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Characterization Of Alumina Supported Cobalt Copper Catalysts For Fischer Tropsch Synthesis Of Light Hydrocarbons
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Book Synopsis Characterization of Alumina Supported Cobalt Copper Catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis of Light Hydrocarbons by : Brent K. Bailey
Download or read book Characterization of Alumina Supported Cobalt Copper Catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis of Light Hydrocarbons written by Brent K. Bailey and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of ammonia in syngas on the performance of various supported cobalt catalysts (i.e., Al2O3, TiO2 and SiO2) was investigated during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) using a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The addition of ammonia (10 ppmv NH3) caused a significant deactivation for all supported cobalt catalysts, but the rate of deactivation was higher for the silica-supported catalysts relative to the alumina and titania-supported catalysts used in this work. Ammonia addition had a positive effect on product selectivity (i.e., lower light gas products and higher C5+) for alumina and titania-supported catalysts compared to ammonia free conditions, whereas, the addition of ammonia increased lighter hydrocarbon (C1-C4) products and decreased higher hydrocarbon (C5+) selectivity compared to ammonia-free synthesis conditions for the silica-supported catalyst. For alumina and titania-supported catalysts, the activity almost recovered with mild in-situ hydrogen treatment of the ammonia exposed catalysts. For the silica-supported catalyst, the loss of activity is somewhat irreversible (i.e., cannot be regained after the mild hydrogen treatment). Addition of ammonia led to a significant loss in BET surface area and changes in pore diameter (consistent with pore collapse of a fraction of pores into the microporous range as described in the literature), as well as formation of catalytically inactive cobalt support compounds for the silica-supported catalyst. On the other hand, the pore characteristics of alumina and titania-supported catalysts were not significantly changed. In conclusion, XANES results of the ammonia exposed silica-supported catalysts further confirm the formation of cobalt-support compounds (cobalt silicates).
Book Synopsis Iron and Cobalt Catalysts by : Wilson D. Shafer
Download or read book Iron and Cobalt Catalysts written by Wilson D. Shafer and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-06-23 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the turn of the last century when the field of catalysis was born, iron and cobalt have been key players in numerous catalysis processes. These metals, due to their ability to activate CO and CH, haev a major economic impact worldwide. Several industrial processes and synthetic routes use these metals: biomass-to-liquids (BTL), coal-to-liquids (CTL), natural gas-to-liquids (GTL), water-gas-shift, alcohol synthesis, alcohol steam reforming, polymerization processes, cross-coupling reactions, and photocatalyst activated reactions. A vast number of materials are produced from these processes, including oil, lubricants, waxes, diesel and jet fuels, hydrogen (e.g., fuel cell applications), gasoline, rubbers, plastics, alcohols, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, feed-stock chemicals, and other alternative materials. However, given the true complexities of the variables involved in these processes, many key mechanistic issues are still not fully defined or understood. This Special Issue of Catalysis will be a collaborative effort to combine current catalysis research on these metals from experimental and theoretical perspectives on both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. We welcome contributions from the catalysis community on catalyst characterization, kinetics, reaction mechanism, reactor development, theoretical modeling, and surface science.
Book Synopsis Studying the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis on Alumina Support Cobalt Base Catalyst in Fixed Bed Reactor by : Adnan Khalil Oues
Download or read book Studying the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis on Alumina Support Cobalt Base Catalyst in Fixed Bed Reactor written by Adnan Khalil Oues and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Fischer-Tropsch catalyst composed of cobalt supported on alumina was prepared. This catalyst was cobalt/alumina (Co/AL2 O3 ). The physical characterization of the catalyst was conducted using surface area analysis through the BET method, and particle size analysis. Fischer-Tropsch experiments were conducted in a fixed bed reactor. A flow rate of 100sml/min was selected based experimentally. Two temperatures were 330, and 350°C, and three different pressures as follows 145, 217.6, and 290 psig. The results were evaluated and studied based on conversion of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, in addition to selectivity of products.
