Changes Of Problem Representation

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Changes of Problem Representation

Author : Eugene Fink
Publisher : Physica
ISBN 13 : 3790817740
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Changes of Problem Representation by : Eugene Fink

Download or read book Changes of Problem Representation written by Eugene Fink and published by Physica. This book was released on 2013-03-20 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of our research is to enhance the efficiency of AI problem solvers by automating representation changes. We have developed a system that improves the description of input problems and selects an appropriate search algorithm for each given problem. Motivation. Researchers have accumulated much evidence on the impor tance of appropriate representations for the efficiency of AI systems. The same problem may be easy or difficult, depending on the way we describe it and on the search algorithm we use. Previous work on the automatic im provement of problem descriptions has mostly been limited to the design of individual learning algorithms. The user has traditionally been responsible for the choice of algorithms appropriate for a given problem. We present a system that integrates multiple description-changing and problem-solving algorithms. The purpose of the reported work is to formalize the concept of representation and to confirm the following hypothesis: An effective representation-changing system can be built from three parts: • a library of problem-solving algorithms; • a library of algorithms that improve problem descriptions; • a control module that selects algorithms for each given problem.

Problem Representation in Foreign Policy Decision-Making

Author : Donald A. Sylvan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521622936
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Problem Representation in Foreign Policy Decision-Making by : Donald A. Sylvan

Download or read book Problem Representation in Foreign Policy Decision-Making written by Donald A. Sylvan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-09-13 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explains the representation of a problem as well as the choice among specified options for its solution.

Use of Representations in Reasoning and Problem Solving

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136943994
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (369 download)

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Book Synopsis Use of Representations in Reasoning and Problem Solving by :

Download or read book Use of Representations in Reasoning and Problem Solving written by and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within an increasingly multimedia focused society, the use of external representations in learning, teaching and communication has increased dramatically. This book explores: how we can theorise the relationship between processing internal and external representations.

Change of Representation and Inductive Bias

Author : D. Paul Benjamin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461315239
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Change of Representation and Inductive Bias by : D. Paul Benjamin

Download or read book Change of Representation and Inductive Bias written by D. Paul Benjamin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Change of Representation and Inductive Bias One of the most important emerging concerns of machine learning researchers is the dependence of their learning programs on the underlying representations, especially on the languages used to describe hypotheses. The effectiveness of learning algorithms is very sensitive to this choice of language; choosing too large a language permits too many possible hypotheses for a program to consider, precluding effective learning, but choosing too small a language can prohibit a program from being able to find acceptable hypotheses. This dependence is not just a pitfall, however; it is also an opportunity. The work of Saul Amarel over the past two decades has demonstrated the effectiveness of representational shift as a problem-solving technique. An increasing number of machine learning researchers are building programs that learn to alter their language to improve their effectiveness. At the Fourth Machine Learning Workshop held in June, 1987, at the University of California at Irvine, it became clear that the both the machine learning community and the number of topics it addresses had grown so large that the representation issue could not be discussed in sufficient depth. A number of attendees were particularly interested in the related topics of constructive induction, problem reformulation, representation selection, and multiple levels of abstraction. Rob Holte, Larry Rendell, and I decided to hold a workshop in 1988 to discuss these topics. To keep this workshop small, we decided that participation be by invitation only.

Climate Change Fictions: Representations of the Dark Anthropocene

Author : Jiang Lifu
Publisher : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. USA
ISBN 13 : 1649973993
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (499 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Change Fictions: Representations of the Dark Anthropocene by : Jiang Lifu

Download or read book Climate Change Fictions: Representations of the Dark Anthropocene written by Jiang Lifu and published by Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. USA. This book was released on 2022-08-11 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change fiction to some extent is all about the imagination and representation of the dark Anthropocene, which demonstrates writers’ concerns and anxieties of the predicament humanity might face resulting from dramatic climate change. This book selects and delves into some most crucial climate change novels analyzing how climate change and its consequences are imagined and represented by Western writers from the perspective of risks, community, imagology in the phase of Anthropocene 3.0.

