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Characterization Of Cultured Early Human Prostate Cancer Stem Progenitor Cells
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Book Synopsis Characterization of Cultured Early Human Prostate Cancer Stem/progenitor Cells by : Melissa Jennifer Lee
Download or read book Characterization of Cultured Early Human Prostate Cancer Stem/progenitor Cells written by Melissa Jennifer Lee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Androgen-dependent ("AD") early prostate cancer often switches to a lethal, castration-resistant (CR) phenotype. We show that early, "AD" prostate cancers contain CR Cancer Initiating Cells (CIC) that drive its growth. We have isolated CR CIC cells from early PrCa, which possess (i) a high degree of self-renewal, (ii) differentiation ability into hormone-responsive prostate cells, (iii) potent tumorgenicity, (iv) the capacity to grow as "sphere" cells and (v) the potential to metastasize. The propagation of CR PrCa cells from localized AD-PrCa facilitates their characterization. Characterization of CIC-spheres and their adherent progenitor Prostate Tumor Cells (PrTuC) utilized RT-PCR, FACS analysis, and immunofluorescent staining. The markers analyzed include AR, ER[alpha], ER[beta], TERT, TMPRSS2-ERG fusion RNA, and ALDH. PrTuCells and their CIC-sphere embodiment are unresponsive to physiological concentrations of steroid hormones. PrTuCells and CIC-spheres express abundant AR mRNA but no AR protein; ER[alpha] is up-regulated and ER[beta] down-regulated compared with normal human prostate epithelial cells. PrTuCells and CIC-sphere cells express the TERT gene; normal prostate epithelial are TERT-negative. The PrCa-associated fusion mRNA TMPRSS2-ERG was undetectable in PrTuCells. The stemness of PrTuCells and CIC-sphere cells was supported by their expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Propagation of PrCa CIC facilitates complete exome-sequencing, leading to the identification of causative/etiological events in PrCa initiation and potentially permitting the discovery of targetable entities on early human prostate cancer cells. Our work points to the existence of CR ("androgen-independent") CIC in the early stages of human prostate cancer, representing a paradigm change with far-reaching consequences to the field.
Book Synopsis Identification of Human Prostate Cancer Stem Cells by Creation and Characterization of Prostaspheres by :
Download or read book Identification of Human Prostate Cancer Stem Cells by Creation and Characterization of Prostaspheres written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cells (SCs) are present in specialized niches within tissues and enable long-term organ function by replacing dying cells over time. SCs have the unique capability for self-renewal and can be stimulated to transform into different cell types within the organ. Since SCs are genetically coded to live longer than other cells and resist mechanisms that would normally induce cell death, they may be especially susceptible to carcinogenic changes. Recent evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs) exist and are responsible for cancer propagation, despite representing the minority of cells within tumors. Consequently, the development of drugs that target CSCs may result in better clinical outcomes. As a first step, identifying CSCs in solid tumors must occur. Early studies to identify SCs within normal prostate and prostate cancers are promising, but limited by the difficulty of cultivating these rare cells. Development of the prostasphere assay, using cells derived from human tissue specimens, may enable in-depth characterization of prostate stem cells. Prostaspheres are globes of stem and early progenitor cells that can be induced to grow in culture. The prostasphere assay may enable enrichment of SCs from normal and cancerous specimens for further characterization, with the long-term goal of defining new therapeutic targets within this population.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Stem/progenitor Cells from Human Prostate Cancer Tissue by : Natalia Guzmán Ramírez
Download or read book Characterization of Stem/progenitor Cells from Human Prostate Cancer Tissue written by Natalia Guzmán Ramírez and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stem Cells and Prostate Cancer by : Scott D. Cramer
Download or read book Stem Cells and Prostate Cancer written by Scott D. Cramer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-12 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent evidence demonstrates that normal prostate tissue contains stem cells. There is also accumulating evidence that prostate cancer contains a population of cells with stem cell-like characteristics referred to as cancer stem cells, or tumor initiating cells. Both the normal prostate stem cell and cancer stem cell populations have important implications for the generation, therapeutic targeting, and prevention of prostate cancer. The purpose of this book is to explore the role of stem cells in prostate cancer, which is becoming an increasingly hot trend in cancer research.
