Toward a General Theory of Expertise

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521406123
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (61 download)

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Book Synopsis Toward a General Theory of Expertise by : K. Anders Ericsson

Download or read book Toward a General Theory of Expertise written by K. Anders Ericsson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1991-08-30 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last twenty years our understanding of expertise has dramatically increased. Laboratory analysis of chess masters, experts in physics and medicine, musicians, athletics, writers, and performance artists have included careful examination of the cognitive processes mediating outstanding performance in very diverse areas of expertise. These analyses have shown that expert performance is primarily a reflection of acquired skill resulting from the accumulation of domain-specific knowledge and methods during many years of training practice. The importance of domain-specific knowledge has led researchers on expertise to focus on characteristics of expertise in specific domains. In Toward a General Theory of Expertise many of the world's foremost scientists review the state-of-the-art knowledge about expertise in different domains, with the goal of identifying characteristics of expert performance that are generalizable across many different areas of expertise. These essays provide a comprehensive summary of general methods for studying expertise and of current knowledge about expertise in chess, physics, medicine, sports and performance arts, music, writing, and decision making. Most important, the essays reveal the existence of many general characteristics of expertise.

Toward a General Theory of Social Control

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Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483267024
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Toward a General Theory of Social Control by : Donald Black

Download or read book Toward a General Theory of Social Control written by Donald Black and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies on Law and Social Control: Toward a General Theory of Social Control, Volume 1: Fundamentals focuses on the dynamics, practices, and mechanisms involved in social control. The selection first underscores social control as a dependent variable and division of labor in social control. Discussions focus on the explanation of division of social control labor; concept of division of social control labor; conceptions of the relationship between law and social control; quantity of normative behavior; and concept of social control. The text then takes a look at the stage of disputing to complaining, liability and social structure, and social organization of vengeance. Topics include revenge among inmates, contingency of vengeance, design of vengeance, liability and conflict management, idiom of liability in stateless societies, and complaining and the direction of law. The publication ponders on the variability of punishment, compensation in cross-cultural perspective, therapy and social solidarity, logic of mediation, and gossips and scandals. Concerns include role of gossip in small-scale societies, therapeutic social control in individualistic groups and tribal societies, social organization of compensation, and existing theories of punishment. The selection is a vital source of data for sociologists and researchers interested in the fundamentals of social control.

Development of Professional Expertise

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521518466
Total Pages : 571 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (215 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of Professional Expertise by : K. Anders Ericsson

Download or read book Development of Professional Expertise written by K. Anders Ericsson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-22 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Professionals such as medical doctors, aeroplane pilots, lawyers, and technical specialists find that some of their peers have reached high levels of achievement that are difficult to measure objectively. In order to understand to what extent it is possible to learn from these expert performers for the purpose of helping others improve their performance, we first need to reproduce and measure this performance. This book is designed to provide the first comprehensive overview of research on the acquisition and training of professional performance as measured by objective methods rather than by subjective ratings by supervisors. In this collection of articles, the world's foremost experts discuss methods for assessing the experts' knowledge and review our knowledge on how we can measure professional performance and design training environments that permit beginning and experienced professionals to develop and maintain their high levels of performance, using examples from a wide range of professional domains.

The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139456466
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance by : K. Anders Ericsson

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance written by K. Anders Ericsson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-06-26 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was the first handbook where the world's foremost 'experts on expertise' reviewed our scientific knowledge on expertise and expert performance and how experts may differ from non-experts in terms of their development, training, reasoning, knowledge, social support, and innate talent. Methods are described for the study of experts' knowledge and their performance of representative tasks from their domain of expertise. The development of expertise is also studied by retrospective interviews and the daily lives of experts are studied with diaries. In 15 major domains of expertise, the leading researchers summarize our knowledge on the structure and acquisition of expert skill and knowledge and discuss future prospects. General issues that cut across most domains are reviewed in chapters on various aspects of expertise such as general and practical intelligence, differences in brain activity, self-regulated learning, deliberate practice, aging, knowledge management, and creativity.

