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Book Synopsis The Probabilistic Mind by : Nick Chater
Download or read book The Probabilistic Mind written by Nick Chater and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2008 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Probabilistic Mind is a follow-up to the influential and highly cited Rational Models of Cognition (OUP, 1998). It brings together developmetns in understanding how, and how far, high-level cognitive processes can be understood in rational terms, and particularly using probabilistic Bayesian methods.
Book Synopsis Probabilistic Models of the Brain by : Rajesh P.N. Rao
Download or read book Probabilistic Models of the Brain written by Rajesh P.N. Rao and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002-03-29 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A survey of probabilistic approaches to modeling and understanding brain function. Neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, and brain imaging studies have helped to shed light on how the brain transforms raw sensory information into a form that is useful for goal-directed behavior. A fundamental question that is seldom addressed by these studies, however, is why the brain uses the types of representations it does and what evolutionary advantage, if any, these representations confer. It is difficult to address such questions directly via animal experiments. A promising alternative is to use probabilistic principles such as maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference to derive models of brain function. This book surveys some of the current probabilistic approaches to modeling and understanding brain function. Although most of the examples focus on vision, many of the models and techniques are applicable to other modalities as well. The book presents top-down computational models as well as bottom-up neurally motivated models of brain function. The topics covered include Bayesian and information-theoretic models of perception, probabilistic theories of neural coding and spike timing, computational models of lateral and cortico-cortical feedback connections, and the development of receptive field properties from natural signals.
Book Synopsis Probabilistic Perspectives on Brain (dys)Function by : Karl Friston
Download or read book Probabilistic Perspectives on Brain (dys)Function written by Karl Friston and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-08-02 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bayesian Rationality by : Mike Oaksford
Download or read book Bayesian Rationality written by Mike Oaksford and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-02-22 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For almost 2,500 years, the Western concept of what is to be human has been dominated by the idea that the mind is the seat of reason - humans are, almost by definition, the rational animal. In this text a more radical suggestion for explaining these puzzling aspects of human reasoning is put forward.
Book Synopsis Probabilistic Modeling for Segmentation in Magnetic Resonance Images of the Human Brain by : Michael Wels
Download or read book Probabilistic Modeling for Segmentation in Magnetic Resonance Images of the Human Brain written by Michael Wels and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2010 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book the fully automatic generation of semantic annotations for medical imaging data by means of medical image segmentation and labeling is addressed. In particular, the focus is on the segmentation of the human brain and related structures from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Three novel probabilistic methods from the field of database-guided knowledge-based medical image segmentation are presented. Each of the methods is applied to one of three MRI segmentation scenarios: 1) 3-D MRI brain tissue classification and intensity non-uniformity correction, 2) pediatric brain cancer segmentation in multi-spectral 3-D MRI, and 3) 3-D MRI anatomical brain structure segmentation. All the newly developed methods make use of domain knowledge encoded by probabilistic boosting-trees (PBT), which is a recent machine learning technique. For all the methods uniform probabilistic formalisms are presented that group the methods into the broader context of probabilistic modeling for the purpose of image segmentation. It is shown by comparison with other methods from the literature that in all the scenarios the newly developed algorithms in most cases give more accurate results and have a lower computational cost. Evaluation on publicly available benchmarking data sets ensures reliable comparability of the results to those of other current and future methods. One of the methods successfully participated in the ongoing online caudate segmentation challenge (www.cause07.org), where it ranks among the top five methods for this particular segmentation scenario.
Book Synopsis A Probabilistic Analysis of the Sacco and Vanzetti Evidence by : Joseph B. Kadane
Download or read book A Probabilistic Analysis of the Sacco and Vanzetti Evidence written by Joseph B. Kadane and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-26 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Probabilistic Analysis of the Sacco and Vanzetti Evidence is aBayesian analysis of the trial and post-trial evidence in the Saccoand Vanzetti case, based on subjectively determined probabilitiesand assumed relationships among evidential events. It applies theideas of charting evidence and probabilistic assessment to thiscase, which is perhaps the ranking cause celebre in all of Americanlegal history. Modern computation methods applied to inferencenetworks are used to show how the inferential force of evidence ina complicated case can be graded. The authors employ probabilisticassessment to obtain opinions about how influential each group ofevidential items is in reaching a conclusion about the defendants'innocence or guilt. A Probabilistic Analysis of the Sacco and Vanzetti Evidence holdsparticular interest for statisticians and probabilists in academiaand legal consulting, as well as for the legal community,historians, and behavioral scientists. It combines structural andprobabilistic ideas in the analysis of masses of evidence fromevery recognized logical species of evidence. Twenty-eight chartsshow the chains of reasoning in defense of the relevance ofevidentiary matters and a listing of trial witnesses who providedthe evidence. References include nearly 300 items drawn from thefields of probability theory, history, law, artificialintelligence, psychology, literature, and other areas.