Book Synopsis In Vitro Propagation and Characterization of Primary Prostate Tumor Stem/progenitor Cells by : Tuan T. Le
Download or read book In Vitro Propagation and Characterization of Primary Prostate Tumor Stem/progenitor Cells written by Tuan T. Le and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To better understand the underlying mechanism behind the recurrence of end-stage, androgen depletion independent prostate cancer (ADI), we have successfully characterized primary human prostate tumor cells in vitro. This thesis presents a reliable culture system that consistently propagates and maintains epithelial cultures taken directly from early-stage prostate adenocarcinomas. As a result of our methodology, we were able to put 70 prostate radical resection tissue samples into culture: 42 adenocarcinomas and 28 benign hyperplasias. All 42 early-stage cancers produced few (3-5) to many (400+) single epithelial colonies and expressed putative stem/progenitor cell markers CD44, integrin-[alpha]2[Beta]1, High MW CK 5/14, and CD133 along with embryonic transcription factors Oct4, Sox-2, and immortalization gene Bmi-1. Every proliferating colony possessed a naturally formed prostate stem cell niche, which supplied the highly epithelial prostate progenitors. These presumed stem cell niches, we termed "Stem Cell Centers" (SCC), stained positive for stem cell marker CD133. Senescence was observed in all cultures in later passages due to the loss of the necessary SCC. Our methodology is optimal for reliably growing out early-stage prostate tumor stem/progenitor cells - which is essential in the understanding of lethal ADI progression - and allows for the development of better therapies and treatments for this metastatic disease.
Book Synopsis Isolation and Characterization of Prostate Cancer Stem Cells by :
Download or read book Isolation and Characterization of Prostate Cancer Stem Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cells derived from various organs and tumors that exhibit sphere-like growth in vitro include stem and early progenitors. Therefore, human prostate epithelial cells that can develop into "prostaspheres" may allow enrichment and characterization of these rare cell types. We have generated an extensive collection of prostaspheres, derived from normal and cancerous prostate specimens from patients undergoing urologic surgery at UCLA Medical Center. These prostaspheres have been evaluated for the functional abilities to self-renew and differentiate into the full complement of prostate epithelial cell types. In addition to interrogating stem-cell qualities, we evaluated whether normal and cancer prostaspheres could be distinguished. To do this, we performed FISH analysis on paraffin-embedded prostaspheres with probes detecting the TMPRSS-ERG translocation that has been described in the majority of human prostate cancers. We found that although approximately 70% of the prostate cancer specimens in our collection displayed the TMPRSS-ERG rearrangement, it was not present in the prostaspheres. The aims of our project are to define factors that enable prostate cancer cells containing the TMPRSS-ERG translocation to be isolated and maintained in vitro and in vivo so that cancer stem/progenitor populations can be characterized and interrogated.
Book Synopsis Identification and Functional Characterization of Murine Prostate Epithelial Stem Cells by : Devon Ann Lawson
Download or read book Identification and Functional Characterization of Murine Prostate Epithelial Stem Cells written by Devon Ann Lawson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Isolation and Characterization of Human Prostate Cancer Stem Cells by :
Download or read book The Isolation and Characterization of Human Prostate Cancer Stem Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this proposal is to develop a durable cure for lethal prostate cancer through the elucidation of the role of cancer stem cells in the pathogenesis of the disease. During the past year, we have made the following significant findings: i) CD44, a putative prostate cancer stem cell marker, is localized to neuroendocrine cells in prostate cancer, ii) employing a specific feeder layer, it is possible to model prostate cancer initiation in vitro and iii) classic tissue recombination utilizing primary human prostate cancer cells, to the recapitulate the human disease, does not work. We are currently working to optimize and validate our in vitro model of prostate cancer initiation to facilitate cancer stem cell discovery as well as drug targeting.
