Climate Change And Managed Ecosystems

Download Climate Change And Managed Ecosystems full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Climate Change And Managed Ecosystems ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Climate Change and Managed Ecosystems

Author : Jagtar Bhatti
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 142003779X
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Climate Change and Managed Ecosystems by : Jagtar Bhatti

Download or read book Climate Change and Managed Ecosystems written by Jagtar Bhatti and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-12-20 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring contributions from leading experts in the field, Climate Change and Managed Ecosystems examines the effects of global climate change on intensively constructed or reconstructed ecosystems, focusing on land use changes in relation to forestry, agriculture, and wetlands including peatlands. The book begins by discussing the fragility of ecosystems in the face of changing climates, particularly through human caused increases in atmospheric GHGs. The chapters delineate how and why the climate has changed and what can be expected to occur in the foreseeable future. They identify the potential adaptation responses to reduce the impacts of a changing climate. Using this information as a foundation, the chapter authors examine what is known about the impacts of climate on agricultural, forested, and wetland ecosystems. They illustrate the importance of these ecosystems in the global carbon cycle and discuss the potential interaction between terrestrial and atmospheric carbon pools under changing climactic conditions. The book delineates what needs to be done to ensure continued stability in these ecosystems. It includes a description of activities that have been undertaken in the past to identify gaps in understanding GHG emissions from agriculture, forests, and wetlands and their mitigation, as well as current research initiatives to address these gaps. The book presents an overview of how economic reasoning can be applied to climate change and illustrates how terrestrial carbon-uptake credits (offset credits) operate within the Kyoto Protocol framework. By identifying gaps in the current understanding of adaptation of mitigation strategies, the book underscores the need to make management of these ecosystems part of a global solution.

Managing Forest Ecosystems: The Challenge of Climate Change

Author : Felipe Bravo
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789048117437
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (174 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Managing Forest Ecosystems: The Challenge of Climate Change by : Felipe Bravo

Download or read book Managing Forest Ecosystems: The Challenge of Climate Change written by Felipe Bravo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-08-29 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate changes, particularly warming trends, have been recorded around the globe. For many countries, these changes in climate have become evident through insect epidemics (e.g., Mountain Pine Beetle epidemic in Western Canada, bark beetle in secondary spruce forests in Central Europe), water shortages and intense forest fires in the Mediterranean countries (e.g., 2005 droughts in Spain), and unusual storm activities (e.g., the 2004 South-East Asia Tsunami). Climate changes are expected to impact vegetation as manifested by changes in vegetation extent, migration of species, tree species composition, growth rates, and mortality. The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has included discussions on how forests may be impacted, and how they may be used to mitigate the impacts of changes in climate, to possibly slow the rate of change. This book provides current scientific information on the biological and economical impacts of climate changes in forest environments, as well as information on how forest management activities might mitigate these impacts, particularly through carbon sequestration. Case studies from a wide geographic range are presented. This information is beneficial to managers and researchers interested in climate change and impacts upon forest environments and economic activities. This volume, which forms part of Springer’s book series Managing Forest Ecosystems, presents state-of-the-art research results, visions and theories, as well as specific methods for sustainable forest management in changing climatic conditions.

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Management Options

Author : James M. Vose
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466572752
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Management Options by : James M. Vose

Download or read book Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Management Options written by James M. Vose and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-12-05 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest land managers face the challenges of preparing their forests for the impacts of climate change. However, climate change adds a new dimension to the task of developing and testing science-based management options to deal with the effects of stressors on forest ecosystems in the southern United States. The large spatial scale and complex interactions make traditional experimental approaches difficult. Yet, the current progression of climate change science offers new insights from recent syntheses, models, and experiments, providing enough information to start planning now for a future that will likely include an increase in disturbances and rapid changes in forest conditions. Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Management Options: A Guide for Natural Resource Managers in Southern Forest Ecosystems provides a comprehensive analysis of forest management options to guide natural resource management in the face of future climate change. Topics include potential climate change impacts on wildfire, insects, diseases, and invasives, and how these in turn might affect the values of southern forests that include timber, fiber, and carbon; water quality and quantity; species and habitats; and recreation. The book also considers southern forest carbon sequestration, vulnerability to biological threats, and migration of native tree populations due to climate change. This book utilizes the most relevant science and brings together science experts and land managers from various disciplines and regions throughout the south to combine science, models, and on-the-ground experience to develop management options. Providing a link between current management actions and future management options that would anticipate a changing climate, the authors hope to ensure a broader range of options for managing southern forests and protecting their values in the future.