The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 1107137551
Total Pages : 985 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance by : K. Anders Ericsson

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance written by K. Anders Ericsson and published by . This book was released on 2018-05-17 with total page 985 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, some of the world's foremost 'experts on expertise' provide scientific knowledge on expertise and expert performance.

Expert Performance in Sports

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Publisher : Human Kinetics
ISBN 13 : 9780736041522
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Expert Performance in Sports by : Janet L. Starkes

Download or read book Expert Performance in Sports written by Janet L. Starkes and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2003 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grade level: 10, 11, 12, i, s, t.

Cognitive Issues in Motor Expertise

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080867564
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (675 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Issues in Motor Expertise by : J. Starkes

Download or read book Cognitive Issues in Motor Expertise written by J. Starkes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1993-09-15 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intent of this book is to describe those perceptual and cognitive components which contribute to skilled motor performance in a wide variety of disciplines, including sports, microsurgery, video games, and speech. Also considered are issues in the measurement of motor skill, the development of motor skill across the life span, and the importance of individual differences in the development of motor skill. Many chapters contain studies employing the expertise approach used so successfully to study cognitive skills in psychology. Using this approach, expert performers are compared to novices on domain relevant laboratory tasks in order to determine whether specific cognitive or perceptual processes are related to performance differences. This volume will be of value to kinesiologists, sport psychologists, physical educators, and cognitive psychologists who are interested in a new perspective on the nature of motor skills. The majority of the chapters include reviews of the literature necessary to understand the case being made. Thus, the book may be understood by any reader with a basic course in psychology or motor behavior.

Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society

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Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317781600
Total Pages : 1212 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society by : Cognitive Science Society (US) Conference

Download or read book Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society written by Cognitive Science Society (US) Conference and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 1212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume features the complete text of all regular papers, posters, and summaries of symposia presented at the 14th annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.

Companion Encyclopedia of Psychology

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136122524
Total Pages : 1401 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (361 download)

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Book Synopsis Companion Encyclopedia of Psychology by : Andrew M. Colman

Download or read book Companion Encyclopedia of Psychology written by Andrew M. Colman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 1401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychology plays an increasingly important role in today's society. Its influence can be seen all around us - be it in the home, the workplace, the school or our private lives. A uniquely diverse discipline, it ranges from social psychology to biological aspects of behaviour, and from basic research to the applied professions. This Companion Encyclopedia covers all these main branches of psychological research and professional practice. The thematic arrangement is the result of the Editor's extensive research into syllabi, from which he distilled the 13 most frequently taught units. Students can consult and be referred to sections relating to their lecture programme, and can find lucid definitions of frequently used terms in the Glossary. Headings and sub-headings are clearly highlighted at the beginning of each chapter - ideal for quick reference. * Provides authoritative and in-depth reference material on all major branches of psychological research and professional practice * Contributors include many of the world's most eminent psychologists * Written in a lively style without assuming previous knowledge of the subject * Structured according to the core topics appearing most often as discrete modules in contemporary psychology courses * Detailed bibliographies, further reading sections, exhaustive index and glossary of technical terms * Containing 165 supporting illustrations

The Death of Expertise

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197763839
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (977 download)

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Book Synopsis The Death of Expertise by : Tom Nichols

Download or read book The Death of Expertise written by Tom Nichols and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In the early 1990s, a small group of "AIDS denialists," including a University of California professor named Peter Duesberg, argued against virtually the entire medical establishment's consensus that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was the cause of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Science thrives on such counterintuitive challenges, but there was no evidence for Duesberg's beliefs, which turned out to be baseless. Once researchers found HIV, doctors and public health officials were able to save countless lives through measures aimed at preventing its transmission"--

Clinical Decision Support and Beyond

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0323995772
Total Pages : 880 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Clinical Decision Support and Beyond by : Robert Greenes

