Children and Cultural Memory in Texts of Childhood

Download Children and Cultural Memory in Texts of Childhood PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134498632
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (344 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Children and Cultural Memory in Texts of Childhood by : Heather Snell

Download or read book Children and Cultural Memory in Texts of Childhood written by Heather Snell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-07 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this collection address the relationship between children and cultural memory in texts both for and about young people. The collection overall is concerned with how cultural memory is shaped, contested, forgotten, recovered, and (re)circulated, sometimes in opposition to dominant national narratives, and often for the benefit of young readers who are assumed not to possess any prior cultural memory. From the innovative development of school libraries in the 1920s to the role of utopianism in fixing cultural memory for teen readers, it provides a critical look into children and ideologies of childhood as they are represented in a broad spectrum of texts, including film, poetry, literature, and architecture from Canada, the United States, Japan, Germany, Britain, India, and Spain. These cultural forms collaborate to shape ideas and values, in turn contributing to dominant discourses about national and global citizenship. The essays included in the collection imply that childhood is an oft-imagined idealist construction based in large part on participation, identity, and perception; childhood is invisible and tangible, exciting and intriguing, and at times elusive even as cultural and literary artifacts recreate it. Children and Cultural Memory in Texts of Childhood is a valuable resource for scholars of children’s literature and culture, readers interested in childhood and ideology, and those working in the fields of diaspora and postcolonial studies.

Children and Cultural Memory in Texts of Childhood

Download Children and Cultural Memory in Texts of Childhood PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134498705
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (344 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Children and Cultural Memory in Texts of Childhood by : Heather Snell

Download or read book Children and Cultural Memory in Texts of Childhood written by Heather Snell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-07 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this collection address the relationship between children and cultural memory in texts both for and about young people. The collection overall is concerned with how cultural memory is shaped, contested, forgotten, recovered, and (re)circulated, sometimes in opposition to dominant national narratives, and often for the benefit of young readers who are assumed not to possess any prior cultural memory. From the innovative development of school libraries in the 1920s to the role of utopianism in fixing cultural memory for teen readers, it provides a critical look into children and ideologies of childhood as they are represented in a broad spectrum of texts, including film, poetry, literature, and architecture from Canada, the United States, Japan, Germany, Britain, India, and Spain. These cultural forms collaborate to shape ideas and values, in turn contributing to dominant discourses about national and global citizenship. The essays included in the collection imply that childhood is an oft-imagined idealist construction based in large part on participation, identity, and perception; childhood is invisible and tangible, exciting and intriguing, and at times elusive even as cultural and literary artifacts recreate it. Children and Cultural Memory in Texts of Childhood is a valuable resource for scholars of children’s literature and culture, readers interested in childhood and ideology, and those working in the fields of diaspora and postcolonial studies.

Children, Childhood and Cultural Heritage

Download Children, Childhood and Cultural Heritage PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0415529948
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (155 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Children, Childhood and Cultural Heritage by : Kate Darian-Smith

Download or read book Children, Childhood and Cultural Heritage written by Kate Darian-Smith and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores how the everyday experiences of children, and their imaginative and creative worlds, are collected, interpreted and displayed in museums and on monuments, and represented through objects and cultural lore.

Reinventing Childhood Nostalgia

Download Reinventing Childhood Nostalgia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317068467
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reinventing Childhood Nostalgia by : Elisabeth Wesseling

Download or read book Reinventing Childhood Nostalgia written by Elisabeth Wesseling and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-11 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While Romantic-era concepts of childhood nostalgia have been understood as the desire to retrieve the ephemeral mindset of the child, this collection proposes that the emergence of digital media has altered this reflective gesture towards the past. No longer is childhood nostalgia reliant on individual memory. Rather, it is associated through contemporary convergence culture with the commodities of one's youth as they are recycled from one media platform to another. Essays in the volume's first section identify recurrent patterns in the recycling, adaptation, and remediation of children's toys and media, providing context for section two's exploration of childhood nostalgia in memorial practices. In these essays, the contributors suggest that childhood toys and media play a role in the construction of s the imagined communities (Benedict Anderson) that define nations and nationalism. Eschewing the dichotomy between restorative and reflexive nostalgia, the essays in section three address the ethics of nostalgia in terms of child agency and depictions of childhood. In a departure from the notion that childhood nostalgia is the exclusive prerogative of narrative fiction, section four looks for its traces in the child sciences. Pushing against nostalgia's persistent associations with wishful thinking, false memories, and distortion, this collection suggests nostalgia is never categorically good or bad in itself, but owes its benefits or defects to the ways in which it is brought to bear on the representation of children and childhood.

