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Characterization Of Midlatitude Cirrus Clouds Clouds With Airborne Lidar Investigating An Indirect Aviation Effect
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Book Synopsis Characterization of Midlatitude Cirrus Clouds with Airborne Lidar - Investigating an Indirect Aviation Effect by : Benedikt Leander Urbanek
Download or read book Characterization of Midlatitude Cirrus Clouds with Airborne Lidar - Investigating an Indirect Aviation Effect written by Benedikt Leander Urbanek and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization of Midlatitude Cirrus Clouds Clouds with Airborne Lidar - Investigating an Indirect Aviation Effect by : Benedikt Urbanek
Download or read book Characterization of Midlatitude Cirrus Clouds Clouds with Airborne Lidar - Investigating an Indirect Aviation Effect written by Benedikt Urbanek and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781725632493 Total Pages :34 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (324 download)
Book Synopsis DC-8 Scanning Lidar Characterization of Aircraft Contrails and Cirrus Clouds by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book DC-8 Scanning Lidar Characterization of Aircraft Contrails and Cirrus Clouds written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Subsonic Assessment (SASS) element of the overall Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project (AEAP) was initiated by NASA to assess the atmospheric impact of subsonic aircraft. SRI was awarded a project to develop and test a scanning backscatter lidar for installation on the NASA DC-8 (year 1), participate in the Subsonic Aircraft: Contrail and Cloud Effects Special Study (SUCCESS) field program (year 2), and conduct a comprehensive analysis of field data (year 3). A scanning mirror pod attached to the DC-8 aircraft provides for scanning lidar observations ahead of the DC-8 and fixed-angle upward or downward observations. The lidar system installed within the DC-8 transmits 275 MJ at 1.06 gm wavelength or about 130 mJ at 1.06 and 0.53 gm simultaneously. Range-resolved aerosol backscatter is displayed in real time in terms of cloud/contrail spatial distributions. The objectives of the project are to map contrail/cloud vertical distributions ahead of DC-8; provide DC-8 guidance into enhanced scattering layers; document DC-8 flight path intersection of contrail and cloud geometries (in-situ measurement positions relative to cloud/contrail shape and an extension of in-situ measurements into the vertical -- integrated contrail/cloud properties); analyze contrail/cloud radiative properties with LIRAD (combined lidar and radiometry) technique; evaluate mean particle sizes of aircraft emissions from two-wavelength observations; study contrail/cloud interactions, diffusion, and mass decay/growth; and make observations in the near-field of aircraft engine emissions. The scanning mirror pod may also provide a scanning capability for other remote sensing instruments. Nielsen, Norman B. and Uthe, Edward E. (Principal Investigator) Ames Research Center NASA-CR-201902, NAS 1.26:201902, SRI Project 6555 NCC2-885...
Download or read book Cirrus written by David K. Lynch and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text, devoted entirely to cirrus clouds, captures the state of knowledge of cirrus clouds and serves as a practical handbook as well.
Book Synopsis Characterizing Cirrus Clouds for Their Impact on Airborne Defensive Laser Systems by :
Download or read book Characterizing Cirrus Clouds for Their Impact on Airborne Defensive Laser Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study describes the collection of field measurements of cirrus clouds during an eleven-month period over Hanscom AFB, MA, and how those measurements were used to estimate laser transmittance through the cirrus. Using ground-based radar and lidar measurements as a reference, it is shown that radiosonde observations can better detect the presence and geometric attributes of cirrus layers than can geostationary satellites. In comparing satellite retrievals of ice particle size and ice water content with radar/lidar retrievals, the satellite-retrieved effective particle size and ice water content were less than the radar/lidar retrievals. The radar/lidar geometric thickness retrieval of the cirrus is less due to the vertical extent being limited to the higher base and lower top detected by the radar-lidar tandem. Cirrus properties from the case with the smallest optical depth were used in three laser extinction models. Results from all three indicated that a significant power loss occurs as the laser beam propagates through the cloud layer. It seems that knowing cirrus location is more important than knowing the optical properties in laser operations support.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa Publisher :Independently Published ISBN 13 :9781723942761 Total Pages :92 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (427 download)
