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Chess Skill In Man And Machine
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Book Synopsis Chess Skill in Man and Machine by : P. W. Frey
Download or read book Chess Skill in Man and Machine written by P. W. Frey and published by Springer. This book was released on 1983-04-07 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ten years of intensive effort on computer chess have produced notable progress. Although the background information and technical details that were written in 1975 for the first edition of this book are still valid in most essential points, hardware and software refinements have had a major impact on the effectiveness of these ideas. The current crop of chess machines are performing at unexpectedly high levels. The approach epitomized by the series of programs developed by David Slate and Larry Atkin at Northwestern in the middle 1970s (i. e. , a sophisticated search algorithm using very little chess knowledge) was expected to reach an asymptbtic level of performance no higher than that of a class A player (USCF rating between 1800 and 2000). This perspective was argued quite vigorously by Eliot Hearst in Chapter 8 of the first edition and was held at that time by many chess experts. Subsequent events have clearly demonstrated that the asymptotic performance level for this type of pro gram it at least as high as the master level (USCF rating between 2200 and 2400). Current discussions now focus upon whether the earlier reser vations were wrong in principle or simply underestimated the asymptote. If there is a real barrier which will prevent this type of program from attaining a world championship level of performance, it is not evident from the steady progress which has been observed during the last decade.
Book Synopsis Chess Skill in Man and Machine by : P. W. Frey
Download or read book Chess Skill in Man and Machine written by P. W. Frey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ten years of intensive effort on computer chess have produced notable progress. Although the background information and technical details that were written in 1975 for the first edition of this book are still valid in most essential points, hardware and software refinements have had a major impact on the effectiveness of these ideas. The current crop of chess machines are performing at unexpectedly high levels. The approach epitomized by the series of programs developed by David Slate and Larry Atkin at Northwestern in the middle 1970s (i. e. , a sophisticated search algorithm using very little chess knowledge) was expected to reach an asymptbtic level of performance no higher than that of a class A player (USCF rating between 1800 and 2000). This perspective was argued quite vigorously by Eliot Hearst in Chapter 8 of the first edition and was held at that time by many chess experts. Subsequent events have clearly demonstrated that the asymptotic performance level for this type of pro gram it at least as high as the master level (USCF rating between 2200 and 2400). Current discussions now focus upon whether the earlier reser vations were wrong in principle or simply underestimated the asymptote. If there is a real barrier which will prevent this type of program from attaining a world championship level of performance, it is not evident from the steady progress which has been observed during the last decade.
Book Synopsis The Psychology of Chess Skill by : Dennis H. Holding
Download or read book The Psychology of Chess Skill written by Dennis H. Holding and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-10-07 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both chess play and psychological research offer rewards to their participants in the form of intellectual satisfaction. It seems to follow that combining these two forms of activity, by carrying out research into chess play, should be a particularly engaging enterprise. In the mid-1980s enough was now known for it to be feasible to tell a reasonably satisfying story by piecing together the accumulated results of experiments on chess. There were remaining gaps in knowledge, but the structure of chess skill had at least become sufficiently evident to exhibit where the gaps lay. Originally published in 1985, this book was an attempt to summarize the progress that had been made at the time, recounting some of the components of the research process while describing how the chessplayer seems to think, imagine, and decide.
Book Synopsis Computer Chess Compendium by : D. LEVY
Download or read book Computer Chess Compendium written by D. LEVY and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years I have been interested in computer chess and have collected almost every learned paper and article on the subject that I could find. My files are now quite large, and a considerable amount of time, effort and expense has been required to build up this collection. I have often thought how difficult it must be for many computer chess enthusiasts to acquire copies of articles that they see referenced in some other work. Unless one has access to a good reference library, the task is almost impossible. I therefore decided to try to make available, in one volume, as many as possible of the most interesting and important articles and papers ever written on the subject. Such a selection is naturally somewhat subjective, and I hope that I will not offend authors whose works have been excluded. In particular I have decided to exclude any material which has appeared in the Journal of the International Computer Chess Association (ICCA), or in its precursor, the ICCA Newsletter. The reason is simply that the ICCA itself is in the process of compiling a compendium containing the most important material published in those sources. For further information on ICCA membership and publications the reader is invited to contact: Professor H. 1. van den Herik, or Dr Jonathan Schaeffer University of Limburg, Computing Science Dcpaitment, Department of Computer Science University of Alberta, 6200 MD Maastricht Edmonton Netherlands Alberta, Canada T6G 2HI.