Researching Children's Popular Culture

Download Researching Children's Popular Culture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134553382
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (345 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Researching Children's Popular Culture by : Claudia Mitchell

Download or read book Researching Children's Popular Culture written by Claudia Mitchell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-06-29 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The place of childhood in popular culture is one that invites new readings both on childhood itself, but also on approaches to studying childhood. Discussing different methods of researching children's popular culture, they argue that the interplay of the age of the players, the status of their popular culture, the transience of the objects, and indeed the ephemerality - and long lastingness - of childhood, all contribute to what could be regarded as a particularized space for childhood studies - and one that challenges many of the conventions of "doing research" involving children.

The Early Reader in Children's Literature and Culture

Download The Early Reader in Children's Literature and Culture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317394763
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Early Reader in Children's Literature and Culture by : Jennifer Miskec

Download or read book The Early Reader in Children's Literature and Culture written by Jennifer Miskec and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first volume to consider the popular literary category of Early Readers – books written and designed for children who are just beginning to read independently. It argues that Early Readers deserve more scholarly attention and careful thought because they are, for many younger readers, their first opportunity to engage with a work of literature on their own, to feel a sense of mastery over a text, and to experience pleasure from the act of reading independently. Using interdisciplinary approaches that draw upon and synthesize research being done in education, child psychology, sociology, cultural studies, and children’s literature, the volume visits Early Readers from a variety of angles: as teaching tools; as cultural artifacts that shape cultural and individual subjectivity; as mass produced products sold to a niche market of parents, educators, and young children; and as aesthetic objects, works of literature and art with specific conventions. Examining the reasons such books are so popular with young readers, as well as the reasons that some adults challenge and censor them, the volume considers the ways Early Readers contribute to the construction of younger children as readers, thinkers, consumers, and as gendered, raced, classed subjects. It also addresses children’s texts that have been translated and sold around the globe, examining them as part of an increasingly transnational children’s media culture that may add to or supplant regional, ethnic, and national children’s literatures and cultures. While this collection focuses mostly on books written in English and often aimed at children living in the US, it is important to acknowledge that these Early Readers are a major US cultural export, influencing the reading habits and development of children across the globe.

Canon Constitution and Canon Change in Children’s Literature

Download Canon Constitution and Canon Change in Children’s Literature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1317397029
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Canon Constitution and Canon Change in Children’s Literature by : Bettina Kümmerling-Meibauer

Download or read book Canon Constitution and Canon Change in Children’s Literature written by Bettina Kümmerling-Meibauer and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on the (de)canonization processes in children’s literature, considering the construction and cultural-historical changes of canons in different children’s literatures. Chapters by international experts in the field explore a wide range of different children’s literatures from Great Britain, Germany, Scandinavia, the Low Countries, Eastern and Central Europe, as well as from Non-European countries such as Australia, Israel, and the United States. Situating the inquiry within larger literary and cultural studies conversations about canonicity, the contributors assess representative authors and works that have encountered changing fates in the course of canon history. Particular emphasis is given to sociological canon theories, which have so far been under-represented in canon research in children’s literature. The volume therefore relates historical changes in the canon of children’s literature not only to historical changes in concepts of childhood but to more encompassing political, social, economic, cultural, and ideological shifts. This volume’s comparative approach takes cognizance of the fact that, if canon formation is an important cultural factor in nation-building processes, a comparative study is essential to assessing transnational processes in canon formation. This book thus renders evident the structural similarities between patterns and strategies of canon formation emerging in different children’s literatures.