Book Synopsis Analysis of Cirrus Cloud Microphysical Data by : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Download or read book Analysis of Cirrus Cloud Microphysical Data written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-09-23 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Regional Experiment (FIRE) program has the goal of improving our capabilities to understand, model and detect the properties of climatically-important clouds. This is being undertaken through a three-pronged effort of modeling, long-term observations and short-term intensive field studies. Through examination of satellite and other data it is apparent that stratus and cirrus cloud types have the greatest impact on climate due to their radiative effects and ubiquitous nature. As a result, the FIRE program has developed two paths of investigation, each having its own subset of research objectives and measurement programs. The work conducted under this grant was directed toward furthering our understanding of cirrus cloud systems. While it is known that cirrus are climatically important, the magnitude and even sign of the impact is unclear. Cirrus clouds affect the transfer of radiation according to their physical depth and location in the atmosphere and their microphysical composition. However, significant uncertainties still exist in how cirrus clouds form and how they are maintained, what their physical properties are and how they can be parameterized in numerical models. Better remote sensing techniques for monitoring cirrus cloud systems and improved modeling of radiative transfer through ice particles are also needed. A critical element in resolving these issues is a better understanding of cirrus cloud microphysical properties and how they vary. The focus of the research to be conducted under this grant was th data collected in situ by the University of North Dakota Citation aircraft. The goals of this research were to add to the body of knowledge of cirrus cloud microphysics, particularly at the small end of the size spectrum; and analyze the spatial variation of cirrus clouds.Poellot, Michael R. and Grainger, Cedric A.Langley Research CenterCIRRUS CLOUDS; REMOTE SENSING; CLOUD PHYSICS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; IS
Book Synopsis Characterization of Cirrus Clouds from Ground-based Remote Sensing Using the Synergy of Lidar and Multi-spectral Infrared Radiometry by : Friederike Hemmer
Download or read book Characterization of Cirrus Clouds from Ground-based Remote Sensing Using the Synergy of Lidar and Multi-spectral Infrared Radiometry written by Friederike Hemmer and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a broad consensus that cirrus clouds strongly influence the climate of the Earth. However, their net radiative effect is still poorly quantified nowadays due to an insufficient knowledge of their microphysical properties. This thesis aims to improve our understanding of the complex microphysics of this cloud type mainly composed of irregularly shaped ice crystals and thereby improve estimates of the ice water content (IWC). For this purpose, we developed an algorithm to retrieve vertical profiles of the IWC of cirrus clouds. The methodology combines the measurements of a ground-based lidar and a thermal infrared (TIR) radiometer in a common optimal estimation framework. It follows three steps: (1) An algorithm to retrieve the vertically integrated amount of ice (ice water path, IWP) from the passive TIR measurements is established. (2) The information about the vertical distribution of the IWC inside the cloud is obtained from the active lidar measurements. These retrievals strongly depend on the backscatter-to-extinction ratio of the ice crystals which is obtained from a bulk ice microphysical model. The scattering phase function of this model used to define the backscatter-to-extinction ratio assumes a flat ending without backscattering peak. We show that this assumption is unrealistic since it results in the retrieval of IWC profiles which are inconsistent with the TIR measurements. (3) Consequently, both types of measurements are combined in a synergistic algorithm allowing to estimate together with the IWC profiles a correction factor for the phase function in backscattering direction. Finally, the retrieval results and associated hypotheses are discussed.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781722338466 Total Pages :38 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (384 download)
Book Synopsis Lidar Cloud Studies for Fire and Eclips by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Lidar Cloud Studies for Fire and Eclips written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical remote sensing measurements of cirrus cloud properties were collected by one airborne and four ground-based lidar systems over a 32 h period during this case study from the First ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Program) Regional Experiment (FIRE) Intensive Field Observation (IFO) program. The lidar systems were variously equipped to collect linear depolarization, intrinsically calibrated backscatter, and Doppler velocity information. Data presented describe the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of cirrus clouds over an area encompassing southern and central Wisconsin. The cirrus cloud types include: dissipating subvisual and thin fibrous cirrus cloud bands, an isolated mesoscale uncinus complex (MUC), a large-scale deep cloud that developed into an organized cirrus structure within the lidar array, and a series of intensifying mesoscale cirrus cloud masses. Although the cirrus frequently developed in the vertical from particle fall-streaks emanating from generating regions at or near cloud tops, glaciating supercooled (-30 to -35 C) altocumulus clouds contributed to the production of ice mass at the base of the deep cirrus cloud, apparently even through riming, and other mechanisms involving evaporation, wave motions, and radiative effects are indicated. The generating regions ranged in scale from approximately 1.0 km cirrus uncinus cells, to organized MUC structures up to approximately 120 km across. Sassen, Kenneth and Grund, Christian J. and Spinhirne, James D. and Hardesty, Michael and Alvarez, James Goddard Space Flight Center; Langley Research Center NAG1-868...