Climate Change and Agricultural Ecosystems

Author : Krishna Kumar Choudhary
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0128175222
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Climate Change and Agricultural Ecosystems by : Krishna Kumar Choudhary

Download or read book Climate Change and Agricultural Ecosystems written by Krishna Kumar Choudhary and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-05-04 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate Change and Agricultural Ecosystems explains the causative factors of climate change related to agriculture, soil and plants, and discusses the relevant resulting mitigation process. Agricultural ecosystems include factors from the surrounding areas where agriculture experiences direct or indirect interaction with the plants, animals, and microbes present. Changes in climatic conditions influence all the factors of agricultural ecosystems, which can potentially adversely affect their productivity. This book summarizes the different aspects of vulnerability, adaptation, and amelioration of climate change in respect to plants, crops, soil, and microbes for the sustainability of the agricultural sector and, ultimately, food security for the future. It also focuses on the utilization of information technology for the sustainability of the agricultural sector along with the capacity and adaptability of agricultural societies under climate change. Climate Change and Agricultural Ecosystems incorporates both theoretical and practical aspects, and serves as base line information for future research. This book is a valuable resource for those working in environmental sciences, soil sciences, agricultural microbiology, plant pathology, and agronomy. Covers the role of chemicals fertilizers, environmental deposition, and xenobiotics in climate change Discusses the impact of climate change on plants, soil, microflora, and agricultural ecosystems Explores the mitigation of climate change by sustainable methods Presents the role of computational modelling in climate change mitigation

Climate Change and Forest Ecosystems

Author : Silvia Lac
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781631177484
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (774 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Climate Change and Forest Ecosystems by : Silvia Lac

Download or read book Climate Change and Forest Ecosystems written by Silvia Lac and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on climate change and forest ecosystems (impacts, mitigation, vulnerability and adaptation), and includes work from various international institutions that consider forests as part of the solution to address climate change. The book aims to increase the understanding of forest ecosystems dynamics in response to a changing climate; to address deforestation; and maximise carbon sequestration in forests and forest products. Community and political issues involved at various project and ecosystem scales are discussed in detail. By advancing and exchanging knowledge that is complimentary to the UNFCCC-IPCC framework, our team of editors and authors hope to add a valuable contribution to address global climate change in relation to forestry and forest ecosystems in vulnerable locations. It includes work from various institutions and international contributors. Book chapters include a wide variety of topics on climate change impacts, mitigation, vulnerability and adaptation of forests. Our team of editors, reviewers, and authors are honoured to be part of this project; truly an example of international co-operation and articulation within the climate change community.

Routledge Handbook of Ecosystem Services

Author : Marion Potschin
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317687035
Total Pages : 929 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of Ecosystem Services by : Marion Potschin

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Ecosystem Services written by Marion Potschin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-01-22 with total page 929 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea that nature provides services to people is one of the most powerful concepts to have emerged over the last two decades. It is shaping our understanding of the role that biodiverse ecosystems play in the environment and their benefits for humankind. As a result, there is a growing interest in operational and methodological issues surrounding ecosystem services amongst environmental managers, and many institutions are now developing teaching programmes to equip the next generation with the skills needed to apply the concepts more effectively. This handbook provides a comprehensive reference text on ecosystem services, integrating natural and social science (including economics). Collectively the chapters, written by the world's leading authorities, demonstrate the importance of biodiversity for people, policy and practice. They also show how the value of ecosystems to society can be expressed in monetary and non-monetary terms, so that the environment can be better taken into account in decision making. The significance of the ecosystem service paradigm is that it helps us redefine and better communicate the relationships between people and nature. It is shown how these are essential to resolving challenges such as sustainable development and poverty reduction, and the creation of a green economy in developing and developed world contexts.