Children's Literature and Culture of the First World War

Download Children's Literature and Culture of the First World War PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317361679
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Children's Literature and Culture of the First World War by : Lissa Paul

Download or read book Children's Literature and Culture of the First World War written by Lissa Paul and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because all wars in the twenty-first century are potentially global wars, the centenary of the first global war is the occasion for reflection. This volume offers an unprecedented account of the lives, stories, letters, games, schools, institutions (such as the Boy Scouts and YMCA), and toys of children in Europe, North America, and the Global South during the First World War and surrounding years. By engaging with developments in Children’s Literature, War Studies, and Education, and mining newly available archival resources (including letters written by children), the contributors to this volume demonstrate how perceptions of childhood changed in the period. Children who had been constructed as Romantic innocents playing safely in secure gardens were transformed into socially responsible children actively committing themselves to the war effort. In order to foreground cross-cultural connections across what had been perceived as ‘enemy’ lines, perspectives on German, American, British, Australian, and Canadian children’s literature and culture are situated so that they work in conversation with each other. The multidisciplinary, multinational range of contributors to this volume make it distinctive and a particularly valuable contribution to emerging studies on the impact of war on the lives of children.

The Child in Question

Download The Child in Question PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000191281
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Child in Question by : Julie C. Garlen

Download or read book The Child in Question written by Julie C. Garlen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-05-13 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is a child? The concept of childhood is so familiar that we tend to assume its universality. However, the meaning of childhood is always being negotiated, not only by the imaginations of adults, but also by nations, markets, history and children themselves. Yet, as much as the question is considered by the social world, the contributions in this book remind readers that children are also active, embodied, and inquiring agents engaged in figuring a relationship with that the world they inherit. This book’s unifying theme, "The child in question," emerges from an assertation that childhood has boundaries far more elastic than can be held by the familiar notion of the innocent child developing toward a heteronormative future. The title pays homage to the work of sociologist, Diana Gittins, who, over twenty years ago, asked how the shifting meanings of children and childhood impact the lives of children. The contributions of this book examine contemporary educational policy and practice, curriculum material, literary and visual representations, and teacher narratives to further probe how and why it matters that childhood, as a concept and experience, remains as multiple and elusive as ever. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the journal, Curriculum Inquiry.

The Nation and the Child

Download The Nation and the Child PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9027264031
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Nation and the Child by : Yael Darr

Download or read book The Nation and the Child written by Yael Darr and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2018-05-23 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nation and the Child – Nation Building in Hebrew Children’s Literature, 1930–1970 is the first comprehensive study to investigate the active role of children’s literature in the intensive cultural project of building a Hebrew nation. Which social actors and institutions participated in creating a Hebrew children’s literature? How did they envision their young readership and what new cultural roles did they prescribe for them through literary texts? How tolerant was the children’s literary field to alternative or even subversive national options and how did the perceptions of the “national child” change in the transition from the pre-state Jewish settlement in Palestine to a sovereign state? This book seeks to provide answers to such questions by focusing on the literary activities of leading taste-setters and writers for children, from the most intense period of Israeli nation building – the 1930s and 1940s, the two last decades of the pre-state era, and the 1950s, the first decade following the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 – through the 1960s, when the nation-building fervor gradually waned.

(Re)imagining the World

Download (Re)imagining the World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642367607
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis (Re)imagining the World by : Yan Wu

Download or read book (Re)imagining the World written by Yan Wu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Re)Imagining the world: Children’s Literature’s Response to Changing Times considers how writers of fiction for children imagine ‘the world’, not one universal world, but different worlds: imaginary, strange, familiar, even monstrous worlds. The chapters in this collection discuss how fiction for children engages with some of the changes brought about by new technologies, information literacy, consumerism, migration, politics, different family structures, cosmopolitanism, new and old monsters. They also invite us to think about how memory shapes our understanding of the past, and how fiction engages our emotions, our capacity to empathise, and our desire to discover, and what the future may hold. The contributors bring different perspectives from education, postcolonial studies, literary criticism, cultural studies, childhood studies, postmodernism, and the social sciences. With a wide coverage of texts from different countries, and scholarly and lively discussions, this collection is itself a testament to the power of the human imagination and the significance of children’s literature in the education of young people. ​