Insight and Intuition – Two Sides of the Same Coin?

Author : Michael Öllinger
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 288945519X
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Insight and Intuition – Two Sides of the Same Coin? by : Michael Öllinger

Download or read book Insight and Intuition – Two Sides of the Same Coin? written by Michael Öllinger and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-07-12 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insight and intuition might be the most mysterious and fascinating fields of human thinking and problem solving. They are different from standard and analytical problem solving accounts and provide the basis for creative and innovative thinking. Until now they were investigated in separate academic fields with differing tradition. Therefore, this eBook attempts to bridge the gap between both processes and to provide a more integrated perspective. Several experts address the underlying cognitive processes and provide a broad spectrum of new empirical, theoretical, and methodological insights.

Production System Models of Learning and Development

Author : David Klahr
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262111140
Total Pages : 492 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis Production System Models of Learning and Development by : David Klahr

Download or read book Production System Models of Learning and Development written by David Klahr and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive psychologists have found the production systems class of computer simulation models to be one of the most direct ways to cast complex theories of human intelligence. There have been many scattered studies on production systems since they were first proposed as computational models of human problem-solving behavior by Allen Newell some twenty years ago, but this is the first book to focus exclusively on these important models of human cognition, collecting and giving many of the best examples of current research. In the first chapter, Robert Neches, Pat Langley, and David Klahr provide an overview of the fundamental issues involved in using production systems as a medium for theorizing about cognitive processes, emphasizing their theoretical power. The remaining chapters take up learning by doing and learning by understanding, discrimination learning, learning through incremental refinement, learning by chunking, procedural earning, and learning by composition. A model of cognitive development called BAIRN is described, and a final chapter reviews John Anderson's ACT theory and discusses how it can be used in intelligent tutoring systems, including one that teaches LISP programming skills. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Yuichiro Anzai (Hokkaido University, Japan), Paul Rosenbloom (Stanford) and Allen Newell (Carnegie-Mellon), Stellan Ohlsson (University of Pittsburgh), Clayton Lewis (University of Colorado, Boulder), Iain Wallace and Kevin Bluff (Deakon University, Australia), and John Anderson (Carnegie-Mellon). David Klahr is Professor and Head of the Department of Psychology at Carnegie-Mellon University. Pat Langley is Associate Professor, Department ofInformation and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, and Robert Neches is Research Computer Scientist at University of Southern California Information Sciences Institute. "Production System Models of Learning and Development" is included in the series Computational Models of Cognition and Perception, edited by Jerome A. Feldman, Patrick J. Hayes, and David E.Rumelhart. A Bradford Book.

Negotiation Processes: Modeling Frameworks and Information Technology

Author : Melvin Shakun
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400918240
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Negotiation Processes: Modeling Frameworks and Information Technology by : Melvin Shakun

Download or read book Negotiation Processes: Modeling Frameworks and Information Technology written by Melvin Shakun and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on negotiation processes and how negotiation modeling frameworks and information technology can support these. A modeling framework for negotiation as a purposeful complex adaptive process is presented and computer-implemented in the first three chapters. Two game-theoretic contributions use non-cooperative games in extensive form and a computer-implemented graph model for conflict resolution, respectively. Two chapters use the negotiators' joint utility distribution to provide problem structure and computer support. A chapter on cognitive support uses restructurable modeling as a framework. One chapter matches information technologies with negotiation tasks. Another develops computer support based on preference programming. Two final chapters develop a stakeholder approach to support system evaluation, and a research framework for them, respectively. Negotiation Processes: Modeling Frameworks and Information Technology will be of interest to researchers and students in the areas of negotiation, group decision/negotiation support systems and management science, as well as to practising negotiators interested in this technology.

