Circulation

Download Circulation full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Circulation ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

The Cerebral Circulation

Download The Cerebral Circulation PDF Online Free

Author : Marilyn J. Cipolla
Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615047239
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

Book Synopsis The Cerebral Circulation by : Marilyn J. Cipolla

Download or read book The Cerebral Circulation written by Marilyn J. Cipolla and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.

The Ocular Circulation

Download The Ocular Circulation PDF Online Free

Author : Jeffrey W. Kiel
Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615041699
Total Pages : 83 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

Book Synopsis The Ocular Circulation by : Jeffrey W. Kiel

Download or read book The Ocular Circulation written by Jeffrey W. Kiel and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2011-02-01 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This presentation describes the unique anatomy and physiology of the vascular beds that serve the eye. The needs for an unobstructed light path from the cornea to the retina and a relatively fixed corneal curvature and distance between refractive structures pose significant challenges for the vasculature to provide nutrients and remove metabolic waste. To meet these needs, the ocular vascular beds are confined to the periphery of the posterior two thirds of the eye and a surrogate circulation provides a continuous flow of aqueous humor to nourish the avascular cornea, lens and vitreous compartment. The production of aqueous humor (and its ease of egress from the eye) also generates the intraocular pressure (IOP), which maintains the shape of the eye. However, the IOP also exerts a compressing force on the ocular blood vessels that is higher than elsewhere in the body. This is particularly true for the intraocular veins, which must have a pressure higher than IOP to remain patent, and so the IOP is the effective venous pressure for the intraocular vascular beds. Consequently, the ocular circulation operates at a lower perfusion pressure gradient than elsewhere in the body and is more at risk for ischemic damage when faced with low arterial pressure, particularly if IOP is elevated. This risk and the specialized tissues of the eye give rise to the fascinating physiology of the ocular circulations.

Circulation and Control

Download Circulation and Control PDF Online Free

Author : Marie-Stéphanie Delamaire
Publisher : Open Book Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1800641494
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (6 download)

Book Synopsis Circulation and Control by : Marie-Stéphanie Delamaire

Download or read book Circulation and Control written by Marie-Stéphanie Delamaire and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2021-10-08 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nineteenth century witnessed a series of revolutions in the production and circulation of images. From lithographs and engraved reproductions of paintings to daguerreotypes, stereoscopic views, and mass-produced sculptures, works of visual art became available in a wider range of media than ever before. But the circulation and reproduction of artworks also raised new questions about the legal rights of painters, sculptors, engravers, photographers, architects, collectors, publishers, and subjects of representation (such as sitters in paintings or photographs). Copyright and patent laws tussled with informal cultural norms and business strategies as individuals and groups attempted to exert some degree of control over these visual creations. With contributions by art historians, legal scholars, historians of publishing, and specialists of painting, photography, sculpture, and graphic arts, this rich collection of essays explores the relationship between intellectual property laws and the cultural, economic, and technological factors that transformed the pictorial landscape during the nineteenth century. This book will be valuable reading for historians of art and visual culture; legal scholars who work on the history of copyright and patent law; and literary scholars and historians who work in the field of book history. It will also resonate with anyone interested in current debates about the circulation and control of images in our digital age.

The Circulation of the Blood

Download The Circulation of the Blood PDF Online Free

Author : William Harvey
Publisher : Cosimo, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1596052295
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (96 download)

Book Synopsis The Circulation of the Blood by : William Harvey

Download or read book The Circulation of the Blood written by William Harvey and published by Cosimo, Inc.. This book was released on 2006-05-01 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If the pulsations of the arteries fan and refrigerate the several parts of the body as the lungs do the heart, how comes it, as is commonly said, that the arteries carry the vital blood into the different parts, abundantly charged with vital spirits, which cherish the heat of these parts, sustain them when asleep, and recruit them when exhausted? and how should it happen that, if you tie the arteries, immediately the parts not only become torpid, and frigid, and look pale, but at length cease even to be nourished?-from the IntroductionThis seminal work of medical literature, first published in 1628, spells out in clear, lucid language how the human heart pumps blood around the body via its own exclusive circulatory route. What seems like an obvious concept to us today was in fact quite revolutionary at the time: Harvey's defiance of the medical "common knowledge" of his time laid the groundwork for all modern investigations of the circulatory system, and may be the most momentous discovery of 17th-century medicine.This important volume also includes a series of letters from Harvey to his medical colleagues in which he defends his then-astonishing theories, plus Harvey's "The Anatomy of Thomas Parr," a fascinating 1635 report on the dissection of the corpse of "a poor farmer of extremely advanced age."OF INTEREST TO: readers of scientific history, medical studentsBritish naturalist, anatomist, and doctor WILLIAM HARVEY (1578-1657) was educated at Cambridge, Canterbury, and Padua, and became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1607. He served as court physician to both King James I and King Charles I.