Children's Literature and the Posthuman

Download Children's Literature and the Posthuman PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136674845
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (366 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Children's Literature and the Posthuman by : Zoe Jaques

Download or read book Children's Literature and the Posthuman written by Zoe Jaques and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-02-11 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation of identity formation in children's literature, this book brings together children’s literature and recent critical concerns with posthuman identity to argue that children’s fiction offers sophisticated interventions into debates about what it means to be human, and in particular about humanity’s relationship to animals and the natural world. In complicating questions of human identity, ecology, gender, and technology, Jaques engages with a multifaceted posthumanism to understand how philosophy can emerge from children's fantasy, disclosing how such fantasy can build upon earlier traditions to represent complex issues of humanness to younger audiences. Interrogating the place of the human through the non-human (whether animal or mechanical) leads this book to have interpretations that radically depart from the critical tradition, which, in its concerns with the socialization and representation of the child, has ignored larger epistemologies of humanness. The book considers canonical texts of children's literature alongside recent bestsellers and films, locating texts such as Gulliver’s Travels (1726), Pinocchio (1883) and the Alice books (1865, 1871) as important works in the evolution of posthuman ideas. This study provides radical new readings of children’s literature and demonstrates that the genre offers sophisticated interventions into the nature, boundaries and dominion of humanity.

Civil Rights Childhood

Download Civil Rights Childhood PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
ISBN 13 : 1452943702
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (529 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Civil Rights Childhood by : Katharine Capshaw

Download or read book Civil Rights Childhood written by Katharine Capshaw and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2014-12-01 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood joy, pleasure, and creativity are not often associated with the civil rights movement. Their ties to the movement may have faded from historical memory, but these qualities received considerable photographic attention in that tumultuous era. Katharine Capshaw’s Civil Rights Childhood reveals how the black child has been—and continues to be—a social agent that demands change. Because children carry a compelling aura of human value and potential, images of African American children in the wake of Brown v. Board of Education had a powerful effect on the fight for civil rights. In the iconography of Emmett Till and the girls murdered in the 1963 Birmingham church bombings, Capshaw explores the function of children’s photographic books and the image of the black child in social justice campaigns for school integration and the civil rights movement. Drawing on works ranging from documentary photography, coffee-table and art books, and popular historical narratives and photographic picture books for the very young, Civil Rights Childhood sheds new light on images of the child and family that portrayed liberatory models of blackness, but it also considers the role photographs played in the desire for consensus and closure with the rise of multiculturalism. Offering rich analysis, Capshaw recovers many obscure texts and photographs while at the same time placing major names like Langston Hughes, June Jordan, and Toni Morrison in dialogue with lesser-known writers. An important addition to thinking about representation and politics, Civil Rights Childhood ultimately shows how the photobook—and the aspirations of childhood itself—encourage cultural transformation.

The Development of Memory in Infancy and Childhood

Download The Development of Memory in Infancy and Childhood PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135419817
Total Pages : 423 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (354 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Development of Memory in Infancy and Childhood by : Mary L. Courage

Download or read book The Development of Memory in Infancy and Childhood written by Mary L. Courage and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2008-09-08 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human memory is not only the repository of our past but the essence of who we are. As such, it is of enduring fascination. We marvel at its resilience in some situations and its fragility in others. The origin of this extraordinary cognitive capacity in infancy and childhood is the focus of vigorous research and debate as we seek to understand the record of our earliest beginnings. The first edition of this volume, The Development of Memory in Childhood, documented the state-of-the-art science of memory development a decade ago. This new edition, The Development of Memory in Infancy and Childhood, provides a thorough update and expansion of the previous text and offers reviews of new research on significant themes and ideas that have emerged since then. Topics include basic memory processes in infants and toddlers, the cognitive neuroscience of memory development, the cognitive and social factors that underlie our memory for implicit and explicit events, autobiographical memory and infantile amnesia, working memory, the role of strategies and knowledge in driving memory development, and the impact of stress and emotion on these basic processes. The book also includes applications of basic memory processes to a variety of real world settings from the courtroom to the classroom. Including contributions from many of the best researchers in the field, this classic yet contemporary volume will appeal to senior undergraduate and graduate students of developmental and cognitive psychology as well as to developmental psychologists who want a compendium of current reviews on key topics in memory development.