Learning, Problem Solving, and Mindtools

Author : J. Michael Spector
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136277366
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (362 download)

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Book Synopsis Learning, Problem Solving, and Mindtools by : J. Michael Spector

Download or read book Learning, Problem Solving, and Mindtools written by J. Michael Spector and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-04-12 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learning, Problem Solving, and Mindtools is inspired by the substantial body of learning research by David H. Jonassen in the areas of mind tools and problem solving. The focus of the volume is on educational technology, especially with regard to how new technologies have facilitated and supported problem solving and critical thinking. Each chapter focuses on a particular aspect of learning with technology and elaborates the implications for the design and implementation of learning environments and activities aimed at improving the conceptualization of problems, reasoning and higher-order thinking, and solving challenging problems. This collection of scholarly essays provides a highly engaging treatment of using tools and technologies to improve problem solving; multiple perspectives on integrating educational technology to support learning in complex and challenging problem solving domains; guidance for the design of instruction to support problem solving; a systemic account of the relationships between mental models, instructional models, and assessment models; and a look into the future of educational technology research and practice.

Cognitive Psychology

Author : Michael W. Eysenck
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134440464
Total Pages : 761 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (344 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Psychology by : Michael W. Eysenck

Download or read book Cognitive Psychology written by Michael W. Eysenck and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-09-11 with total page 761 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous editions have established this best-selling student handbook as THE cognitive psychology textbook of choice, both for its academic rigour and its accessibility. This sixth edition continues this tradition. It has been substantially updated and revised to reflect new developments in the field (especially within cognitive neuroscience). Traditional approaches are combined with the cutting-edge cognitive neuroscience approach to create a comprehensive, coherent and totally up-to-date overview of all the main fields in cognitive psychology. The major topics covered include perception, attention, memory, concepts, language, problem solving, and reasoning, as well as some applied topics such as everyday memory. New to this edition: Presented in full-colour throughout, with numerous colour illustrations including photographs and brain scans Increased emphasis on cognitive neuroscience, to reflect its growing influence on cognitive psychology A NEW chapter on Cognition and Emotion A WHOLE chapter on Consciousness Increased coverage of applied topics such as recovered memories, medical expertise, informal reasoning, and emotion regulation incorporated throughout the textbook More focus on individual differences in areas including long-term memory, expertise, reasoning, emotion and regulation. The textbook is packed full of useful features that will engage students and aid revision, including key terms, which are new to this edition, chapter summaries, and suggestions for further reading. Written by one of the leading textbook authors in psychology, this thorough and user-friendly textbook will continue to be essential reading for all undergraduate students of psychology. Those taking courses in computer science, education, linguistics, physiology, and medicine will also find it an invaluable resource. This edition is accompanied by a rich array of supplementary materials, which will be made available to qualifying adopters completely free of charge. The online multimedia materials include: A PowerPoint lecture course and multiple-choice question test bank A unique Student Learning Program: an interactive revision program incorporating a range of multimedia resources including interactive exercises and demonstrations, and active reference links to journal articles.

Elgar Companion to Herbert Simon

Author : Gerd Gigerenzer
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1800370687
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Elgar Companion to Herbert Simon by : Gerd Gigerenzer

Download or read book Elgar Companion to Herbert Simon written by Gerd Gigerenzer and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-04-12 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Honoring the life and work of Herbert Simon, this illuminating Companion provides an in-depth survey of one of the most prolific social scientists of our age. Mirroring the breadth of Simon’s studies, chapters analyze his contributions to artificial intelligence, economics, entrepreneurship, management, psychology and other fields.

International Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning

Author : Linden J. Ball
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131753476X
Total Pages : 646 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis International Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning by : Linden J. Ball

Download or read book International Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning written by Linden J. Ball and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-14 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge International Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning is an authoritative reference work providing a balanced overview of current scholarship spanning the full breadth of the rapidly developing and expanding field of thinking and reasoning. It contains 35 chapters written by leading international researchers, covering foundational issues as well as state-of-the-art developments in thinking and reasoning research. Topics covered range across all sub-areas of thinking and reasoning, including deduction, induction, abduction, judgment, decision making, argumentation, problem solving, expertise, creativity and rationality. The contributors engage with cutting-edge debates such as the status of dual-process theories of thinking, the role of unconscious, intuitive, emotional and metacognitive processes in thinking, and the importance of probabilistic conceptualisations of thinking and reasoning. Authors also examine the importance of neuroscientific findings in informing theoretical developments, and explore the situated nature of thinking and reasoning across a range of real-world contexts such as mathematics, medicine and science. The Handbook provides a clear sense of the way in which contemporary ideas are challenging traditional viewpoints as "new paradigm of the psychology of reasoning" emerges. This paradigm-shifting research is paving the way toward a richer and more inclusive understanding of thinking and reasoning, where important new questions drive a forward-looking research agenda. It is essential reading for both established researchers in the field of thinking and reasoning as well as advanced students wishing to learn more about both the historical foundations and latest developments in this rapidly growing field.

