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Cognition As Intuitive Statistics
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Book Synopsis Cognition as Intuitive Statistics by : Gerd Gigerenzer
Download or read book Cognition as Intuitive Statistics written by Gerd Gigerenzer and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-08-14 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1987, this title is about theory construction in psychology. Where theories come from, as opposed to how they become established, was almost a no-man’s land in the history and philosophy of science at the time. The authors argue that in the science of mind, theories are particularly likely to come from tools, and they are especially concerned with the emergence of the metaphor of the mind as an intuitive statistician. In the first chapter, the authors discuss the rise of the inference revolution, which institutionalized those statistical tools that later became theories of cognitive processes. In each of the four following chapters they treat one major topic of cognitive psychology and show to what degree statistical concepts transformed their understanding of those topics.
Book Synopsis Cognition as Intuitive Statistics by : Gerd Gigerenzer
Download or read book Cognition as Intuitive Statistics written by Gerd Gigerenzer and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-08-14 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1987, this title is about theory construction in psychology. Where theories come from, as opposed to how they become established, was almost a no-man’s land in the history and philosophy of science at the time. The authors argue that in the science of mind, theories are particularly likely to come from tools, and they are especially concerned with the emergence of the metaphor of the mind as an intuitive statistician. In the first chapter, the authors discuss the rise of the inference revolution, which institutionalized those statistical tools that later became theories of cognitive processes. In each of the four following chapters they treat one major topic of cognitive psychology and show to what degree statistical concepts transformed their understanding of those topics.
Book Synopsis Thinking With Data by : Marsha C. Lovett
Download or read book Thinking With Data written by Marsha C. Lovett and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2012-08-21 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chapters in Thinking With Data are based on presentations given at the 33rd Carnegie Symposium on Cognition. The Symposium was motivated by the confluence of three emerging trends: (1) the increasing need for people to think effectively with data at work, at school, and in everyday life, (2) the expanding technologies available to support people as they think with data, and (3) the growing scientific interest in understanding how people think with data. What is thinking with data? It is the set of cognitive processes used to identify, integrate, and communicate the information present in complex numerical, categorical, and graphical data. This book offers a multidisciplinary presentation of recent research on the topic. Contributors represent a variety of disciplines: cognitive and developmental psychology; math, science, and statistics education; and decision science. The methods applied in various chapters similarly reflect a scientific diversity, including qualitative and quantitative analysis, experimentation and classroom observation, computational modeling, and neuroimaging. Throughout the book, research results are presented in a way that connects with both learning theory and instructional application. The book is organized in three sections: Part I focuses on the concepts of uncertainty and variation and on how people understand these ideas in a variety of contexts. Part II focuses on how people work with data to understand its structure and draw conclusions from data either in terms of formal statistical analyses or informal assessments of evidence. Part III focuses on how people learn from data and how they use data to make decisions in daily and professional life.
Book Synopsis The Evolutionary Roots of Intuitive Statistics by : Johanna Eckert
Download or read book The Evolutionary Roots of Intuitive Statistics written by Johanna Eckert and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intuitive statistical reasoning is the capacity to draw intuitive probabilistic inferences based on an understanding of the relations between populations, sampling processes and resulting samples. This capacity is fundamental to our daily lives and one of the hallmarks of human thinking. We constantly use sample observations to draw general conclusions about the world, use these generalizations to predict what will happen next and to make rational decisions under uncertainty. Historically, statistical reasoning was thought to develop late in ontogeny, to be biased by general-purpose heurist...
Book Synopsis Assessing and Measuring Statistics Cognition in Higher Education Online Environments: Emerging Research and Opportunities by : Chase, Justin P.
Download or read book Assessing and Measuring Statistics Cognition in Higher Education Online Environments: Emerging Research and Opportunities written by Chase, Justin P. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2017-05-18 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to effective learn, process, and retain new information is critical to the success of any student. Since mathematics are becoming increasingly more important in our educational systems, it is imperative that we devise an efficient system to measure these types of information recall. Assessing and Measuring Statistics Cognition in Higher Education Online Environments: Emerging Research and Opportunities is a critical reference source that overviews the current state of higher education learning assessment systems. Featuring extensive coverage on relevant topics such as statistical cognitions, online learning implications, cognitive development, and curricular mismatches, this publication is ideally designed for academics, students, educators, professionals, and researchers seeking innovative perspectives on current assessment and measurement systems within our educational facilities.