Advancing the Science of Climate Change

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309145880
Total Pages : 526 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Advancing the Science of Climate Change by : National Research Council

Download or read book Advancing the Science of Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-10 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for-and in many cases is already affecting-a broad range of human and natural systems. The compelling case for these conclusions is provided in Advancing the Science of Climate Change, part of a congressionally requested suite of studies known as America's Climate Choices. While noting that there is always more to learn and that the scientific process is never closed, the book shows that hypotheses about climate change are supported by multiple lines of evidence and have stood firm in the face of serious debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. As decision makers respond to these risks, the nation's scientific enterprise can contribute through research that improves understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and also is useful to decision makers at the local, regional, national, and international levels. The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to identify decisions being made in response to climate change. Advancing the Science of Climate Change calls for a single federal entity or program to coordinate a national, multidisciplinary research effort aimed at improving both understanding and responses to climate change. Seven cross-cutting research themes are identified to support this scientific enterprise. In addition, leaders of federal climate research should redouble efforts to deploy a comprehensive climate observing system, improve climate models and other analytical tools, invest in human capital, and improve linkages between research and decisions by forming partnerships with action-oriented programs.

Ecosystem Collapse and Climate Change

Author : Josep G. Canadell
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303071330X
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Ecosystem Collapse and Climate Change by : Josep G. Canadell

Download or read book Ecosystem Collapse and Climate Change written by Josep G. Canadell and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-19 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human-driven greenhouse emissions are increasing the velocity of climate change and the frequency and intensity of climate extremes far above historical levels. These changes, along with other human-perturbations, are setting the conditions for more rapid and abrupt ecosystem dynamics and collapse. This book presents new evidence on the rapid emergence of ecosystem collapse in response to the progression of anthropogenic climate change dynamics that are expected to intensify as the climate continues to warm. Discussing implications for biodiversity conservation, the chapters provide examples of such dynamics globally covering polar and boreal ecosystems, temperate and semi-arid ecosystems, as well as tropical and temperate coastal ecosystems. Given its scope, the volume appeals to scientists in the fields of general ecology, terrestrial and coastal ecology, climate change impacts, and biodiversity conservation.

Climate Change and Rocky Mountain Ecosystems

Author : Jessica Halofsky
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319569287
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Climate Change and Rocky Mountain Ecosystems by : Jessica Halofsky

Download or read book Climate Change and Rocky Mountain Ecosystems written by Jessica Halofsky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-19 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the result of a team of approximately 100 scientists and resource managers who worked together for two years to understand the effects of climatic variability and change on water resources, fisheries, forest vegetation, non-forest vegetation, wildlife, recreation, cultural resources and ecosystem services. Adaptation options, both strategic and tactical, were developed for each resource area. This information is now being applied in the northern rocky Mountains to ensure long-term sustainability in resource conditions. The volume chapters provide a technical assessment of the effects of climatic variability and change on natural and cultural resources, based on best available science, including new analyses obtained through modeling and synthesis of existing data. Each chapter also contains a summary of adaptation strategies (general) and tactics (on-the-ground actions) that have been developed by science-management teams.