Book Synopsis Realistic Decision Theory by : Paul Weirich
Download or read book Realistic Decision Theory written by Paul Weirich and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-09-16 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within traditional decision theory, common decision principles -- e.g. the principle to maximize utility -- generally invoke idealization; they govern ideal agents in ideal circumstances. In Realistic Decision Theory, Paul Weirch adds practicality to decision theory by formulating principles applying to nonideal agents in nonideal circumstances, such as real people coping with complex decisions. Bridging the gap between normative demands and psychological resources, Realistic Decision Theory is essential reading for theorists seeking precise normative decision principles that acknowledge the limits and difficulties of human decision-making.
Book Synopsis Probability and the Art of Judgment by : Richard C. Jeffrey
Download or read book Probability and the Art of Judgment written by Richard C. Jeffrey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-03-27 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spanning a period of 35 years, this collection of essays includes some of the classic works of one of the most distinquished and influential philosophers working in the field of decision theory and the theory of knowledge.
Book Synopsis Interpreting Probability by : David Howie
Download or read book Interpreting Probability written by David Howie and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-08-08 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term probability can be used in two main senses. In the frequency interpretation it is a limiting ratio in a sequence of repeatable events. In the Bayesian view, probability is a mental construct representing uncertainty. This 2002 book is about these two types of probability and investigates how, despite being adopted by scientists and statisticians in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Bayesianism was discredited as a theory of scientific inference during the 1920s and 1930s. Through the examination of a dispute between two British scientists, the author argues that a choice between the two interpretations is not forced by pure logic or the mathematics of the situation, but depends on the experiences and aims of the individuals involved. The book should be of interest to students and scientists interested in statistics and probability theories and to general readers with an interest in the history, sociology and philosophy of science.
Book Synopsis Cognitive Unconscious and Human Rationality by : Laura Macchi
Download or read book Cognitive Unconscious and Human Rationality written by Laura Macchi and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-03-18 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining the role of implicit, unconscious thinking on reasoning, decision making, problem solving, creativity, and its neurocognitive basis, for a genuinely psychological conception of rationality. This volume contributes to a current debate within the psychology of thought that has wide implications for our ideas about creativity, decision making, and economic behavior. The essays focus on the role of implicit, unconscious thinking in creativity and problem solving, the interaction of intuition and analytic thinking, and the relationship between communicative heuristics and thought. The analyses move beyond the conventional conception of mind informed by extra-psychological theoretical models toward a genuinely psychological conception of rationality—a rationality no longer limited to conscious, explicit thought, but able to exploit the intentional implicit level. The contributors consider a new conception of human rationality that must cope with the uncertainty of the real world; the implications of abandoning the normative model of classic logic and adopting a probabilistic approach instead; the argumentative and linguistic aspects of reasoning; and the role of implicit thought in reasoning, creativity, and its neurological base. Contributors Maria Bagassi, Linden J. Ball, Jean Baratgin, Aron K. Barbey, Tilmann Betsch, Eric Billaut, Jean-François Bonnefon, Pierre Bonnier, Shira Elqayam, Keith Frankish, Gerd Gigerenzer, Ken Gilhooly, Denis Hilton, Anna Lang, Stefanie Lindow, Laura Macchi, Hugo Mercier, Giuseppe Mosconi, Ian R. Newman, Mike Oaksford, David Over, Guy Politzer, Johannes Ritter, Steven A. Sloman, Edward J. N. Stupple, Ron Sun, Nicole H. Therriault, Valerie A. Thompson, Emmanuel Trouche-Raymond, Riccardo Viale
Book Synopsis Reviewing the Reviewer's of Keynes's a Treatise on Probability by : Michael Brady
Download or read book Reviewing the Reviewer's of Keynes's a Treatise on Probability written by Michael Brady and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2016-09-24 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The standard view of the economics profession is that Keynes was a brilliant, intuitive, nonrigorous innovator. These essays show that Keynes backed up his intuitions with a rigorous mathematical and logical supporting analysis, which has been overlooked.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of the Mind by : Harold Pashler
Download or read book Encyclopedia of the Mind written by Harold Pashler and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2013-01-14 with total page 897 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It's hard to conceive of a topic of more broad and personal interest than the study of the mind. In addition to its traditional investigation by the disciplines of psychology, psychiatry, and neuroscience, the mind has also been a focus of study in the fields of philosophy, economics, anthropology, linguistics, computer science, molecular biology, education, and literature. In all these approaches, there is an almost universal fascination with how the mind works and how it affects our lives and our behavior. Studies of the mind and brain have crossed many exciting thresholds in recent years, and the study of mind now represents a thoroughly cross-disciplinary effort. Researchers from a wide range of disciplines seek answers to such questions as: What is mind? How does it operate? What is consciousness? This encyclopedia brings together scholars from the entire range of mind-related academic disciplines from across the arts and humanities, social sciences, life sciences, and computer science and engineering to explore the multidimensional nature of the human mind.