Book Synopsis Advances in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts, and Catalysis by : B. H. Davis
Download or read book Advances in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts, and Catalysis written by B. H. Davis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-11-10 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rising oil costs have stimulated significant interest in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) as a method for producing a synthetic petroleum substitute. Drawn from the proceedings at a symposium held during the 236th meeting of the American Chemical Society in Philadelphia in August 2008, Advances in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts, and Cataly
Book Synopsis Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences by : Wade H. Shafer
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by Wade H. Shafer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and dis seminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the ac tivity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 23 (thesis year 1978) a total of 10,148 theses titles from 27 Canadian and 220 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for theses titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 23 reports these submitted in 1978, on occasion, certain universities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
Book Synopsis Effect of Alumina Support Modification on Performance of Cobalt and Iron Catalysts in Fischer-tropsch Reaction by :
Download or read book Effect of Alumina Support Modification on Performance of Cobalt and Iron Catalysts in Fischer-tropsch Reaction written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effect of alumina support modification for applications as cobalt and iron catalyst supports in Fischer-Tropsch reaction were studied. Alumina supports consisting of various gamma to chi ratios were prepared using solvothermal method and employed as supports for cobalt catalysts. In order to identify the characteristics, all the catalysts were characterized using surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy2Energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and hydrogen and carbon monoxide chemisorption. CO hydrogenation (H 2CO = 10/1) was also performed to determine the overall activity and selectivity of the Co/AL O catalysts containing various gamma to chi ratios. It was found that both activity and selectivity were increased with increasing the chi to gamma ratios of the alumina supports. It is suggested that the spherical;-shape like morphology of the -phase AL O provide better stability and dispersion of the Co particles. In addition, the effect of Cu-modification of alumina support for applications as iron catalyst supports in Fischer-Tropsch reaction (H 2CO - 2/1) was also investigated. It was found that the use of copper-modified alumina supports enhanced both reducibilities and the overall activities of Fe/AL O catalysts. However, Cu-modification of alumina support appeared to have no effect on selectivity of the F-T products.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Silica Supported Iron-cobalt Catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis by : Robert Merrill Stanfield
Download or read book Characterization of Silica Supported Iron-cobalt Catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis written by Robert Merrill Stanfield and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fischer-Tropsch Technology by : André Steynberg
Download or read book Fischer-Tropsch Technology written by André Steynberg and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-10-30 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fischer-Tropsch Technology is a unique book for its state-of-the-art approach to Fischer Tropsch (FT) technology. This book provides an explanation of the basic principles and terminology that are required to understand the application of FT technology. It also contains comprehensive references to patents and previous publications. As the first publication to focus on theory and application, it is a contemporary reference source for students studying chemistry and chemical engineering. Researchers and engineers active in the development of FT technology will also find this book an invaluable source of information. * Is the first publication to cover the theory and application for modern Fischer Tropsch technology * Contains comprehensive knowledge on all aspects relevant to the application of Fischer Tropsch technology* No other publication looks at past, present and future applications
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781719501361 Total Pages :100 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (13 download)
Book Synopsis Fischer-Tropsch Cobalt Catalyst Improvements with the Presence of TiO2, La2O3, and ZrO2 on an Alumina Support by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Fischer-Tropsch Cobalt Catalyst Improvements with the Presence of TiO2, La2O3, and ZrO2 on an Alumina Support written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-05-22 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of titanium oxide, lanthanum oxide, and zirconium oxide on alumina supported cobalt catalysts. The hypothesis was that the presence of lanthanum oxide, titanium oxide, and zirconium oxide would reduce the interaction between cobalt and the alumina support. This was of interest because an optimized weakened interaction could lead to the most advantageous cobalt dispersion, particle size, and reducibility. The presence of these oxides on the support were investigated using a wide range of characterization techniques such as SEM, nitrogen adsorption, x-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), temperature programmed reduction after reduction (TPR-AR), and