Book Synopsis Cognition and Chance by : Raymond S. Nickerson
Download or read book Cognition and Chance written by Raymond S. Nickerson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004-06-24 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lack of ability to think probabilistically makes one prone to a variety of irrational fears and vulnerable to scams designed to exploit probabilistic naiveté, impairs decision making under uncertainty, facilitates the misinterpretation of statistical information, and precludes critical evaluation of likelihood claims. Cognition and Chance presents an overview of the information needed to avoid such pitfalls and to assess and respond to probabilistic situations in a rational way. Dr. Nickerson investigates such questions as how good individuals are at thinking probabilistically and how consistent their reasoning under uncertainty is with principles of mathematical statistics and probability theory. He reviews evidence that has been produced in researchers' attempts to investigate these and similar types of questions. Seven conceptual chapters address such topics as probability, chance, randomness, coincidences, inverse probability, paradoxes, dilemmas, and statistics. The remaining five chapters focus on empirical studies of individuals' abilities and limitations as probabilistic thinkers. Topics include estimation and prediction, perception of covariation, choice under uncertainty, and people as intuitive probabilists. Cognition and Chance is intended to appeal to researchers and students in the areas of probability, statistics, psychology, business, economics, decision theory, and social dilemmas.
Book Synopsis Critical Thinking by : Varda Liberman
Download or read book Critical Thinking written by Varda Liberman and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2024-10-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life is fundamentally uncertain. We do not know whether it will rain, whether the market will go up or down, whether our unhealthy eating choices will have serious consequences, or whether terrorists will strike our city. To make matters worse, we also lack a tried and true procedure for evaluating the likelihood of such events. Yet we are required to make decisions great and small that depend on these events. In the absence of certainty or an objective procedure for estimating probabilities, we must rely on our own reasoning, which a great deal of research has shown to be less rational than we would like to believe. In Critical Thinking, Varda Liberman and Amos Tversky examine how we make judgments under uncertainty and explain how various biases can distort our consideration of evidence. Using everyday examples, they detail how to examine data and their implications with the goal of helping readers improve their intuitive reasoning and judgment. From the courtroom to the basketball court, cholesterol count to the existence of the supernatural, Liberman and Tversky explore the fundamental insights of probability, causal relationships, and making inferences from samples. They delve into the psychology of judgment, explaining why first impressions are often wrong and correct answers go against our intuitions. Originally written in Hebrew and published by the Open University in 1996, Critical Thinking is an essential guide for students and interested readers alike that teaches us to become more critical readers and consumers of information.
Book Synopsis Intuitive Judgments of Change by : Linda Silka
Download or read book Intuitive Judgments of Change written by Linda Silka and published by Springer. This book was released on 1989 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intuitive Judgments of Change represents the first systematic attempt to understand how people perceive change. Historically, social psychological work has emphasized the importance of stability and continuity among cognitive elements in analyzing cognitive processes. The author develops an hypothesis together with supporting evidence which suggests that change judgments are unique, ubiquitious, and pose no particular problem for people's cognitive apparatus. Intuitive Judgments of Change offers an innovative direction for future research on a topic which has as yet received little thoughtful attention.
Book Synopsis Thinking, Fast and Slow by : Daniel Kahneman
Download or read book Thinking, Fast and Slow written by Daniel Kahneman and published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. This book was released on 2011-10-25 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major New York Times bestseller Winner of the National Academy of Sciences Best Book Award in 2012 Selected by the New York Times Book Review as one of the ten best books of 2011 A Globe and Mail Best Books of the Year 2011 Title One of The Economist's 2011 Books of the Year One of The Wall Street Journal's Best Nonfiction Books of the Year 2011 2013 Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipient Kahneman's work with Amos Tversky is the subject of Michael Lewis's The Undoing Project: A Friendship That Changed Our Minds In his mega bestseller, Thinking, Fast and Slow, Daniel Kahneman, the renowned psychologist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, takes us on a groundbreaking tour of the mind and explains the two systems that drive the way we think. System 1 is fast, intuitive, and emotional; System 2 is slower, more deliberative, and more logical. The impact of overconfidence on corporate strategies, the difficulties of predicting what will make us happy in the future, the profound effect of cognitive biases on everything from playing the stock market to planning our next vacation—each of these can be understood only by knowing how the two systems shape our judgments and decisions. Engaging the reader in a lively conversation about how we think, Kahneman reveals where we can and cannot trust our intuitions and how we can tap into the benefits of slow thinking. He offers practical and enlightening insights into how choices are made in both our business and our personal lives—and how we can use different techniques to guard against the mental glitches that often get us into trouble. Winner of the National Academy of Sciences Best Book Award and the Los Angeles Times Book Prize and selected by The New York Times Book Review as one of the ten best books of 2011, Thinking, Fast and Slow is destined to be a classic.
