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Author : Eugene Fink
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783662003046
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Changes of Problem Representation written by Eugene Fink and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Eugene Fink
Publisher : Physica
ISBN 13 : 3790817740
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (98 download)
Download or read book Changes of Problem Representation written by Eugene Fink and published by Physica. This book was released on 2013-03-20 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of our research is to enhance the efficiency of AI problem solvers by automating representation changes. We have developed a system that improves the description of input problems and selects an appropriate search algorithm for each given problem. Motivation. Researchers have accumulated much evidence on the impor tance of appropriate representations for the efficiency of AI systems. The same problem may be easy or difficult, depending on the way we describe it and on the search algorithm we use. Previous work on the automatic im provement of problem descriptions has mostly been limited to the design of individual learning algorithms. The user has traditionally been responsible for the choice of algorithms appropriate for a given problem. We present a system that integrates multiple description-changing and problem-solving algorithms. The purpose of the reported work is to formalize the concept of representation and to confirm the following hypothesis: An effective representation-changing system can be built from three parts: • a library of problem-solving algorithms; • a library of algorithms that improve problem descriptions; • a control module that selects algorithms for each given problem.
Author : Donald A. Sylvan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521622936
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (229 download)
Download or read book Problem Representation in Foreign Policy Decision-Making written by Donald A. Sylvan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-09-13 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explains the representation of a problem as well as the choice among specified options for its solution.
Author : D. Paul Benjamin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461315239
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)
Download or read book Change of Representation and Inductive Bias written by D. Paul Benjamin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Change of Representation and Inductive Bias One of the most important emerging concerns of machine learning researchers is the dependence of their learning programs on the underlying representations, especially on the languages used to describe hypotheses. The effectiveness of learning algorithms is very sensitive to this choice of language; choosing too large a language permits too many possible hypotheses for a program to consider, precluding effective learning, but choosing too small a language can prohibit a program from being able to find acceptable hypotheses. This dependence is not just a pitfall, however; it is also an opportunity. The work of Saul Amarel over the past two decades has demonstrated the effectiveness of representational shift as a problem-solving technique. An increasing number of machine learning researchers are building programs that learn to alter their language to improve their effectiveness. At the Fourth Machine Learning Workshop held in June, 1987, at the University of California at Irvine, it became clear that the both the machine learning community and the number of topics it addresses had grown so large that the representation issue could not be discussed in sufficient depth. A number of attendees were particularly interested in the related topics of constructive induction, problem reformulation, representation selection, and multiple levels of abstraction. Rob Holte, Larry Rendell, and I decided to hold a workshop in 1988 to discuss these topics. To keep this workshop small, we decided that participation be by invitation only.
Author : Luigia Carlucci Aiello
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 696 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning written by Luigia Carlucci Aiello and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 1996 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Olle ten Cate
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319648284
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)
Download or read book Principles and Practice of Case-based Clinical Reasoning Education written by Olle ten Cate and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume describes and explains the educational method of Case-Based Clinical Reasoning (CBCR) used successfully in medical schools to prepare students to think like doctors before they enter the clinical arena and become engaged in patient care. Although this approach poses the paradoxical problem of a lack of clinical experience that is so essential for building proficiency in clinical reasoning, CBCR is built on the premise that solving clinical problems involves the ability to reason about disease processes. This requires knowledge of anatomy and the working and pathology of organ systems, as well as the ability to regard patient problems as patterns and compare them with instances of illness scripts of patients the clinician has seen in the past and stored in memory. CBCR stimulates the development of early, rudimentary illness scripts through elaboration and systematic discussion of the courses of action from the initial presentation of the patient to the final steps of clinical management. The book combines general backgrounds of clinical reasoning education and assessment with a detailed elaboration of the CBCR method for application in any medical curriculum, either as a mandatory or as an elective course. It consists of three parts: a general introduction to clinical reasoning education, application of the CBCR method, and cases that can used by educators to try out this method.
