principles of Insect Pathology. The purpose for this book was twofold: To serve (1) as a text for an insect pathology and/or biological control class and (2) as a comprehensive reference source. Because this book summarizes much of the available information, its usefulness as a textbook for an insect pathology class is apparent. Although the literature citations are extensive, they are far from complete. The literature in insect pathology is voluminous and for the past decade has been expanding at an almost exponential rate. A complete review of the literature is beyond the scope of the book, and an omission of a reference does not preclude its importance. Our citations, however, should serve as a good starting point for those who wish to obtain further information. We have attempted to cover equally all subdisciplines, but shortcomings are unavoidable. For these, we take full responsibility.