Book Synopsis Cognition on Cognition by : Jacques Mehler
Download or read book Cognition on Cognition written by Jacques Mehler and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This broad-ranging volume includes a series of articles that were originally published as a special issue of Cognition produced to celebrate the 50th volume of the journal.This broad-ranging volume includes a series of articles that were originally published as a special issue of Cognition produced to celebrate the 50th volume of the journal. Written by some of the foremost scientists studying different aspects of the mind, the articles review progress achieved over the past twenty-five years in the main areas of the discipline. They provide a unique record of what is happening today in the field of cognition, with an added historical perspective that is often absent from other volumes that seek to cover so much ground.The chapters have been arranged in sections on Neuropsychology, Thinking, and Language and Perception. These thematic areas deal with theoretical aspects ranging from the status of explanations in cognitive science, to evolutionary accounts of human cognitive faculties, to the way in which humans use these faculties to reason about, perceive, and interact with their environment and each other. There are also contributions dealing with the abilities of young infants and articles that relate behaviors to their underlying neural substrata.
Book Synopsis Information Sampling and Adaptive Cognition by : Klaus Fiedler
Download or read book Information Sampling and Adaptive Cognition written by Klaus Fiedler and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes that environmental information samples are biased and cognitive processes are not.
Book Synopsis The Probabilistic Mind by : Nick Chater
Download or read book The Probabilistic Mind written by Nick Chater and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2008 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Probabilistic Mind is a follow-up to the influential and highly cited Rational Models of Cognition (OUP, 1998). It brings together developmetns in understanding how, and how far, high-level cognitive processes can be understood in rational terms, and particularly using probabilistic Bayesian methods.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Educational Psychology by : David C. Berliner
Download or read book Handbook of Educational Psychology written by David C. Berliner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 1075 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sponsored by Division 15 of APA, the second edition of this groundbreaking book has been expanded to 41 chapters that provide unparalleled coverage of this far-ranging field. Internationally recognized scholars contribute up-to-date reviews and critical syntheses of the following areas: foundations and the future of educational psychology, learners’ development, individual differences, cognition, motivation, content area teaching, socio-cultural perspectives on teaching and learning, teachers and teaching, instructional design, teacher assessment, and modern perspectives on research methodologies, data, and data analysis. New chapters cover topics such as adult development, self-regulation, changes in knowledge and beliefs, and writing. Expanded treatment has been given to cognition, motivation, and new methodologies for gathering and analyzing data. The Handbook of Educational Psychology, Second Edition provides an indispensable reference volume for scholars, teacher educators, in-service practitioners, policy makers and the academic libraries serving these audiences. It is also appropriate for graduate level courses devoted to the study of educational psychology.
Book Synopsis Adaptive Thinking by : Gerd Gigerenzer
Download or read book Adaptive Thinking written by Gerd Gigerenzer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002-03-07 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Where do new ideas come from? What is social intelligence? Why do social scientists perform mindless statistical rituals? This vital book is about rethinking rationality as adaptive thinking: to understand how minds cope with their environments, both ecological and social.Gerd Gigerenzer proposes and illustrates a bold new research program that investigates the psychology of rationality, introducing the concepts of ecological, bounded, and social rationality. His path-breaking collection takes research on thinking, social intelligence, creativity, and decision-making out of an ethereal world where the laws of logic and probability reign, and places it into our real world of human behavior and interaction. Adaptive Thinking is accessibly written for general readers with an interest in psychology, cognitive science, economics, sociology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, and animal behavior. It also teaches a practical audience, such as physicians, AIDS counselors, and experts in criminal law, how to understand and communicate uncertainties and risks.
Book Synopsis How to Do Research by : Jonathan St B T Evans
Download or read book How to Do Research written by Jonathan St B T Evans and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jonathan Evans presents a clear strategy for research. Drawing on examples, expertise and experience, he gives practical advice on all aspects of research for postgraduate researchers and those early in their career.
Book Synopsis Statistical Thinking by : Russell Poldrack
Download or read book Statistical Thinking written by Russell Poldrack and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2023-06-20 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An introductory-level statistics textbook for psychology students"--
Book Synopsis Psychology's Territories by : Mitchell Ash
Download or read book Psychology's Territories written by Mitchell Ash and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2007-04-02 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the conceptual and practical territories of psychology? How have the boundaries of psychological thought, research and practice developed in history, and how might they be renegotiated today? This volume presents new approaches to these questions, resulting from a three-year collaboration among internationally known psychologists, neurosci