Author : Lieven Verschaffel
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136943994
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (369 download)
Download or read book Use of Representations in Reasoning and Problem Solving written by Lieven Verschaffel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-13 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within an increasingly multimedia focused society, the use of external representations in learning, teaching and communication has increased dramatically. This book explores: how we can theorise the relationship between processing internal and external representations.
Author : Franz Rothlauf
Publisher : Physica
ISBN 13 : 3642880940
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)
Download or read book Representations for Genetic and Evolutionary Algorithms written by Franz Rothlauf and published by Physica. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the field of genetic and evolutionary algorithms (GEAs), much theory and empirical study has been heaped upon operators and test problems, but problem representation has often been taken as given. This monograph breaks with this tradition and studies a number of critical elements of a theory of representations for GEAs and applies them to the empirical study of various important idealized test functions and problems of commercial import. The book considers basic concepts of representations, such as redundancy, scaling and locality and describes how GEAs'performance is influenced. Using the developed theory representations can be analyzed and designed in a theory-guided manner. The theoretical concepts are used as examples for efficiently solving integer optimization problems and network design problems. The results show that proper representations are crucial for GEAs'success.
Author : Alan Blackwell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 354021268X
Total Pages : 469 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)
Download or read book Diagrammatic Representation and Inference written by Alan Blackwell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-03-12 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference, Diagrams 2004, held in Cambridge, UK, in March 2004. The 18 revised full papers and 42 revised poster papers presented together with a survey article and the abstracts of 2 posters were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 91 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on fundamental issues, logical aspects of diagrammatic representation and reasoning, computational aspects of diagrammatic representation and reasoning, cognitive aspects of diagrammatic representation and reasoning, visualizing information with diagrams, diagrams in human-computer interaction, and diagrams in software engineering.
Author : Lenita Freidenvall
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1786602083
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (866 download)
Download or read book Equal Representation without Legislation written by Lenita Freidenvall and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2021-04-14 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sweden has for many years been recognized as a model of gender equality, particularly with regards to its high proportion of female parliamentarians. This book traces this path to equal representation between women and men in elected bodies, with a special focus on candidate selection process and the implementation of special measures such as party quotas. Using an approach that is based on feminist institutionalism and discursive institutionalism, the author focuses on institutional reform and change and the ways in which both formal and informal institutions, including rules, practices and norms, as well as key actors’ strategies and alliances, may contribute to our understanding of women’s political representation in Sweden and what these gendered outcomes mean in a wider context.
Author : Irving E. Sigel
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135690774
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)
Download or read book Development of Mental Representation written by Irving E. Sigel and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a general and extensive literature in the development of representational thought and symbolic processes because of its centrality in human evolution. However, the umbrella of science and its method does not necessarily lead to a coherent conceptual model, or agreements among scholars. These basic differences among various disciplines have led to the creation of new and exciting realms of research. This book considers how representational or symbolic thought develops for children's use in a wide array of these circumstances.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309254140
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Discipline-Based Education Research written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-08-27 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Science Foundation funded a synthesis study on the status, contributions, and future direction of discipline-based education research (DBER) in physics, biological sciences, geosciences, and chemistry. DBER combines knowledge of teaching and learning with deep knowledge of discipline-specific science content. It describes the discipline-specific difficulties learners face and the specialized intellectual and instructional resources that can facilitate student understanding. Discipline-Based Education Research is based on a 30-month study built on two workshops held in 2008 to explore evidence on promising practices in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. This book asks questions that are essential to advancing DBER and broadening its impact on undergraduate science teaching and learning. The book provides empirical research on undergraduate teaching and learning in the sciences, explores the extent to which this research currently influences undergraduate instruction, and identifies the intellectual and material resources required to further develop DBER. Discipline-Based Education Research provides guidance for future DBER research. In addition, the findings and recommendations of this report may invite, if not assist, post-secondary institutions to increase interest and research activity in DBER and improve its quality and usefulness across all natural science disciples, as well as guide instruction and assessment across natural science courses to improve student learning. The book brings greater focus to issues of student attrition in the natural sciences that are related to the quality of instruction. Discipline-Based Education Research will be of interest to educators, policy makers, researchers, scholars, decision makers in universities, government agencies, curriculum developers, research sponsors, and education advocacy groups.