Book Synopsis Advances in Artificial Intelligence by : Martin C. Golumbic
Download or read book Advances in Artificial Intelligence written by Martin C. Golumbic and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research in artificial intelligence, natural language processing and knowledge-based systems has blossomed during the past decade. At national and international symposia as well as in research centers and universities all over the world, these subjects have been the focus of intense debate and study. This is equally true in Israel which has hosted several international forums on these topics. The articles in this book represent a selection of contributions presented at recent AI conferences held in Israel. A theoretical model for a system that learns from its own experience in playing board games is presented in Learning from Experience in Board Games by Ze'ev Ben-Porat and Martin Golumbic. The model enables such a system to enhance and improve its playing capabilities through the use of a learning mechanism which extracts knowledge from actual playing experience. The learning process requires no external guidance or assistance. This model was implemented and tested on a variant of "Chinese Checkers. " The paper shows the feasibility and validity of the proposed model and investigates the parameters that affect its performance traits. The experimental results give evidence of the validity of the model as a powerful learning mechanism. Original and general algorithms for knowledge extraction and pattern matching were designed and tested as part of the prototype computer system. Analysis of the performance characteristics of these algorithms indicates that they can handle large knowledge bases in an efficient manner.
Download or read book Beautiful Mates written by Ben P. Walls and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 1997-10 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A synopsis of eminent computer chess programs reveal that they are designed around a 'brute force' approach. An argument is made that by continuing the 'brute force' search approach, computer chess development is moving away from human evaluation methods. Research is done into studies of evaluation methods, and a discovery is made that humans use a form of intuition, called their 'sense of beauty', to choose the best chess move. A paper by Margulies is cited which formulates principles of beauty which apply to chess. Three versions of a chess program are developed, using no heuristics, standard chess heuristics, and beauty heuristics formulated from Margulies principles. The performance of the three versions of the program are compared using chess puzzles, and rated for how quickly they find the solution, and how few nodes they evaluate. Graphs are produced from the results of these tests, showing that beauty heuristics are, on average, 15% faster at finding the solution, and evaluate 10% fewer nodes. An improvement is implemented in all versions of the program which biases the search towards better moves, resulting in the beauty heuristics success rising to an average of 25% faster to the solution, and evaluating 33% fewer nodes, than the other heuristics. It is concluded that the beauty heuristics are closer to the way that humans evaluate chess positions.
Book Synopsis Human and Machine Problem Solving by : K.J. Gilhooly
Download or read book Human and Machine Problem Solving written by K.J. Gilhooly and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Problem solving is a central topic for both cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence (AI). Psychology seeks to analyze naturally occur ring problem solving into hypothetical processes, while AI seeks to synthesize problem-solving performance from well-defined processes. Psychology may suggest possible processes to AI and, in turn, AI may suggest plausible hypotheses to psychology. It should be useful for both sides to have some idea of the other's contribution-hence this book, which brings together overviews of psychological and AI re search in major areas of problem solving. At a more general level, this book is intended to be a contribution toward comparative cognitive science. Cognitive science is the study of intelligent systems, whether natural or artificial, and treats both organ isms and computers as types of information-processing systems. Clearly, humans and typical current computers have rather different functional or cognitive architectures. Thus, insights into the role of cognitive ar chitecture in performance may be gained by comparing typical human problem solving with efficient machine problem solving over a range of tasks. Readers may notice that there is little mention of connectionist ap proaches in this volume. This is because, at the time of writing, such approaches have had little or no impact on research at the problem solving level. Should a similar volume be produced in ten years or so, of course, a very different story may need to be told.