hydrogen chemisorptions/pulse reoxidation. Results indicated that both La2O3 and TiO2 doped supports facilitated the reduction of cobalt oxide species in reference to pure alumina supported cobalt catalysts, however further investigation is needed to determine the effect of ZrO2 on the reduction profile. Results showed an increased corrected cluster size for all three doped supported catalysts in comparison to their reference catalysts. The increase in reduction and an increase in the cluster size led to the conclusion that the support-metal interaction weakened by the addition of TiO2 and La2O3. It is also likely that the interaction decreased upon presence of ZrO2 on the alumina, but further research is necessary. Preliminary results have indicated that the alumina-supported catalysts with titanium oxide and lanthanum oxide present are of interest because of the weakened cobalt support interaction. These catalysts showed an increased extent of reduction, therefore more metallic cobalt is present on the support. However, whether or not there is more cobalt available to participate in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction (cobalt surface atoms) depends also on the cluster size. On one hand, increasing cluster size alone tends to decrease the
Book Synopsis Investigation of Intrinsic Activity of Cobalt and Iron Based Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts Using Transient Kinetic Methods by : Alexandre Antônio Bento Carvalho
Download or read book Investigation of Intrinsic Activity of Cobalt and Iron Based Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts Using Transient Kinetic Methods written by Alexandre Antônio Bento Carvalho and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work exposed in this manuscript concerns the study of the intrinsic activity and localization of active sites in cobalt and iron based catalysts using a combination of transient kinetic methods such as SSITKA, extended physicochemical characterization and catalytic tests under quasi steady state conditions. Promotion of iron catalysts with metals used for soldering (Bi and Pb) results a remarkable increase in the light olefin production rate with the possibility to conduct Fischer-Tropsch synthesis at very mild reaction conditions (low pressure) and even at atmospheric pressure. Transient kinetic experiments showed facilitation of CO dissociation in the presence of promoters by scavenging O atoms from iron carbide. Cobalt catalyst supported by mordenite zeolite presented higher value of SSITKA rate constant. Localization of cobalt active sites in bifunctional cobalt-zeolite catalysts has a major impact on the reaction rate and in particular on the hydrocarbon selectivity. A proximity between the cobalt active site and Bronsted active sites was found to be a key parameter to obtain higher selectivity and yield of isomerized hydrocarbons. SSITKA combined with catalyst characterization revealed that carbon deposition and cobalt nanoparticle agglomeration were responsible for the deactivation of silica supported cobalt catalysts. Catalyst rejuvenation in hydrogen lessened the amounts of deposited carbon species and partially released the most active sites of carbon monoxide dissociative adsorption and stronger sites of carbon monoxide reversible adsorption.
Book Synopsis Catalysis in the Refining of Fischer-Tropsch Syncrude by : Arno de Klerk
Download or read book Catalysis in the Refining of Fischer-Tropsch Syncrude written by Arno de Klerk and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2010 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to provide a review of the literature on the catalysis needed to refine syncrude to transportation fuels.
Book Synopsis Fischer-Tropsch cobalt catalyst improvements with the presence of TiO2, La2O3, and ZrO2 on an alumina support by : Jennifer Lindsey Suder Klettlinger
Download or read book Fischer-Tropsch cobalt catalyst improvements with the presence of TiO2, La2O3, and ZrO2 on an alumina support written by Jennifer Lindsey Suder Klettlinger and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Utilization of Cobalt Catalyst for High Temperature Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in a Fluidized Bed Reactor by : James C. Mabry
Download or read book Utilization of Cobalt Catalyst for High Temperature Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in a Fluidized Bed Reactor written by James C. Mabry and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research determined that the improved heat transfer characteristics of a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) will allow the use of cobalt catalyst for high temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (HTFT). Cobalt was loaded onto a gamma alumina support, the catalyst was characterized using TPR, BET/BJH, XRD, and PSA to track changes in the catalyst morphology. The reactor was characterized to determine the minimum fluidization velocity and the maximum velocity prior to entering lean phase fluidization with pneumatic transport of the catalyst. The highest minimum fluidization velocity was found to be about 2800 sccm, there was no maximum velocity found for the reactor setup. Once characterized, the reactor was operated at pressures of 145, 217.6, and 290.1 psig, a syngas flow rate of 4000 sccm, and at temperatures of 330 and 350°C. The optimal conditions found in this study were 330°C and 217 psig. At these conditions CO conversion was 83.53% for a single pass. Methane, CO 2 , and light gases (C2-C4) selectivities were at low rates of 31.43, 5.80, and 3.48 % respectively. Alcohol selectivity at these conditions was non-existent. The olefin and wax selectivities were the lowest of the data set at 7.05 and 3.18% respectively. Liquid transportation fuels selectivity was the highest at 56.11%.