The Mechanics of the Circulation

Download The Mechanics of the Circulation PDF Online Free

Author : C. G. Caro
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521151775
Total Pages : 551 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (211 download)

Book Synopsis The Mechanics of the Circulation by : C. G. Caro

Download or read book The Mechanics of the Circulation written by C. G. Caro and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic book outlines the anatomy and physiology of the circulation and explains the mechanical principles that govern it.

Circulation

Download Circulation PDF Online Free

Author : François Brunet
Publisher : Terra Foundation for the Arts
ISBN 13 : 9780932171610
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (716 download)

Book Synopsis Circulation by : François Brunet

Download or read book Circulation written by François Brunet and published by Terra Foundation for the Arts. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a category in art history, circulation is rooted in the contemporary context of Internet culture and the digital image. Yet circulation, as a broader concept for the movement of art across time and space in vastly different cultural and media contexts, has been a factor in the history of the arts in the United States since at least the eighteenth century. The third volume in the Terra Foundation Essays series, Circulation brings together an international and interdisciplinary team of scholars, including Thierry Gervais, Tom Gunning, J. M. Mancini, Frank Mehring, and Hélène Valance, who map the multiple planes where artistic meaning has been produced by the circulation of art from the eighteenth century to the present. The book looks at both broad historical trends and the successes and failures of particular works of art from a wide variety of artists and styles. Together, the contributions significantly expand the conceptual and methodological terrain of scholarship on American art.

The Gastrointestinal Circulation

Download The Gastrointestinal Circulation PDF Online Free

Author : Peter R. Kvietys
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1615041176
Total Pages : 127 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

Book Synopsis The Gastrointestinal Circulation by : Peter R. Kvietys

Download or read book The Gastrointestinal Circulation written by Peter R. Kvietys and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The microcirculation of the gastrointestinal tract is under the control of both myogenic and metabolic regulatory systems. The myogenic mechanism contributes to basal vascular tone and the regulation of transmural pressure, while the metabolic mechanism is responsible for maintaining an appropriate balance between O2 demand and O2 delivery. In the postprandial state, hydrolytic products of food digestion elicit a hyperemia, which serves to meet the increased O2 demand of nutrient assimilation. Metabolically linked factors (e.g., tissue pO2, adenosine) are primarily responsible for this functional hyperemia. The fenestrated capillaries of the gastrointestinal mucosa are relatively permeable to small hydrolytic products of food digestion (e.g., glucose), yet restrict the transcapillary movement of larger molecules (e.g., albumin). This allows for the absorption of hydrolytic products of food digestion without compromising the oncotic pressure gradient governing transcapillary fluid movement and edema formation. The gastrointestinal microcirculation is also an important component of the mucosal defense system whose function is to prevent (and rapidly repair) inadvertent epithelial injury by potentially noxious constituents of chyme. Two pathological conditions in which the gastrointestinal circulation plays an important role are ischemia/reperfusion and chronic portal hypertension. Ischemia/reperfusion results in mucosal edema and disruption of the epithelium due, in part, to an inflammatory response (e.g., increase in capillary permeability to macromolecules and neutrophil infiltration). Chronic portal hypertension results in an increase in gastrointestinal blood flow due to an imbalance in vasodilator and vasoconstrictor influences on the microcirculation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy / Regulation of Vascular Tone and Oxygenation / Extrinsic Vasoregulation: Neural and Humoral / Postprandial Hyperemia / Transcapillary Solute Exchange / Transcapillary Fluid Exchange / Interaction of Capillary and Interstitial Forces / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Defense / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Pathology I: Ischemia/Reperfusion / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Pathology II: Chronic Portal Hypertension / Summary and Conclusions / References / Author Biography