Download or read book Clinical Decision Support and Beyond written by Robert Greenes and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2023-02-10 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical Decision Support and Beyond: Progress and Opportunities in Knowledge-Enhanced Health and Healthcare, now in its third edition, discusses the underpinnings of effective, reliable, and easy-to-use clinical decision support systems at the point of care as a productive way of managing the flood of data, knowledge, and misinformation when providing patient care. Incorporating CDS into electronic health record systems has been underway for decades; however its complexities, costs, and user resistance have lagged its potential. Thus it is of utmost importance to understand the process in detail, to take full advantage of its capabilities. The book expands and updates the content of the previous edition, and discusses topics such as integration of CDS into workflow, context-driven anticipation of needs for CDS, new forms of CDS derived from data analytics, precision medicine, population health, integration of personal monitoring, and patient-facing CDS. In addition, it discusses population health management, public health CDS and CDS to help reduce health disparities. It is a valuable resource for clinicians, practitioners, students and members of medical and biomedical fields who are interested to learn more about the potential of clinical decision support to improve health and wellness and the quality of health care. Presents an overview and details of the current state of the art and usefulness of clinical decision support, and how to utilize these capabilities Explores the technological underpinnings for developing, managing, and sharing knowledge resources and deploying them as CDS or for other uses Discusses the current drivers and opportunities that are expanding the prospects for use of knowledge to enhance health and healthcare

The Oxford Handbook of Expertise

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192515411
Total Pages : 912 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Expertise by : Paul Ward

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Expertise written by Paul Ward and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-14 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of expertise weaves its way through various communities of practice, across disciplines, and over millennia. To date, the study of expertise has been primarily concerned with how human beings perform at a superior level in complex environments and sociotechnical systems, and at the highest levels of proficiency. However, more recent research has continued the search for better descriptions, and causal mechanisms that explain the complexities of expertise in context, with a view to translating this understanding into useful predictions and interventions capable of improving the performance of human systems as efficiently as possible. The Oxford Handbook of Expertise provides a comprehensive picture of the field of Expertise Studies. It offers both traditional and contemporary perspectives, and importantly, a multidiscipline-multimethod view of the science and engineering research on expertise. The book presents different perspectives, theories, and methods of conducting expertise research, all of which have had an impact in helping us better understand expertise across a broad range of domains. The Handbook also describes how researchers and practitioners have addressed practical problems and societal challenges. Throughout, the authors have sought to demonstrate the heterogeneity of approaches and conceptions of expertise, to place current views of expertise in context, to show how these views can be used to address current issues, and to examine ways to advance the study of expertise. The Oxford Handbook of Expertise is an essential resource both to those wanting to gain an up-to-date knowledge of the science of expertise and those wishing to study experts.

The Road To Excellence

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Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317779061
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis The Road To Excellence by : K. Anders Ericsson

Download or read book The Road To Excellence written by K. Anders Ericsson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-03-05 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excellence and the highest levels of performance in the arts and sciences, sports, and games have always been an object of fascination to both scientists and lay people. Only during the last 20 years have scientists studied these levels of performance in the laboratory in order to identify their mediating mechanisms. Contrary to the common belief that innate talents are the critical factors for exceptional performance, investigators have found that acquired skills, knowledge, and physiological adaptations in response to intense practice are the primary mechanisms, mediating the highest levels of performance. This is the first and only book to examine how elite performers effect their exceptional accomplishments. The world's leading researchers on expert performance and creative achievement review theories and recent findings from many different domains of expertise on how experts optimize improvement in their performance and eventually attain excellence. Elite performers are shown to have engaged in deliberate-practice activities specifically designed to improve their performance from an early age. By age 20 they have often accumulated over 10,000 hours of practice! The essential elements of deliberate practice, such as specific goals to improve performance, successive refinement through repetition, feedback and instruction, are explicated for different domains. Although the content of practice tasks will necessarily differ from domain to domain, investigators have found invariant characteristics for the optimal duration of practice sessions, maximal amounts of daily practice, the length of intense preparation (around 10 years), and ages of peak performance. Some of the book's chapters extend the review to the acquisition of everyday-life skills such as reading, to the performance of teams of experts, and to the development of creative achievement, geniuses, and artistic child prodigies. The book concludes with commentaries by several outstanding scientists in psychology, education, and history of science who discuss the generalizability of presented ideas and raise issues for future issues. EXTRA COPY...It could be said that striving for excellence is what characterizes humanity, or perhaps what characterizes humanity at its best. Why do so few individuals ever reach the highest levels when so many start out on the Road to Excellence? In this book, the world's foremost researchers of expert performance in domains as diverse as sports, medicine, chess, and the arts explore the similarities and differences in the extended and strenuous Road to Excellence taken by the successful individuals in each domain. Their findings will intrigue and inspire readers who are themselves driven to achieve or who simply want to better understand the processes involved.