Loss and Damage from Climate Change

Author : Reinhard Mechler
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319720260
Total Pages : 557 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Loss and Damage from Climate Change by : Reinhard Mechler

Download or read book Loss and Damage from Climate Change written by Reinhard Mechler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-28 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an authoritative insight on the Loss and Damage discourse by highlighting state-of-the-art research and policy linked to this discourse and articulating its multiple concepts, principles and methods. Written by leading researchers and practitioners, it identifies practical and evidence-based policy options to inform the discourse and climate negotiations. With climate-related risks on the rise and impacts being felt around the globe has come the recognition that climate mitigation and adaptation may not be enough to manage the effects from anthropogenic climate change. This recognition led to the creation of the Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage in 2013, a climate policy mechanism dedicated to dealing with climate-related effects in highly vulnerable countries that face severe constraints and limits to adaptation. Endorsed in 2015 by the Paris Agreement and effectively considered a third pillar of international climate policy, debate and research on Loss and Damage continues to gain enormous traction. Yet, concepts, methods and tools as well as directions for policy and implementation have remained contested and vague. Suitable for researchers, policy-advisors, practitioners and the interested public, the book furthermore: • discusses the political, legal, economic and institutional dimensions of the issue• highlights normative questions central to the discourse • provides a focus on climate risks and climate risk management. • presents salient case studies from around the world.

Atlas of Ecosystem Services

Author : Matthias Schröter
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319962299
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Atlas of Ecosystem Services by : Matthias Schröter

Download or read book Atlas of Ecosystem Services written by Matthias Schröter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to identify, present and discuss key driving forces and pressures on ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are the contributions that ecosystems provide to human well-being. The scope of this atlas is on identifying solutions and lessons to be applied across science, policy and practice. The atlas will address different components of ecosystem services, assess risks and vulnerabilities, and outline governance and management opportunities. The atlas will therefore attract a wide audience, both from policy and practice and from different scientific disciplines. The emphasis will be on ecosystems in Europe, as the available data on service provision is best developed for this region and recognizes the strengths of the contributing authors. Ecosystems of regions outside Europe will be covered where possible.

Environmental Management of Marine Ecosystems

Author : Md. Nazrul Islam
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351649973
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Environmental Management of Marine Ecosystems by : Md. Nazrul Islam

Download or read book Environmental Management of Marine Ecosystems written by Md. Nazrul Islam and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-03-09 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) is one of the most holistic approaches to protecting marine and coastal ecosystems as it recognizes the need to protect entire marine ecosystems instead of individual species. After decades of pollution, habitat degradation and overfishing, now climate change and ocean acidification threaten the health of the ocean in unprecedented way. Environmental Management of Marine Ecosystems illustrates the current status, trends, and effects of climate, natural disturbances and anthropogenic impacts on marine ecosystems. It demonstrates how to integrate different management tools and models in an up-to-date, multidisciplinary approach to environmental management. This indispensable guide provides several case studies from around the world and creates a framework for identifying management tools and their applications in coral reefs, fisheries, migratory species, marine islands and associated ecosystems such as mangroves and sea grass beds. It discusses the physical and chemical compositions of marine ecosystems along with the threats and actions needed to protect them. The application of model framework to several contemporary management issues include the modelling of harmful algal bloom dynamics, understanding the dispersal of sea lice, and the possible impacts on intertidal communities of the provision of novel offshore habitat. The results of extensive research by an international team of contributors, the Environmental Management of Marine Ecosystems is designed to inform scientists, practitioners, academics, government and non-government policymakers on the particularities of marine ecosystems and assist them in understanding the EBM approaches in means of mitigation and adaptation of human activities that result in sustainability. These practices will help change the current methodologies used for resource assessment and the future regulations of marine resources.

The Terrestrial Biosphere and Global Change

Author : Brian Walker
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521624800
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (248 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Terrestrial Biosphere and Global Change by : Brian Walker

Download or read book The Terrestrial Biosphere and Global Change written by Brian Walker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-03-25 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarises understanding of global change interactions with terrestrial ecosystems.