Book Synopsis Characterization of FGFR Signaling in Prostate Cancer Stem Cells and Inhibition Via TKI Treatment by : Juyeon Ko
Download or read book Characterization of FGFR Signaling in Prostate Cancer Stem Cells and Inhibition Via TKI Treatment written by Juyeon Ko and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer stem cells have been extensively studied in numerous cancers, however, there is no clear identification of this rare subpopulation and a means for an effective therapy targeting these cells although they are implicated in tumor initiation, drug resistance, reoccurrence and metastasis. The review article in Chapter 1 emphasizes how the cancer stem cells exploit a ubiquitination modification in human cancers and metastasis. Ubiquitination is a type of post-translational modification that extends the function of proteins such as stabilizing oncogenic signals and recruiting signaling proteins that favors the cancer progression beyond our current discoveries and knowledge. The studies of cancer stem cells may help us better understand the heterogeneous disease collectively termed cancer. One type of cancer in which the cancer stem cell theory may lead to alternative therapeutic options is prostate cancer. Chapter 2 presents research hypothesizing that prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs) take advantage of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) signaling for survival and proliferation among the bulk tumor and possess the ability to survive the current therapy of androgen deprivation but can be targeted by FGFR inhibitors. As tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown great effectiveness for some cancers, they have shown only modest outcome in prostate cancer treatment. The research presented here focuses on studying the FGFR signaling in the rare subpopulation shown as 3-dimensional spheroids compared to a bulk tumor represented as monolayer cells. This study reveals that FGFR signaling in the prostate CSCs promote their stemness characteristics and these CSCs may possess increased metastatic potential shown by changes in their gene expression. This study provides a novel in vitro model to study FGFR signaling in prostate cancer cell lines and utilizes a novel induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cell line to improve our understanding of prostate CSCs at a cellular and molecular level. The findings from this research may assist in screening for patient subgroups who would benefit from the TKI treatment targeting FGFR as an alternative treatment option.
Book Synopsis Human Embryonic Stem Cells by : Arlene Chiu
Download or read book Human Embryonic Stem Cells written by Arlene Chiu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-08 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A discussion of all the key issues in the use of human pluripotent stem cells for treating degenerative diseases or for replacing tissues lost from trauma. On the practical side, the topics range from the problems of deriving human embryonic stem cells and driving their differentiation along specific lineages, regulating their development into mature cells, and bringing stem cell therapy to clinical trials. Regulatory issues are addressed in discussions of the ethical debate surrounding the derivation of human embryonic stem cells and the current policies governing their use in the United States and abroad, including the rules and conditions regulating federal funding and questions of intellectual property.
Author :IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Publisher :IARC ISBN 13 :9789283212843 Total Pages :540 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (128 download)
Book Synopsis Some Drinking-water Disinfectants and Contaminants, Including Arsenic by : IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Download or read book Some Drinking-water Disinfectants and Contaminants, Including Arsenic written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by IARC. This book was released on 2004 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A working group of 23 experts from 13 countries met in Lyon to evaluate the evidence for carcinogenicity of arsenic (mostly naturally occurring) as a contaminant of drinking-water, and of the water-disinfectant chloramine. The working group also evaluated or re-evaluated four chlorination by-products found in drinking-water, namely chloral hydrate, di- and trichloroacetic acids, and 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (also known as MX). High-level exposure to arsenic in drinking-water occurs in some regions such as China, Latin America, Bangladesh and West Bengal. The Working Group reviewed epidemiological studies of human cancer (mainly ecological studies in Taiwan and Chile, and several case-control and cohort studies) in relation to arsenic in drinking-water. Arsenic in drinking-water (primarily inorganic, as arsenate and to a lesser extent arsenite) was evaluated as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) on the basis of sufficient evidence for an increased risk for cancer of the urinary bladder, lung and skin. Studies on inorganic arsenic in experimental animals provided limited evidence for its carcinogenicity, but sufficient evidence was found in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of dimethylarsinic acid (an organic form of arsenic), which produced urinary bladder tumours in rats and lung tumours in mice after oral administration.
Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer by : Manfred Wirth
Download or read book Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer written by Manfred Wirth and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Arsenic Pollution by : Peter Ravenscroft
Download or read book Arsenic Pollution written by Peter Ravenscroft and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-26 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arsenic Pollution summarizes the most current research on the distribution and causes of arsenic pollution, its impact on health and agriculture, and solutions by way of water supply, treatment, and water resource management. Provides the first global and interdisciplinary account of arsenic pollution occurrences Integrates geochemistry, hydrology, agriculture, and water supply and treatment for the first time Options are highlighted for developing alternative water sources and methods for arsenic testing and removal Appeals to specialists in one discipline seeking an overview of the work being done in other disciplines
Download or read book Tumor Organoids written by Shay Soker and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer cell biology research in general, and anti-cancer drug development specifically, still relies on standard cell culture techniques that place the cells in an unnatural environment. As a consequence, growing tumor cells in plastic dishes places a selective pressure that substantially alters their original molecular and phenotypic properties.The emerging field of regenerative medicine has developed bioengineered tissue platforms that can better mimic the structure and cellular heterogeneity of in vivo tissue, and are suitable for tumor bioengineering research. Microengineering technologies have resulted in advanced methods for creating and culturing 3-D human tissue. By encapsulating the respective cell type or combining several cell types to form tissues, these model organs can be viable for longer periods of time and are cultured to develop functional properties similar to native tissues. This approach recapitulates the dynamic role of cell–cell, cell–ECM, and mechanical interactions inside the tumor. Further incorporation of cells representative of the tumor stroma, such as endothelial cells (EC) and tumor fibroblasts, can mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment. Collectively, bioengineered tumors create an important resource for the in vitro study of tumor growth in 3D including tumor biomechanics and the effects of anti-cancer drugs on 3D tumor tissue. These technologies have the potential to overcome current limitations to genetic and histological tumor classification and development of personalized therapies.
Book Synopsis Human Stem Cell Manual by : Suzanne Peterson
Download or read book Human Stem Cell Manual written by Suzanne Peterson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-22 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual is a comprehensive compilation of "methods that work" for deriving, characterizing, and differentiating hPSCs, written by the researchers who developed and tested the methods and use them every day in their laboratories. The manual is much more than a collection of recipes; it is intended to spark the interest of scientists in areas of stem cell biology that they may not have considered to be important to their work. The second edition of the Human Stem Cell Manual is an extraordinary laboratory guide for both experienced stem cell researchers and those just beginning to use stem cells in their work. Offers a comprehensive guide for medical and biology researchers who want to use stem cells for basic research, disease modeling, drug development, and cell therapy applications Provides a cohesive global view of the current state of stem cell research, with chapters written by pioneering stem cell researchers in Asia, Europe, and North America Includes new chapters devoted to recently developed methods, such as iPSC technology, written by the scientists who made these breakthroughs
Book Synopsis Stem Cell Assays by : Mohan C. Vemuri
Download or read book Stem Cell Assays written by Mohan C. Vemuri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-10 with total page 815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scope for improving health care using stem cell therapies is thrilling, but has considerable technical challenges and methodological constraints that need to be addressed. Keeping with the tradition of Humana Press to bring these developments to the forefront in a timely manner, this book presents scientific advances in stem cell methods for a wider use by novice and expert scientists, through the series of Methods in Molecular Biology.
Book Synopsis Advances in Prostate Cancer: Model Systems, Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Early Detection, and Therapies by : Tanya I. Stoyanova
Download or read book Advances in Prostate Cancer: Model Systems, Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Early Detection, and Therapies written by Tanya I. Stoyanova and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-08-08 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