Skeletal Muscle Circulation

Download Skeletal Muscle Circulation PDF Online Free

Author : Ronald J. Korthuis
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1615041834
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

Book Synopsis Skeletal Muscle Circulation by : Ronald J. Korthuis

Download or read book Skeletal Muscle Circulation written by Ronald J. Korthuis and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this treatise is to summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms for blood flow control to skeletal muscle under resting conditions, how perfusion is elevated (exercise hyperemia) to meet the increased demand for oxygen and other substrates during exercise, mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of regular physical activity on cardiovascular health, the regulation of transcapillary fluid filtration and protein flux across the microvascular exchange vessels, and the role of changes in the skeletal muscle circulation in pathologic states. Skeletal muscle is unique among organs in that its blood flow can change over a remarkably large range. Compared to blood flow at rest, muscle blood flow can increase by more than 20-fold on average during intense exercise, while perfusion of certain individual white muscles or portions of those muscles can increase by as much as 80-fold. This is compared to maximal increases of 4- to 6-fold in the coronary circulation during exercise. These increases in muscle perfusion are required to meet the enormous demands for oxygen and nutrients by the active muscles. Because of its large mass and the fact that skeletal muscles receive 25% of the cardiac output at rest, sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction in vessels supplying this tissue allows central hemodynamic variables (e.g., blood pressure) to be spared during stresses such as hypovolemic shock. Sympathetic vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle in such pathologic conditions also effectively shunts blood flow away from muscles to tissues that are more sensitive to reductions in their blood supply that might otherwise occur. Again, because of its large mass and percentage of cardiac output directed to skeletal muscle, alterations in blood vessel structure and function with chronic disease (e.g., hypertension) contribute significantly to the pathology of such disorders. Alterations in skeletal muscle vascular resistance and/or in the exchange properties of this vascular bed also modify transcapillary fluid filtration and solute movement across the microvascular barrier to influence muscle function and contribute to disease pathology. Finally, it is clear that exercise training induces an adaptive transformation to a protected phenotype in the vasculature supplying skeletal muscle and other tissues to promote overall cardiovascular health. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle and Its Vascular Supply / Regulation of Vascular Tone in Skeletal Muscle / Exercise Hyperemia and Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation During Muscular Activity / Microvascular Fluid and Solute Exchange in Skeletal Muscle / Skeletal Muscle Circulation in Aging and Disease States: Protective Effects of Exercise / References

Ocean Circulation

Download Ocean Circulation PDF Online Free

Author : Andreas Schmittner
Publisher : American Geophysical Union
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 828 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

Book Synopsis Ocean Circulation by : Andreas Schmittner

Download or read book Ocean Circulation written by Andreas Schmittner and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2007-01-09 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The meridional overturning circulation is a system of surface and deep currents encompassing all ocean basins. It transports large amounts of water, heat, salt, carbon, nutrients and other substances around the globe, and connects the surface ocean and atmosphere with the huge reservoir of the deep sea. As such, it is of critical importance to the global climate system. This monograph summarizes the current state of knowledge of this current system, how it has changed in the past and how it may change in the future, its driving mechanisms, and the impacts of its variability on climate, ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles.

Deep Ocean Circulation

Download Deep Ocean Circulation PDF Online Free

Author : T. Teramoto
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080870977
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (79 download)

Book Synopsis Deep Ocean Circulation by : T. Teramoto

Download or read book Deep Ocean Circulation written by T. Teramoto and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1993-05-10 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume comprises the final report of the research project entitled the Dynamics of the Deep Ocean Circulation. The layered structure of the subsurface circulation, which had been predicted in the hypothetical model proposed prior to the research, is verified through Eulerian and Lagrangian measurements of current. By the use of the numerical model, the deep circulation of the Philippine Sea, which has been long supposed to be isolated from the North Pacific, is revealed to be derived in close association with that of the latter ocean. Behavior of the deep current around the equator is also clarified by numerical modeling. By the extensive use of sediment trapping technology, it becomes clear that sinking sediments play an important role in the distribution of chemical substances in the deep ocean. Graduate students in the field of oceanography will find this a good textbook.