Book Synopsis Principles of Brain Dynamics by : Mikhail I. Rabinovich
Download or read book Principles of Brain Dynamics written by Mikhail I. Rabinovich and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2023-12-05 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental and theoretical approaches to global brain dynamics that draw on the latest research in the field. The consideration of time or dynamics is fundamental for all aspects of mental activity—perception, cognition, and emotion—because the main feature of brain activity is the continuous change of the underlying brain states even in a constant environment. The application of nonlinear dynamics to the study of brain activity began to flourish in the 1990s when combined with empirical observations from modern morphological and physiological observations. This book offers perspectives on brain dynamics that draw on the latest advances in research in the field. It includes contributions from both theoreticians and experimentalists, offering an eclectic treatment of fundamental issues. Topics addressed range from experimental and computational approaches to transient brain dynamics to the free-energy principle as a global brain theory. The book concludes with a short but rigorous guide to modern nonlinear dynamics and their application to neural dynamics.
Book Synopsis Induction, Probability, and Causation by : C.D. Broad
Download or read book Induction, Probability, and Causation written by C.D. Broad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his essay on 'Broad on Induction and Probability' (first published in 1959, reprinted in this volume), Professor G. H. von Wright writes: "If Broad's writings on induction have remained less known than some of his other contributions to philosophy . . . , one reason for this is that Broad never has published a book on the subject. It is very much to be hoped that, for the benefit of future students, Broad's chief papers on induction and probability will be collected in a single volume . . . . " The present volume attempts to perform this service to future students of induction and probability. The suggestion of publishing a volume of this kind in Synthese Library was first made by Professor Donald Davidson, one of the editors of the Library, and was partly prompted by Professor von Wright's statement. In carrying out this suggestion, the editors of Synthese Library have had the generous support of Professor Broad who has among other things supplied a new Addendum to 'The Principles of Problematic Induction' and corrected a number of misprints found in the first printings of this paper. The editors gratefully acknow ledge Professor Broad's help and encouragement. A bibliography of Professor Broad's writings (up to 1959) has been compiled by Dr. C. Lewy and has appeared in P. A. Schilpp, editor, The Philosophy of C. D. Broad (The Library of Living Philosophers), pp. 833-852.
Book Synopsis Probability, Dynamics and Causality by : D. Costantini
Download or read book Probability, Dynamics and Causality written by D. Costantini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a collection of essays on various issues in philosophy of science, with special emphasis on the foundations of probability and statistics, and quantum mechanics. The main topics, addressed by some of the most outstanding researchers in the field, are subjective probability, Bayesian statistics, probability kinematics, causal decision making, probability and realism in quantum mechanics.
Book Synopsis The Probabilistic Method by : Noga Alon
Download or read book The Probabilistic Method written by Noga Alon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-04-05 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The leading reference on probabilistic methods in combinatorics-now expanded and updated When it was first published in 1991, The Probabilistic Method became instantly the standard reference on one of the most powerful and widely used tools in combinatorics. Still without competition nearly a decade later, this new edition brings you up to speed on recent developments, while adding useful exercises and over 30% new material. It continues to emphasize the basic elements of the methodology, discussing in a remarkably clear and informal style both algorithmic and classical methods as well as modern applications. The Probabilistic Method, Second Edition begins with basic techniques that use expectation and variance, as well as the more recent martingales and correlation inequalities, then explores areas where probabilistic techniques proved successful, including discrepancy and random graphs as well as cutting-edge topics in theoretical computer science. A series of proofs, or "probabilistic lenses," are interspersed throughout the book, offering added insight into the application of the probabilistic approach. New and revised coverage includes: * Several improved as well as new results * A continuous approach to discrete probabilistic problems * Talagrand's Inequality and other novel concentration results * A discussion of the connection between discrepancy and VC-dimension * Several combinatorial applications of the entropy function and its properties * A new section on the life and work of Paul Erdös-the developer of the probabilistic method
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Overview of Modern Surgical Approaches to Intrinsic Brain Tumors by : Kaisorn Chaichana
Download or read book Comprehensive Overview of Modern Surgical Approaches to Intrinsic Brain Tumors written by Kaisorn Chaichana and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Overview of Modern Surgical Approaches to Intrinsic Brain Tumors addresses limitations in the scientific literature by focusing primarily on surgical approaches to various intrinsic neoplasms using diagrams and step-by-step instructions. It provides the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches, controversies, and technical considerations and discusses topics such as anatomy, pathology and animal models, imaging, open brain tumor approaches and minimally invasive approaches. Additionally, it discusses controversial treatments and the pros and cons of each. This book is a valuable source for medical students, neurosurgeons and any healthcare provider who has an interest in brain tumors and techniques to treat them. Provides a comprehensive review of different approaches, explaining them step-by- step Includes diagrams that show surgical approaches Presents the advantages and disadvantages of each approach to aid in decision-making
