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Coating And Drying Processes For Functional Films In Polymer Solar Cells From Laboratory To Pilot Scale
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Book Synopsis Coating and drying processes for functional films in polymer solar cells - from laboratory to pilot scale by : Wengeler, Lukas
Download or read book Coating and drying processes for functional films in polymer solar cells - from laboratory to pilot scale written by Wengeler, Lukas and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2014-05-05 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer solar cells can be produced by a continuous low cost coating and drying process. This work details a specialized experimental set-up to enable large scale roll to roll processing. Material properties such as surface energy, surface tension, and viscosity are presented and modelled. The impact of coating method, as well as process parameters (e.g. coating speed, shear rate, solvent composition) on process stability and film properties, is discussed.
Book Synopsis Coating and Drying Processes for Functional Films in Polymer Solar Cells - From Laboratory to Pilot Scale by : Lukas Wengeler
Download or read book Coating and Drying Processes for Functional Films in Polymer Solar Cells - From Laboratory to Pilot Scale written by Lukas Wengeler and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-09 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer solar cells can be produced by a continuous low cost coating and drying process. This work details a specialized experimental set-up to enable large scale roll to roll processing. Material properties such as surface energy, surface tension, and viscosity are presented and modelled. The impact of coating method, as well as process parameters (e.g. coating speed, shear rate, solvent composition) on process stability and film properties, is discussed. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Book Synopsis Slot die coating of lithium-ion battery electrodes by : Schmitt, Marcel
Download or read book Slot die coating of lithium-ion battery electrodes written by Schmitt, Marcel and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2016-04-04 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Li-ion battery technology could help to accelerate the transition towards renewable energy sources. In the manufacturing chain, the electrode processing by slot die coating is one of the most crucial steps. Increased line speeds and reduced scrap rates could help decrease these costs. The scope of this work is therefore the scientific elaboration of the process limits of single and subdivided, simultaneous coated multilayer films, a minimizing of edge effects and intermittent coatings.
Book Synopsis Functional Polymer Films, 2 Volume Set by : Wolfgang Knoll
Download or read book Functional Polymer Films, 2 Volume Set written by Wolfgang Knoll and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-12 with total page 1107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Very thin film materials have emerged as a highly interesting and useful quasi 2D-state functionality. They have given rise to numerous applications ranging from protective and smart coatings to electronics, sensors and display technology as well as serving biological, analytical and medical purposes. The tailoring of polymer film properties and functions has become a major research field. As opposed to the traditional treatise on polymer and resin-based coatings, this one-stop reference is the first to give readers a comprehensive view of the latest macromolecular and supramolecular film-based nanotechnology. Bringing together all the important facets and state-of-the-art research, the two well-structured volumes cover film assembly and depostion, functionality and patterning, and analysis and characterization. The result is an in-depth understanding of the phenomena, ordering, scale effects, fabrication, and analysis of polymer ultrathin films. This book will be a valuable addition for Materials Scientists, Polymer Chemists, Surface Scientists, Bioengineers, Coatings Specialists, Chemical Engineers, and Scientists working in this important research field and industry.