Paper Knowledge

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Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822376768
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis Paper Knowledge by : Lisa Gitelman

Download or read book Paper Knowledge written by Lisa Gitelman and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2014-05-07 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paper Knowledge is a remarkable book about the mundane: the library card, the promissory note, the movie ticket, the PDF (Portable Document Format). It is a media history of the document. Drawing examples from the 1870s, the 1930s, the 1960s, and today, Lisa Gitelman thinks across the media that the document form has come to inhabit over the last 150 years, including letterpress printing, typing and carbon paper, mimeograph, microfilm, offset printing, photocopying, and scanning. Whether examining late nineteenth century commercial, or "job" printing, or the Xerox machine and the role of reproduction in our understanding of the document, Gitelman reveals a keen eye for vernacular uses of technology. She tells nuanced, anecdote-filled stories of the waning of old technologies and the emergence of new. Along the way, she discusses documentary matters such as the relation between twentieth-century technological innovation and the management of paper, and the interdependence of computer programming and documentation. Paper Knowledge is destined to set a new agenda for media studies.

Designers

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1447112687
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis Designers by : Eckart Frankenberger

Download or read book Designers written by Eckart Frankenberger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern product development means problem solving by teams in complex working environments. Thereby, the design process is influenced by factors from various fields, the task, the individual, the team, and the organisational context. This complex network of influences turns product development into a challenge with requirements for the designers aside from technical problems. This book contains the proceedings of the international symposium Designers - The Key to Successful Product Development held in Darmstadt, Germany, December 1997. During this meeting exponents from different leading research groups in engineering design came together to present and discuss their results. Within this volume different aims, issues and methods of design research are addressed in 23 contributions by different research groups. Structured in six sections according to the main fields of influence, it provides a survey of the state of scientifically-based knowledge and the trends of engineering design research on the influences leading to successful product development.

Teaching and Measuring Cognitive Readiness

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461475791
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Teaching and Measuring Cognitive Readiness by : Harold F. O'Neil

Download or read book Teaching and Measuring Cognitive Readiness written by Harold F. O'Neil and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teaching and Measuring Cognitive Readiness presents theoretical and empirical findings regarding cognitive readiness and assessments of their impact on adult learning. The term readiness is used in assessing student preparation for K-12 schools, while in the military and in industry, "readiness" denotes preparation to be effective in performing a mission or a job. Cognitive Readiness is viewed through a Knowledge, Skills, and Attributes (KSA) lens. Teaching and Measuring Cognitive Readiness deals with (a) the primacy of cognitive readiness as attributes or individual difference variables; (b) the need for cognitive readiness instructional and assessment strategies; (c) the need to integrate assessment into cognitive readiness training; (d) the need for theory-driven evaluation studies to increase knowledge and efficacy in teaching cognitive readiness; and (e) the need for a solid psychometric approach to the use of cognitive readiness assessments.

The Social Psychology of Expertise

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Author :
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135652147
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Psychology of Expertise by : Harald A. Mieg

Download or read book The Social Psychology of Expertise written by Harald A. Mieg and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2001-06 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mieg's book, in our LEA Expertise series, will cover the issues of expertise and relate them to experts' roles in psychology, organizational studies, and sociology.