Author : Jiang Lifu
Publisher : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. USA
ISBN 13 : 1649973993
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (499 download)
Download or read book Climate Change Fictions: Representations of the Dark Anthropocene written by Jiang Lifu and published by Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. USA. This book was released on 2022-08-11 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change fiction to some extent is all about the imagination and representation of the dark Anthropocene, which demonstrates writers’ concerns and anxieties of the predicament humanity might face resulting from dramatic climate change. This book selects and delves into some most crucial climate change novels analyzing how climate change and its consequences are imagined and represented by Western writers from the perspective of risks, community, imagology in the phase of Anthropocene 3.0.
Author : Lieven Verschaffel
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136943986
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (369 download)
Download or read book Use of Representations in Reasoning and Problem Solving written by Lieven Verschaffel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-13 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within an increasingly multimedia focused society, the use of external representations in learning, teaching and communication has increased dramatically. Whether in the classroom, university or workplace, there is a growing requirement to use and interpret a large variety of external representational forms and tools for knowledge acquisition, problem solving, and to communicate with others. Use of Representations in Reasoning and Problem Solving brings together contributions from some of the world’s leading researchers in educational and instructional psychology, instructional design, and mathematics and science education to document the role which external representations play in our understanding, learning and communication. Traditional research has focused on the distinction between verbal and non-verbal representations, and the way they are processed, encoded and stored by different cognitive systems. The contributions here challenge these research findings and address the ambiguity about how these two cognitive systems interact, arguing that the classical distinction between textual and pictorial representations has become less prominent. The contributions in this book explore: how we can theorise the relationship between processing internal and external representations what perceptual and cognitive restraints can affect the use of external representations how individual differences affect the use of external representations how we can combine external representations to maximise their impact how we can adapt representational tools for individual differences. Using empirical research findings to take a fresh look at the processes which take place when learning via external representations, this book is essential reading for all those undertaking postgraduate study and research in the fields of educational and instructional psychology, instructional design and mathematics and science education.
Author : Amrita Basu
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030860620
Total Pages : 570 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)
Download or read book Diagrammatic Representation and Inference written by Amrita Basu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-21 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Diagrams, Diagrams 2021, held virtually in September 2021. The 16 full papers and 25 short papers presented together with 16 posters were carefully reviewed and selected from 94 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: design of concrete diagrams; theory of diagrams; diagrams and mathematics; diagrams and logic; new representation systems; analysis of diagrams; diagrams and computation; cognitive analysis; diagrams as structural tools; formal diagrams; and understanding thought processes. 10 chapters are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Author : Jerome P. Kassirer
Publisher : LWW
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Learning Clinical Reasoning written by Jerome P. Kassirer and published by LWW. This book was released on 2010 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employs a case-based approach to teach the basics of clinical reasoning, discusses steps in the clinical reasoning process, inductive and deductive strategies, data collection and its flaws, and assessing the reliability of clinical evidence.
Author : Michael R. W. Dawson
Publisher : Athabasca University Press
ISBN 13 : 1771992204
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (719 download)
Download or read book Connectionist Representations of Tonal Music written by Michael R. W. Dawson and published by Athabasca University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-13 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previously, artificial neural networks have been used to capture only the informal properties of music. However, cognitive scientist Michael Dawson found that by training artificial neural networks to make basic judgments concerning tonal music, such as identifying the tonic of a scale or the quality of a musical chord, the networks revealed formal musical properties that differ dramatically from those typically presented in music theory. For example, where Western music theory identifies twelve distinct notes or pitch-classes, trained artificial neural networks treat notes as if they belong to only three or four pitch-classes, a wildly different interpretation of the components of tonal music. Intended to introduce readers to the use of artificial neural networks in the study of music, this volume contains numerous case studies and research findings that address problems related to identifying scales, keys, classifying musical chords, and learning jazz chord progressions. A detailed analysis of the internal structure of trained networks could yield important contributions to the field of music cognition.