Book Synopsis Investigation of Properties of High Level Cirrus Clouds and Their Importance for Satellite and Aircraft Operations by :
Download or read book Investigation of Properties of High Level Cirrus Clouds and Their Importance for Satellite and Aircraft Operations written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New instrumentation has been designed developed and deployed for characterizing ice and water droplets in clouds in the atmosphere by in situ aircraft measurement. The principle of operation depends on capture of the particles on a forward facing probe and their processing through evaporation and/or melting to give particle mass and density. Data is both video recorded and also obtained as permanent record as a plastic cast. New analysis tools have also been developed for analysis of the results, displaying particle forms, concentration and spatial distribution in high resolution. Test results have been obtained in hurricane outflow, in arctic clouds and in aircraft contrails. Application lies in determining the optical properties of such clouds from the viewpoint of their influence on laser propagation and transfer of atmospheric radiation; it also lies in characterizing clouds in terms of their potential for enhanced aircraft icing when specific spatial distributions of ice particles and supercooled cloud exist.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Midlatitude Cirrus Cloud Structural Properties Analyzed from the Extended Facility for Atmospheric Remote Sensing Dataset by : Likun Wang
Download or read book Midlatitude Cirrus Cloud Structural Properties Analyzed from the Extended Facility for Atmospheric Remote Sensing Dataset written by Likun Wang and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The knowledge on cirrus inhomogeneous structural properties is important not only in radiation calculations, but also in deeply understanding the dynamics mechanism including the formation, development, and dissipation of cirrus clouds. The midlatitude cirrus inhomogeneous structural properties have been evaluated by analyzing the 10-year high cloud datasets obtained at the University of Utah, Facility for Atmospheric Remote Sensing in Salt Lake City, UT. Three goals have been reached in this research. First, the means to analyze lidar data using wavelet analysis, an advanced approach to obtain information on the structure of cirrus clouds, has been successfully developed. And then, typical cirrus structures including Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities, cirrus mammata, and the uncinus cells have been analyzed by case studies and statistical survey. Their dynamical mechanisms, environmental characteristics, and vertical and horizontal length scale have been studied. Thirdly, using the method based on the wavelet transform and other methods, a climatology of midlatitude cirrus horizontal inhomogeneous properties is developed from the FARS lidar backscattered power data, the proxies of real cirrus clouds"--Leaf iii.
Book Synopsis A Study of the Impact of Cirrus Clouds on High Altitude, Long Horizontal Path Laser Transmission by : George Geoffrey Koenig
Download or read book A Study of the Impact of Cirrus Clouds on High Altitude, Long Horizontal Path Laser Transmission written by George Geoffrey Koenig and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781725112667 Total Pages :28 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (126 download)
Book Synopsis Analysis of Cirrus Optical Properties with Data from NASA Er2 High-Resolution Interferometer Sounder (His) by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Analysis of Cirrus Optical Properties with Data from NASA Er2 High-Resolution Interferometer Sounder (His) written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 8 to 13 micron spectral region is an important atmospheric window for radiometric studies of the Earth's surface and clouds. Most of the Earth-atmosphere longwave radiative loss to space occurs in this spectral region. Selective gaseous absorption in this window occurs in the 9.6 micron ozone band with the remaining absorption dominated by the water vapor continuum. Cirrus clouds have a large impact on the transmittance of this atmospheric window region; it is therefore important to understand the interaction of cirrus cloud with the radiation field for climate studies and in the interpretation of satellite radiometric measurements. The focus was to employ observations of the High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (HIS) made during First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) to improve the understanding of the radiative properties of cirrus clouds within this window region. Studies were undertaken to investigate the coupling between the microphysical properties of cirrus clouds and their spectral variation within this window region. Extensions of the HIS studies to satellite measurements, with regards to remote sensing and interpretation, were also investigated. Smith, William L. and Ackerman, Steven A. Unspecified Center NASA-CR-186365, NAS 1.26:186365 NAG1-1015...