Fantasy and the Real World in British Children's Literature

Download Fantasy and the Real World in British Children's Literature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317935748
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (179 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Fantasy and the Real World in British Children's Literature by : Caroline Webb

Download or read book Fantasy and the Real World in British Children's Literature written by Caroline Webb and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-09-15 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the children’s books of three extraordinary British writers—J.K. Rowling, Diana Wynne Jones, and Terry Pratchett—and investigates their sophisticated use of narrative strategies not only to engage children in reading, but to educate them into becoming mature readers and indeed individuals. The book demonstrates how in quite different ways these writers establish reader expectations by drawing on conventions in existing genres only to subvert those expectations. Their strategies lead young readers to evaluate for themselves both the power of story to shape our understanding of the world and to develop a sense of identity and agency. Rowling, Jones, and Pratchett provide their readers with fantasies that are pleasurable and imaginative, but far from encouraging escape from reality, they convey important lessons about the complexities and challenges of the real world—and how these may be faced and solved. All three writers deploy the tropes and imaginative possibilities of fantasy to disturb, challenge, and enlarge the world of their readers.

Discourses of Postcolonialism in Contemporary British Children's Literature

Download Discourses of Postcolonialism in Contemporary British Children's Literature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317962621
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (179 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Discourses of Postcolonialism in Contemporary British Children's Literature by : Blanka Grzegorczyk

Download or read book Discourses of Postcolonialism in Contemporary British Children's Literature written by Blanka Grzegorczyk and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-03 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers how contemporary British children’s books engage with some of the major cultural debates of recent years, and how they resonate with the current preoccupations and tastes of the white mainstream British reading public. A central assumption of this volume is that Britain’s imperial past continues to play a key role in its representations of race, identity, and history. The insistent inclusion of questions relating to colonialism and power structures in recent children’s novels exposes the complexities and contradictions surrounding the fictional treatment of race relations and ethnicity. Postcolonial children’s literature in Britain has been inherently ambivalent since its cautious beginnings: it is both transgressive and authorizing, both undercutting and excluding. Grzegorczyk considers the ways in which children’s fictions have worked with and against particular ideologies of race. The texts analyzed in this collection portray ethnic minorities as complex, hybrid products of colonialism, global migrations, and the ideology of multiculturalism. By examining the ideological content of these novels, Grzegorczyk demonstrates the centrality of the colonial past to contemporary British writing for the young.

Literary Cultures and Twentieth-Century Childhoods

Download Literary Cultures and Twentieth-Century Childhoods PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030353923
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Literary Cultures and Twentieth-Century Childhoods by : Rachel Conrad

Download or read book Literary Cultures and Twentieth-Century Childhoods written by Rachel Conrad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-12 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays offers innovative methodological and disciplinary approaches to the intersection of Anglophone literary cultures with children and childhoods across the twentieth century. In two acts of re-centering, the volume focuses both on the multiplicity of childhoods and literary cultures and on child agency. Looking at classic texts for young audiences and at less widely-read and unpublished material (across genres including poetry, fiction, historical fiction or biography, picturebooks, and children’s television), essays foreground the representation of child voices and subjectivities within texts, explore challenges to received notions of childhood, and emphasize the role of child-oriented texts in larger cultural and political projects. Chapters frame themes of spectacle, self, and specularity across the twentieth-century; question tropes of childhood; explore identity and displacement in narrating history and culture; and elevate children as makers of literary culture. A major intent of the volume is to approach literary culture not just as produced by adults for consumption by children but also as co-created by young people through their actions as speakers, artists, readers, and writers.