Download or read book Man vs. Machine written by Karsten Müller and published by SCB Distributors. This book was released on 2018-10-30 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Man vs. Machine Technology continues to advance at a rapid pace. It may sound quaint today, but not so long ago, computers battled humans for supremacy at the game of chess. The challenge of building a computer program capable of defeating the best of human-kind at chess was one of the original grand challenges of the fledgling field of artificial intelligence. On one side were dedicated scientists and hobbyists who invested decades of effort developing the software and hardware technology; on the other side were incredibly talented humans with only their determination and preparation to withstand the onslaught of technology. The man versus machine battle in chess is a landmark in the history of technology. There are numerous books that document the technical aspects of this epic story. The human side is not often told. Few chess players are inclined to write about their man-machine encounters, other than annotating the games played. This book brings the two sides together. It tells the stories of many of the key scientists and chess players that participated in a 50-year research project to advance the understanding of computing technology. “Grandmaster Karsten Müller and Professor Jonathan Schaeffer have managed to describe the fascinating history of the unequal fight of man against machine in an entertaining and instructive way. It evoked pleasant and not so pleasant memories of my own fights against the monsters. I hope that their work gives you as much pleasure as it has given me.” – From the Foreword by Vladimir Kramnik, 14th World Chess Champion
Book Synopsis Behind Deep Blue by : Feng-hsiung Hsu
Download or read book Behind Deep Blue written by Feng-hsiung Hsu and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-03 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The riveting quest to construct the machine that would take on the world’s greatest human chess player—told by the man who built it On May 11, 1997, millions worldwide heard news of a stunning victory, as a machine defeated the defending world chess champion, Garry Kasparov. Behind Deep Blue tells the inside story of the quest to create the mother of all chess machines and what happened at the two historic Deep Blue vs. Kasparov matches. Feng-hsiung Hsu, the system architect of Deep Blue, reveals how a modest student project started at Carnegie Mellon in 1985 led to the production of a multimillion-dollar supercomputer. Hsu discusses the setbacks, tensions, and rivalries in the race to develop the ultimate chess machine, and the wild controversies that culminated in the final triumph over the world's greatest human player. With a new foreword by Jon Kleinberg and a new preface from the author, Behind Deep Blue offers a remarkable look at one of the most famous advances in artificial intelligence, and the brilliant toolmaker who invented it.
Book Synopsis Philosophy Looks at Chess by : Benjamin Hale
Download or read book Philosophy Looks at Chess written by Benjamin Hale and published by Open Court. This book was released on 2012-03-30 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chess, the ancient strategy game, meets the latest, cutting-edge philosophy in this unique book. When 12 philosophers weigh in on one of the world's oldest and most beloved pastimes, the results are often surprising. Philosophical concepts as varied as phenomenology and determinism share the page with a treatise on hip-hop chess tactics and the question of whether Garry Kasparov is, in fact, a cyborg. Putting forth a remarkable array of different views on chess from philosophers with varied chess-proficiency, Philosophy Looks at Chess is an engaging read for chess adherents and the philosophically inclined alike.
Book Synopsis Scalable Search in Computer Chess by : Ernst A. Heinz
Download or read book Scalable Search in Computer Chess written by Ernst A. Heinz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Das Buch präsentiert neue Ergebnisse der Computerschach-Forschung in den Bereichen der selektiven Vorwärts-Baumbeschneidung, der effizienten Anwendung spieltheoretischen Wissens und des Suchverhaltens bei zunehmender Suchtiefe. Es zeigt, wie man die bereits gut abgestimmte Spielbaumsuche bei immer höheren Suchtiefen noch besser skalierbar macht.
Download or read book Deep Thinking written by Garry Kasparov and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2017-05-02 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Garry Kasparov's 1997 chess match against the IBM supercomputer Deep Blue was a watershed moment in the history of technology. It was the dawn of a new era in artificial intelligence: a machine capable of beating the reigning human champion at this most cerebral game. That moment was more than a century in the making, and in this breakthrough book, Kasparov reveals his astonishing side of the story for the first time. He describes how it felt to strategize against an implacable, untiring opponent with the whole world watching, and recounts the history of machine intelligence through the microcosm of chess, considered by generations of scientific pioneers to be a key to unlocking the secrets of human and machine cognition. Kasparov uses his unrivaled experience to look into the future of intelligent machines and sees it bright with possibility. As many critics decry artificial intelligence as a menace, particularly to human jobs, Kasparov shows how humanity can rise to new heights with the help of our most extraordinary creations, rather than fear them. Deep Thinking is a tightly argued case for technological progress, from the man who stood at its precipice with his own career at stake.