Book Synopsis Dynamic and Microphysical Characteristics of Cirrus Clouds as Revealed by Aircraft, Lidar, and Other Observations During FIRE by : Ismail Gultepe
Download or read book Dynamic and Microphysical Characteristics of Cirrus Clouds as Revealed by Aircraft, Lidar, and Other Observations During FIRE written by Ismail Gultepe and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Characterization of Cirrus Cloud Properties That Affect Laser Propagation by :
Download or read book A Characterization of Cirrus Cloud Properties That Affect Laser Propagation written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Future high-altitude laser systems may be affected by cirrus clouds. Laser transmission models were applied to measured and retrieved cirrus properties to determine cirrus impact on power incident on a target or receiver. A major goal was to see how well radiosondes and geostationary satellite imagery could specify the required properties. Based on the use of ground-based radar and lidar measurements as a reference, errors in cirrus-top and cirrus-base height estimates from radiosonde observations were 20%- 25% of geostationary satellite retrieval errors. Radiosondes had a perfect cirrus detection rate as compared with 80% for satellite detection. Ice water path and effective particle size were obtained with a published radar-lidar retrieval algorithm and a documented satellite algorithm. Radar-lidar particle size and ice water path were 1.5 and 3 times the satellite retrievals, respectively. Radar-lidar-based laser extinction coefficients were 55% greater than satellite values. Measured radar-lidar cirrus thickness was consistently greater than satellite-retrieved thickness, but radar-lidar microphysical retrieval required detection by both sensors at each range gate, which limited the retrievals' vertical extent. Greater radar-lidar extinction and greater satellite-based cirrus thickness yielded comparable optical depths for the two independent retrievals. Laser extinction-transmission models applied to radiosonde-retrieved cirrus heights and satellite-retrieved microphysical properties revealed a significant power loss by all models as the laser beam transits the cirrus layer. This suggests that cirrus location is more important than microphysics in high-altitude laser test support. Geostationary satellite imagery may be insufficient in cirrus detection and retrieval accuracy. Humidity-sensitive radiosondes are a potential proxy for ground-based remote sensors in cirrus detection and altitude determination.
Book Synopsis Investigation on Cirrus Clouds by the Cloud-aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation Data by : Jiang Zhu
Download or read book Investigation on Cirrus Clouds by the Cloud-aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation Data written by Jiang Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding and describing the role of clouds in the climate system need intensive and extensive research on cloud properties. The albedo and greenhouse effects of clouds and their relations with the physical properties of clouds are analyzed. Cloud-top height and ice water content are key factors in impacting the longwave and shortwave radiation, respectively. Lidar and infrared radiometer measurement technologies are introduced. Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) level I Lidar profile, level 2 cloud layer, and level 2 Lidar/IIR track products are briefly reviewed. The algorithms for identification of cirrus clouds, Linear Depolarization Ratio (LDR), and effective diameter are presented. An average LDR profile is calculated by using the sum of total attenuated backscattering profiles and the sum of perpendicular attenuated backscattering profiles. A weight-average method is applied to calculate the average LDR. A split-window method is applied to estimate the effective diameters of clouds. A set of bulk ice crystal models and a radiative transfer model are applied to produce a look-up table that includes the radiative transfer simulation results. The macro-physical properties of cirrus clouds are analyzed. The frequency of occurrence of cirrus clouds varies with latitude, and strongly relates to the atmospheric circulation. Cirrus clouds are few in high-pressure zones and abundant where seasonal monsoonal circulation occurs. Cloud-top height decreases with increasing latitude. Cloud-top temperature is lower in the tropical regions than in the midlatutude and the polar regions. The measured cloud thickness shows a great diurnal variation. CALIPSO lidar detects more cirrus clouds than satellite-based passive measurement. LDR values of cirrus clouds vary with latitude and location, and are higher during nighttime than during daytime. The 0.32 and 0.37 annual average LDRs derived by nadir and off-nadir measurements, respectively, indicate that substantial amounts of horizontal orientated ice crystals exist in cirrus clouds. The global distribution of effective diameter of cirrus clouds varies with latitude and season, and the effective diameter has relationship with the LDR.
Book Synopsis LIDAR and Airborne Measurements of Cirrus Clouds by : Clive Russel Cook
Download or read book LIDAR and Airborne Measurements of Cirrus Clouds written by Clive Russel Cook and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