Book Synopsis Process-structure-property relationship of polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunction films for organic solar cells by : Benjamin Schmidt-Hansberg
Download or read book Process-structure-property relationship of polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunction films for organic solar cells written by Benjamin Schmidt-Hansberg and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2012-05-09 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photovoltaic (PV) is attracting increasing interest as an important contribution to renewable energy supply. Organic photovoltaic (OPV) is a comparable young PV technology with a great potential towards low cost solar power. This is due to the intrinsic advantage of the incorporated organic semiconductors which are soluble. Solution processing allows high throughput coating and printing processes. Hence, energy intensive high temperature and vacuum steps can be avoided which reduces the fabrication costs and keeps energy payback times low. The performance of organic solar cells strongly depends on the structure of the solution cast photoactive layer which comprises a polymer-fullerene blend. The blend structure evolves during the film drying step which has been studied in this thesis. Starting point of this work was the hypothesis that drying process parameters are suitable for systematically tuning the structure formation during drying of solution cast polymer-fullerene films in order to generate optimized structures with improved photovoltaic performance. For the evaluation of this hypothesis the structure formation of the polymer-fullerene system Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):[6,6]-Phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) was investigated incorporating i) thin film drying kinetics, ii) phase behavior of polymer-fullerene solutions, iii) structure formation and iv) the drying process-structure-property relationship of solar cells. The generality of the obtained results has been studied in comparison with the behavior of Poly{[4,40-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithieno(3,2-b;20,30-d)silole]-2,6-diyl-alt-(2,1,3-benzothidiazole)-4,7-diyl} (PSBTBT). i) Within this thesis a dedicated coating and drying setup was developed which afforded precisely defined coating and drying process conditions as prerequisite for all obtained results. For the first time, the drying behavior of finally a few hundred nanometer thin films could be investigated at five measurement positions with laser reflectometry simultaneously. This allowed the elaboration of a spatially resolved numerical thin film drying model. ii) In conjunction with the measurement and simulation of the evolution of film composition it was required to determine important instants of phase transitions such as solubility limits. Therefore the binodal region of P3HT solutions has been determined in the temperature range of 0°C-60°C. Within the unstable region P3HT solutions phase separate into a sol and a gel phase. The fullerene PCBM exhibits only a single solubility limit. iii) In order to correlate the expected phase transitions according to the phase diagrams with the real structure formation, the above mentioned coating and drying setup was combined with synchrotron based in situ grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) measurements. This gave unique insights into the mechanisms and dynamics of polymer-fullerene blend crystallization. After reaching P3HT solubility the crystallization proceeded with well-oriented interface-induced P3HT nucleation followed by P3HT crystal growth with increasing orientation distribution of the crystallites and PCBM aggregation in the final drying period. Furthermore strong polymer-fullerene interaction forces could be derived. By increasing the PCBM fraction it could be shown for the 1:2 P3HT:PCBM ratio that PCBM molecules brake the (020) π-π-stacking of P3HT lamellae which signifies a dramatic loss of hole mobility and consequently reduced device performance. It is further notable that increasing drying temperatures reduce the amount of (020) π-π-stacked P3HT molecules but lead to an increased amount of P3HT (100) crystallinity. Hence, drying temperature determines the preferred direction of crystal growth. iv) Besides a finer degree of phase separation, reduced drying temperatures also cause a higher amount of π-π-stacked polymers, longer effective polymer conjugation length, increased amount of vertical charge transport pathways and an increasingly rough topography due to larger polymer aggregates. Jointly this leads to improved power conversion efficiency at lower drying temperatures. Based on the elaborated knowledge a strategy for a 40% reduction of drying time with only small drawbacks in solar cell performance could be developed. Finally it was important to investigate the transferability of the obtained knowledge to other material systems. PSBTBT:PC71BM blends show similarities to that of P3HT:PCBM with partly interface induced polymer nucleation and subsequent fullerene aggregation in the final drying stage. The kinetics of molecular ordering however proceed fast enough such that the drying process under the investigated conditions cannot limit the structure formation. Hence, P3HT:PCBM is a suitable model system due to its sensitivity to many process parameters. According to the process influence on novel materials the results of this thesis can serve as a source for appropriate process strategies.
Book Synopsis A Comparative Study of the Morphology of Flow and Spin Coated P3HT:PCBM Films by : Jose Luz Chapa Garza
Download or read book A Comparative Study of the Morphology of Flow and Spin Coated P3HT:PCBM Films written by Jose Luz Chapa Garza and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer solar cells have emerged as a promising alternative energy source due to the possibility of mass production of solar panels with low cost processing techniques, like inkjet or offset printing and large area roll-to-roll manufacturing. The performance of polymer solar cells is highly dependent on the morphology of the photoactive layer blend. Previous studies focus on a variety of processing parameters to tune the morphology, like casting films from solvent mixtures, using processing additives, varying the photoactive blend composition ratio, and thermal annealing. Most studies on the field are laboratory oriented, involving fabricating polymer solar cells by spin coating multiple layers on conductive substrates. To this end, further studies on coating techniques that can be scaled for industrial manufacturing are necessary. Further, the coating technique as a processing parameter has not been investigated in detail.In the present work, thin films of the photoactive blend comprising poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were fabricated by flow coating, a method with the potential to be scaled to build large area solar panels, compatible with roll-to-roll manufacturing. Films were cast from different solvents and the morphology and optical properties of P3HT:PCBM blends were characterized with optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, contact angle goniometry, and grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering. The applicability of flow coating as a technique for fabricating organic photovoltaic devices was evaluated by comparing the morphology of flow and spin coated films. Experimental results show that the degree of phase separation and polymer crystallinity are higher in flow coated films, as compared to spin coated films. Heating the substrate during flow coating allowed for further tuning of the blend morphology, resulting in a smaller length scale of phase separation. Depending on the solvent and coating technique used to cast the film, blend morphologies with a range of thermal stabilities are demonstrated. Results indicate that flow coating is a suitable technique for polymer solar cell fabrication.