Book Synopsis Toward a General Theory of Expertise by : K. Anders Ericsson
Download or read book Toward a General Theory of Expertise written by K. Anders Ericsson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1991-08-30 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last twenty years our understanding of expertise has dramatically increased. Laboratory analysis of chess masters, experts in physics and medicine, musicians, athletics, writers, and performance artists have included careful examination of the cognitive processes mediating outstanding performance in very diverse areas of expertise. These analyses have shown that expert performance is primarily a reflection of acquired skill resulting from the accumulation of domain-specific knowledge and methods during many years of training practice. The importance of domain-specific knowledge has led researchers on expertise to focus on characteristics of expertise in specific domains. In Toward a General Theory of Expertise many of the world's foremost scientists review the state-of-the-art knowledge about expertise in different domains, with the goal of identifying characteristics of expert performance that are generalizable across many different areas of expertise. These essays provide a comprehensive summary of general methods for studying expertise and of current knowledge about expertise in chess, physics, medicine, sports and performance arts, music, writing, and decision making. Most important, the essays reveal the existence of many general characteristics of expertise.
Download or read book Advances in Computers written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1980-02-01 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Computers
Book Synopsis Chess Metaphors by : Diego Rasskin-Gutman
Download or read book Chess Metaphors written by Diego Rasskin-Gutman and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-02-10 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the moves of thirty-two chess pieces over sixty-four squares can help us understand the workings of the mind. When we play the ancient and noble game of chess, we grapple with ideas about honesty, deceitfulness, bravery, fear, aggression, beauty, and creativity, which echo (or allow us to depart from) the attitudes we take in our daily lives. Chess is an activity in which we deploy almost all our available cognitive resources; therefore, it makes an ideal laboratory for investigation into the workings of the mind. Indeed, research into artificial intelligence (AI) has used chess as a model for intelligent behavior since the 1950s. In Chess Metaphors, Diego Rasskin-Gutman explores fundamental questions about memory, thought, emotion, consciousness, and other cognitive processes through the game of chess, using the moves of thirty-two pieces over sixty-four squares to map the structural and functional organization of the brain. Rasskin-Gutman focuses on the cognitive task of problem solving, exploring it from the perspectives of both biology and AI. Examining AI researchers' efforts to program a computer that could beat a flesh-and-blood grandmaster (and win a world chess championship), he finds that the results fall short when compared to the truly creative nature of the human mind.
Book Synopsis Readings in Artificial Intelligence by : Bonnie Lynn Webber
Download or read book Readings in Artificial Intelligence written by Bonnie Lynn Webber and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Readings in Artificial Intelligence focuses on the principles, methodologies, advancements, and approaches involved in artificial intelligence. The selection first elaborates on representations of problems of reasoning about actions, a problem similarity approach to devising heuristics, and optimal search strategies for speech understanding control. Discussions focus on comparison with existing speech understanding systems, empirical comparisons of the different strategies, analysis of distance function approximation, problem similarity, problems of reasoning about action, search for solution in the reduction system, and relationship between the initial search space and the higher level search space. The book then examines consistency in networks of relations, non-resolution theorem proving, using rewriting rules for connection graphs to prove theorems, and closed world data bases. The manuscript tackles a truth maintenance system, elements of a plan-based theory of speech acts, and reasoning about knowledge and action. Topics include problems in reasoning about knowledge, integration knowledge and action, models of plans, compositional adequacy, truth maintenance mechanisms, dialectical arguments, and assumptions and the problem of control. The selection is a valuable reference for researchers wanting to explore the field of artificial intelligence.
Author :Georgy M. Adelson-Velsky Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :1461237963 Total Pages :207 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (612 download)
Book Synopsis Algorithms for Games by : Georgy M. Adelson-Velsky
Download or read book Algorithms for Games written by Georgy M. Adelson-Velsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algorithms for Games aims to provide a concrete example of the programming of a two-person game with complete information, and to demonstrate some of the methods of solutions; to show the reader that it is profitable not to fear a search, but rather to undertake it in a rational fashion, make a proper estimate of the dimensions of the "catastrophe", and use all suitable means to keep it down to a reasonable size. The book is dedicated to the study of methods for limiting the extent of a search. The game programming problem is very well suited to the study of the search problem, and in general for multi-step solution processes. With this in mind, the book focuses on the programming of games as the best means of developing the ideas and methods presented. While many of the examples are related to chess, only an elementary knowledge of the game is needed.