Download or read book Catalysis written by James J Spivey and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2013-03-11 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 7000 papers are published in the field of catalysis each year. While the majority appear within a handful publications, keeping up with the literature can be difficult. Now in its 25th volume, the Specialist Periodical Report on Catalysis presents critical and comprehensive reviews of the hottest literature published over the last twelve months. Industrial and academic scientists face increasing challenges to find cost-effective and environmentally sound methods for converting natural resources into fuels, chemicals and energy. This series is edited by two leading researchers in the field and provides a balanced and in-depth review of the modern approaches to these challenges, covering major areas of heterogeneous and homogenous catalysis, as well as specific applications of catalysis, such as NOx control, kinetics and experimental techniques, such as microcalorimetry. With chapters detailing specific areas within the field, this series is a comprehensive reference for anyone working in Catalysis and an essential resource for any Chemistry Library.
Book Synopsis Hydrocarbon Chemistry by : George A. Olah
Download or read book Hydrocarbon Chemistry written by George A. Olah and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-09-10 with total page 897 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrocarbons and their transformations play major roles in chemistry as raw materials and sources of energy. Diminishing petroleum supplies, regulatory problems, and environmental concerns constantly challenge chemists to rethink and redesign the industrial applications of hydrocarbons. Written by Nobel Prize-winner George Olah and hydrocarbon expert Árpád Molnár, the completely revised and expanded Second Edition of Hydrocarbon Chemistry provides an unparalleled contemporary assessment of the field, presenting basic concepts, current research, and future applications. Hydrocarbon Chemistry begins by discussing the general aspects of hydrocarbons, the separation of hydrocarbons from natural sources, and the synthesis from C1 precursors with recent developments for possible future applications. Each successive chapter deals with a specific type of hydrocarbon transformation. The Second Edition includes a new section on the chemical reduction of carbon dioxide–focusing on catalytic, ionic, electrocatalytic, photocatalytic, and ezymatic reductions–as well as a new chapter on new catalysts and activation methods, combinatorial chemistry, and environmental chemistry. Other topics covered include: Major processes of the petrochemical industry, such as cracking, reforming, isomerization, and alkylation Derivation reactions to form carbon-heteroatom bonds Hydrocarbon oxidations Metathesis Oligomerization and polymerization of hydrocarbons All chapters have been updated by adding sections on recent developments to review new advances and results. Essential reading for practicing scientists in industry, polymer and catalytic chemists, as well as researchers and graduate students, Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Second Edition remains the benchmark text in its field.
Book Synopsis Natural Gas Conversion V by : A. Parmaliana
Download or read book Natural Gas Conversion V written by A. Parmaliana and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-09-17 with total page 1005 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On January 1988, the ascertained and economically accessible reserves of Natural Gas (NG) amounted to over 144,000 billion cubic meters worldwide, corresponding to 124 billion tons of oil equivalents (comparable with the liquid oil reserves, which are estimated to be 138 billion TOE). It is hypothesized that the volume of NG reserve will continue to grow at the same rate of the last decade. Forecasts on production indicate a potential increase from about 2,000 billion cubic meters in 1990 to not more than 3,300 billion cubic meters in 2010, even in a high economic development scenario. NG consumption represents only one half of oil: 1.9 billion TOE/y as compared to 3.5 of oil. Consequently, in the future gas will exceed oil as a carbon atom source. In the future the potential for getting energetic vectors or petrochemicals from NG will continue to grow. The topics covered in Natural Gas Conversion V reflect the large global R&D effort to look for new and economic ways of NG exploitation. These range from the direct conversion of methane and light paraffins to the indirect conversion through synthesis gas to fuels and chemicals. Particularly underlined and visible are the technologies already commercially viable. These proceedings prove that mature and technologically feasible processes for natural gas conversion are already available and that new and improved catalytic approaches are currently developing, the validity and feasibility of which will soon be documented. This is an exciting area of modern catalysis, which will certainly open novel and rewarding perspectives for the chemical, energy and petrochemical industries.