Book Synopsis Methods for Film Synthesis and Coating Procedures by : Laszlo Nanai
Download or read book Methods for Film Synthesis and Coating Procedures written by Laszlo Nanai and published by . This book was released on 2020-03 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Functional Coatings by : Swapan Kumar Ghosh
Download or read book Functional Coatings written by Swapan Kumar Ghosh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-07-24 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first book to concentrate on providing a concise, representative overview of polymer microencapsulation for novel organic coatings and all its chemical and engineering aspects collates the literature hitherto spread out among journals in various disciplines. It covers all the important methods for carrying out microencapsulations, including in situ polymerization, phase separation, emulsification, grinding and spray drying. The result is a solid, introduction from first-hand practitioners working in industry and research institutions for newcomers to the field. It is equally vital reading for professionals already active in the area needing to stay abreast of developments.
Download or read book Polymer Films written by Stefan A. Romano and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Film Formation in Coatings by : Theodore Provder
Download or read book Film Formation in Coatings written by Theodore Provder and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fourteen papers cover three areas of film formation: Aspects of film formation mechanism, film property development in thermoplastic and crosslinkable systems, and the morphology and film structure of the resulting films. Advanced instrumental measurements are used to define morphology and determine unique film structures as well as to provide input into models of the film formation process.
Book Synopsis Film Formation in Waterborne Coatings by : Theodore Provder
Download or read book Film Formation in Waterborne Coatings written by Theodore Provder and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers recent advances in the understanding of the film-formation process brought about by new instrumentation technology. Section I focuses on the mechanism of film formation and the uses of methods such as fluorescence spectroscopy, small-angle neutron scattering, and dielectric spectroscopy. Section II looks at measuring film mechanical properties and relating them to the film-formation process. Section III deals with relevant morphology and film structure, and Section IV details the application of novel chemistry and processes to develop unique film structures for coating systems. For materials scientists. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Functional Polymer Films, 2 Volume Set by : Wolfgang Knoll
Download or read book Functional Polymer Films, 2 Volume Set written by Wolfgang Knoll and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2011-06-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Very thin film materials have emerged as a highly interesting and useful quasi 2D-state functionality. They have given rise to numerous applications ranging from protective and smart coatings to electronics, sensors and display technology as well as serving biological, analytical and medical purposes. The tailoring of polymer film properties and functions has become a major research field. As opposed to the traditional treatise on polymer and resin-based coatings, this one-stop reference is the first to give readers a comprehensive view of the latest macromolecular and supramolecular film-based nanotechnology. Bringing together all the important facets and state-of-the-art research, the two well-structured volumes cover film assembly and depostion, functionality and patterning, and analysis and characterization. The result is an in-depth understanding of the phenomena, ordering, scale effects, fabrication, and analysis of polymer ultrathin films. This book will be a valuable addition for Materials Scientists, Polymer Chemists, Surface Scientists, Bioengineers, Coatings Specialists, Chemical Engineers, and Scientists working in this important research field and industry.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of Organic Polymer Based Films for Flexible Solar Cells by : Arshak Raffie
Download or read book Investigation of Organic Polymer Based Films for Flexible Solar Cells written by Arshak Raffie and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-12-09 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern society has created big challenges in the area of sustainable supply of energy to satisfy the needs of growing population and to account for depleting fossil fuel resources. The Irish Government has set targets for the energy sector by 2020, with 33% of electricity to be generated from renewable sources. Organic photovoltaic devices offer several advantages over expensive silicon solar cells, including deposition of ultra-thin films by spin-coating, printing and spray-coating. This in turn provides for the exciting possibility to make lightweight, flexible solar cells for a broad range of existing and emerging applications for security, military and medicine.This research project was inspired by the current drive into finding alternative technologies and materials for the design and manufacture of advanced solar cells.
Book Synopsis Performance and Durability of Polymer Solar Cells by Low-temperature Drying Process and Hfo2 Blocking Layer by : 林恩詠
Download or read book Performance and Durability of Polymer Solar Cells by Low-temperature Drying Process and Hfo2 Blocking Layer written by 林恩詠 and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Improving the Processability of Large-area Conjugated Polymer Thin Films for Use in Organic and Tandem Silicon/perovskite Photovoltaics by : Rory Runser
Download or read book Improving the Processability of Large-area Conjugated Polymer Thin Films for Use in Organic and Tandem Silicon/perovskite Photovoltaics written by Rory Runser and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin films of polymers are required for a myriad of technological applications, ranging from simple protective coatings to advanced multilayer laminates for flexible electronic devices. A class of polymers called conjugated polymers is of particular interest due to their ability to transport electronic charge while retaining mechanical deformability. These mechanical and electronic properties are easily tunable via synthetic modification of the polymer structure, resulting in a rich diversity of materials available for study. As such, conjugated polymers have been widely incorporated in next-generation thin-film photovoltaic technologies, as a layer added to improve charge transport, light absorption, or both. Nevertheless, the vast majority of studies of these materials utilize solution processing techniques (e.g. spin-coating, blade-coating, etc.) that inherently require planar substrates. This dissertation will discuss several polymer thin film processing techniques that yield large-area free-standing polymer films, which can then be coated onto a variety of flexible, textured, and non-planar surfaces. The development and characterization of a continuous, roll-to-roll deposition process is used to generate large-area organic solar cells, as well as to coat conjugated polymer films uniformly onto a textile substrate for flexible fabric-mounted PV. In addition, a batch process deposition technique will be shown for application of polymer films onto the surface of micro-pyramids, a key requirement for tandem perovskite silicon solar cells. Lastly, solar cell encapsulation techniques for extending the lifetime of perovskite solar cells will be discussed. Ultimately, such developments will help to advance the processability and performance of next-generation photovoltaic technologies.
Book Synopsis Polymer Blend Film for Photovoltaic Applications Optical Characterization and Solar Cell Performance by : Annie Ng
Download or read book Polymer Blend Film for Photovoltaic Applications Optical Characterization and Solar Cell Performance written by Annie Ng and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Polymer Blend Film for Photovoltaic Applications Optical Characterization and Solar Cell Performance" by Annie, Ng, 吳玥, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Sunlight is sustainable, clean and readily available energy source, which is one of the potential alternatives to the traditional energy sources. Recently, the organic photovoltaics (OPVs), in particular polymer solar cells (PSCs), have attracted increasing attention owing to their outstanding properties such as low cost, lightweight, flexible, allowing vacuum-free fabrication process and thin-film architecture. These advantageous material and manufacturing features of PSCs provide the opportunities for many novel applications. However, the lower power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of PSCs compared to inorganic solar cells hinder their competition in the marketplace. This thesis covers the basic principles of the PSC, strategies for enhancing PCEs as well as the recent development of PSCs. The importance of the source materials has been also demonstrated and discussed. Due to a large number of possibilities, limited resources and time, it is not feasible to do all the work experimentally. Therefore, for continuing advance development of PSCs, the device performance should be modeled as a function of material parameters, which requires the knowledge of material properties, in particular the complex index of refraction N= n - ik. Accurate determination of the optical functions of the active layers and light trapping layers commonly used in PSCs by using the spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) has been demonstrated. In order to acquire reliable solutions, the methodology including multiple sample analysis, combinations of different measurement techniques, selection of models, the rigorous fitting procedures and the independent verification have been proposed. The obtained information can be used in the simulation to optimize device architectures, model device performance as well as characterize novel materials. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5153702 Subjects: Conducting polymers Solar cells