Neural Correlates of Thinking

Author : Eduard Kraft
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540680446
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (46 download)

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Book Synopsis Neural Correlates of Thinking by : Eduard Kraft

Download or read book Neural Correlates of Thinking written by Eduard Kraft and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-14 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advances in neuroimaging technologies have led to substantial progress in understanding the neural mechanisms of cognitive functions. Thinking and reasoning have only recently been addressed by using neuroimaging techniques. The present book comprehensively explores current approaches and contributions to understanding the neural mechanisms of thinking in a concise and readable manner. It provides an insight into the state of the art and the potentials, but also the limitations of current neuroimaging methods for studying cognitive functions. The book will be a valuable companion for everyone interested in one of the most fascinating topics of cognitive neuroscience.

The Logic of Adaptive Behavior

Author : Martijn van Otterlo
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 1586039695
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of Adaptive Behavior by : Martijn van Otterlo

Download or read book The Logic of Adaptive Behavior written by Martijn van Otterlo and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Markov decision processes have become the de facto standard in modeling and solving sequential decision making problems under uncertainty. This book studies lifting Markov decision processes, reinforcement learning and dynamic programming to the first-order (or, relational) setting.

Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN X

Author : Günter Rudolph
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540877002
Total Pages : 1183 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN X by : Günter Rudolph

Download or read book Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN X written by Günter Rudolph and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-09-16 with total page 1183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, PPSN 2008, held in Dortmund, Germany, in September 2008. The 114 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 206 submissions. The conference covers a wide range of topics, such as evolutionary computation, quantum computation, molecular computation, neural computation, artificial life, swarm intelligence, artificial ant systems, artificial immune systems, self-organizing systems, emergent behaviors, and applications to real-world problems. The paper are organized in topical sections on formal theory, new techniques, experimental analysis, multiobjective optimization, hybrid methods, and applications.

Operational Research and the Social Sciences

Author : S.A. Cropper
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461307899
Total Pages : 694 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Operational Research and the Social Sciences by : S.A. Cropper

Download or read book Operational Research and the Social Sciences written by S.A. Cropper and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty five years ago, in 1964, The Operational Research Society's first International Conference (held at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge) took as its theme "Operational Research and the Social Sciences". The Conference sessions were organised around topics such as: Organisations and Control; Social Effects of Policies; Conflict Resolution; The Systems Concept; Models, Decisions and Operational Research. An examination of the published proceedings (J.R.Lawrence ed., 1966, Operational Research and the Social Sciences, Tavistock, London) reveals a distinct contrast between the types of contribution made by the representatives of the two academic communities involved. Nevertheless, the Conference served to break down some barriers, largely of ignorance about the objects, methods and findings of each concern. In the ensuing twenty five years, although debate has continued about the relationship between OR and the social sciences, mutual understanding has proved more difficult to achieve than many must have hoped for in 1964.

Designing for Change in Networked Learning Environments

Author : B. Wasson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401701954
Total Pages : 531 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Designing for Change in Networked Learning Environments by : B. Wasson

Download or read book Designing for Change in Networked Learning Environments written by B. Wasson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is of interest to researchers and students, designers, educators, and industrial trainers in such disciplines as education, cognitive, social and educational psychology, didactics, computer science, linguistics and semiotics, speech communication, anthropology, sociology and design. It includes discussions on knowledge building, designing and analyzing group interaction, design of collaborative multimedia and 3D environments, computational modeling and analysis, and software agents.