Sustainable Water and Environmental Management in the California Bay-Delta

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309256224
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Sustainable Water and Environmental Management in the California Bay-Delta by : National Research Council

Download or read book Sustainable Water and Environmental Management in the California Bay-Delta written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-10-01 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensively modified over the last century and a half, California's San Francisco Bay Delta Estuary remains biologically diverse and functions as a central element in California's water supply system. Uncertainties about the future, actions taken under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) and companion California statues, and lawsuits have led to conflict concerning the timing and amount of water that can be diverted from the Delta for agriculture, municipal, and industrial purposes and concerning how much water is needed to protect the Delta ecosystem and its component species. Sustainable Water and Environmental Management in the California Bay-Delta focuses on scientific questions, assumptions, and conclusions underlying water-management alternatives and reviews the initial public draft of the Bay Delta Conservation Plan in terms of adequacy of its use of science and adaptive management. In addition, this report identifies the factors that may be contributing to the decline of federally listed species, recommend future water-supple and delivery options that reflect proper consideration of climate change and compatibility with objectives of maintaining a sustainable Bay-Delta ecosystem, advises what degree of restoration of the Delta system is likely to be attainable, and provides metrics that can be used by resource managers to measure progress toward restoration goals.

Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems

Author : Brian Harrison Walker
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521578103
Total Pages : 654 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (781 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems by : Brian Harrison Walker

Download or read book Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems written by Brian Harrison Walker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-11-13 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This major new book presents a collection of essays by leading authorities who address the current state of knowledge. The chapters bring together the early results of an international scientific research program designed to address what will happen to our ability to produce food and fiber, and what effects there will be on biological diversity under rapid environmental change. This book addresses how these changes to terrestrial ecosystems will feed back to further environmental change. International in scope, this state-of-the-art assessment will interest policymakers, students and scientists interested in global change, climate change and biodiversity. Special features include descriptions of a dynamic global vegetation model, developing generic crop models and a special section on the emerging discipline of global ecology.

Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change Adaptation in Urban Areas

Author : Nadja Kabisch
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319560913
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change Adaptation in Urban Areas by : Nadja Kabisch

Download or read book Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change Adaptation in Urban Areas written by Nadja Kabisch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book brings together research findings and experiences from science, policy and practice to highlight and debate the importance of nature-based solutions to climate change adaptation in urban areas. Emphasis is given to the potential of nature-based approaches to create multiple-benefits for society. The expert contributions present recommendations for creating synergies between ongoing policy processes, scientific programmes and practical implementation of climate change and nature conservation measures in global urban areas. Except where otherwise noted, this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity

Author : Yeqiao Wang
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 042981934X
Total Pages : 605 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity by : Yeqiao Wang

Download or read book Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity written by Yeqiao Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-05-19 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by world-class scientists and scholars, The Handbook of Natural Resources, Second Edition, is an excellent reference for understanding the consequences of changing natural resources to the degradation of ecological integrity and the sustainability of life. Based on the content of the bestselling and CHOICE-awarded Encyclopedia of Natural Resources, this new edition demonstrates the major challenges that the society is facing for the sustainability of all well-being on the planet Earth. The experience, evidence, methods, and models used in studying natural resources are presented in six stand-alone volumes, arranged along the main systems of land, water, and air. It reviews state-of-the-art knowledge, highlights advances made in different areas, and provides guidance for the appropriate use of remote sensing and geospatial data with field-based measurements in the study of natural resources. Volume 1, Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity, provides fundamental information on terrestrial ecosystems, approaches to monitoring, and impacts of climate change on natural vegetation and forests. New to this edition are discussions on biodiversity conservation, gross and net primary production, soil microbiology, land surface phenology, and decision support systems. This volume demonstrates the key processes, methods, and models used through many case studies from around the world. Written in an easy-to-reference manner, The Handbook of Natural Resources, Second Edition, as individual volumes or as a complete set, is an essential reading for anyone looking for a deeper understanding of the science and management of natural resources. Public and private libraries, educational and research institutions, scientists, scholars, and resource managers will benefit enormously from this set. Individual volumes and chapters can also be used in a wide variety of both graduate and undergraduate courses in environmental science and natural science at different levels and disciplines, such as biology, geography, earth system science, and ecology.