The Effect of Editorial Competition on Newspaper Circulation

Download The Effect of Editorial Competition on Newspaper Circulation PDF Online Free

Author : Charles J. Romeo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

Book Synopsis The Effect of Editorial Competition on Newspaper Circulation by : Charles J. Romeo

Download or read book The Effect of Editorial Competition on Newspaper Circulation written by Charles J. Romeo and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Atmospheric General Circulation

Download The Atmospheric General Circulation PDF Online Free

Author : John M. Wallace
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108474241
Total Pages : 423 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

Book Synopsis The Atmospheric General Circulation by : John M. Wallace

Download or read book The Atmospheric General Circulation written by John M. Wallace and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-03-31 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An engaging, comprehensive, richly illustrated advanced undergraduate and graduate level textbook about the atmospheric general circulation, written by leading researchers. This textbook relates fundamental theoretical principles to observations, and contains extensive exercises and online resources.

Coronary Circulation in the Normal and the Pathologic Heart

Download Coronary Circulation in the Normal and the Pathologic Heart PDF Online Free

Author : Giorgio Baroldi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

Book Synopsis Coronary Circulation in the Normal and the Pathologic Heart by : Giorgio Baroldi

Download or read book Coronary Circulation in the Normal and the Pathologic Heart written by Giorgio Baroldi and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Circulation of the Blood

Download Circulation of the Blood PDF Online Free

Author : Alfred P. Fishman
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1461475465
Total Pages : 871 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

Book Synopsis Circulation of the Blood by : Alfred P. Fishman

Download or read book Circulation of the Blood written by Alfred P. Fishman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-05-26 with total page 871 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Capturing the real spirit of creativity in physiology, this book explores the personal elements involved in scientific discovery. Circulation of the Blood is the story of the people and achievements that have changed the way we've come to view the human body. The authors, renowned for their extensive experience in the field, examine the heritage of creative genius involved in physiology and trace the historical development of ideas relating to various aspects of circulation of the blood. Their comprehensive coverage goes from the early discoveries of the Greeks and Romans up to modern times.

General Circulation Model Development

Download General Circulation Model Development PDF Online Free

Author : David A. Randall
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080507239
Total Pages : 849 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

Book Synopsis General Circulation Model Development by : David A. Randall

Download or read book General Circulation Model Development written by David A. Randall and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-07-19 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General Circulation Models (GCMs) are rapidly assuming widespread use as powerful tools for predicting global events on time scales of months to decades, such as the onset of EL Nino, monsoons, soil moisture saturation indices, global warming estimates, and even snowfall predictions. While GCMs have been praised for helping to foretell the current El Nino and its impact on droughts in Indonesia, its full power is only now being recognized by international scientists and governments who seek to link GCMs to help them estimate fish harvests, risk of floods, landslides, and even forest fires. Scientists in oceanography, hydrology, meteorology, and climatology and civil, ocean, and geological engineers perceive a need for a reference on GCM design. In this compilation of information by an internationally recognized group of experts, Professor Randall brings together the knowledge base of the forerunners in theoretical and applied frontiers of GCM development. General Circulation Model Development focuses on the past, present, and future design of numerical methods for general circulation modeling, as well as the physical parameterizations required for their proper implementation. Additional chapters on climate simulation and other applications provide illustrative examples of state-of-the-art GCM design. Key Features * Foreword by Norman Phillips * Authoritative overviews of current issues and ideas on global circulation modeling by leading experts * Retrospective and forward-looking chapters by Akio Arakawa of UCLA * Historical perspectives on the early years of general circulation modeling * Indispensable reference for researchers and graduate students

Global Atmospheric Circulation Statistics, 1958-1973

Download Global Atmospheric Circulation Statistics, 1958-1973 PDF Online Free

Author : Abraham H. Oort
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

Book Synopsis Global Atmospheric Circulation Statistics, 1958-1973 by : Abraham H. Oort

Download or read book Global Atmospheric Circulation Statistics, 1958-1973 written by Abraham H. Oort and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The circulation in plants, in the lower animals, and in man

Download The circulation in plants, in the lower animals, and in man PDF Online Free

Author : James Bell Pettigrew
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 690 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

Book Synopsis The circulation in plants, in the lower animals, and in man by : James Bell Pettigrew

Download or read book The circulation in plants, in the lower animals, and in man written by James Bell Pettigrew and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: