Chance in Physics, Computer Science and Philosophy

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3658351128
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (583 download)

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Book Synopsis Chance in Physics, Computer Science and Philosophy by : Walter Hehl

Download or read book Chance in Physics, Computer Science and Philosophy written by Walter Hehl and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-17 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chance is uncanny to us. We thought it didn't exist, that God or a reasonable explanation was behind everything. But we know today: It exists. We know that much of what surrounds us and which we do not see through, nevertheless runs causally. Unlike what was thought in the days of the Enlightenment, chance is the rule around us rather than lawful order. The clouds are stochastic fractals, the waves on the sea are pure random machinery. The philosopher Charles Peirce recognized the fundamental importance of chance in precisely this sense, even before quantum and chaos theory, and gave the doctrine its name: Tychism. Without chance there would be nothing new, no life, no creativity, no history. This book looks at chance from the perspective of physics, computer science, and philosophy. It spans from antiquity to quantum physics and shows that chance is firmly built into the world and that it would not exist without chance. This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Der Zufall in Physik, Informatik und Philosophie by Walter Hehl, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2021. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.

Ten Great Ideas about Chance

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691196397
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Ten Great Ideas about Chance by : Persi Diaconis

Download or read book Ten Great Ideas about Chance written by Persi Diaconis and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-08 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, gamblers and mathematicians transformed the idea of chance from a mystery into the discipline of probability, setting the stage for a series of breakthroughs that enabled or transformed innumerable fields, from gambling, mathematics, statistics, economics, and finance to physics and computer science. This book tells the story of ten great ideas about chance and the thinkers who developed them, tracing the philosophical implications of these ideas as well as their mathematical impact.

The Challenge of Chance

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319263005
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis The Challenge of Chance by : Klaas Landsman

Download or read book The Challenge of Chance written by Klaas Landsman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-09 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a multidisciplinary perspective on chance, with contributions from distinguished researchers in the areas of biology, cognitive neuroscience, economics, genetics, general history, law, linguistics, logic, mathematical physics, statistics, theology and philosophy. The individual chapters are bound together by a general introduction followed by an opening chapter that surveys 2500 years of linguistic, philosophical, and scientific reflections on chance, coincidence, fortune, randomness, luck and related concepts. A main conclusion that can be drawn is that, even after all this time, we still cannot be sure whether chance is a truly fundamental and irreducible phenomenon, in that certain events are simply uncaused and could have been otherwise, or whether it is always simply a reflection of our ignorance. Other challenges that emerge from this book include a better understanding of the contextuality and perspectival character of chance (including its scale-dependence), and the curious fact that, throughout history (including contemporary science), chance has been used both as an explanation and as a hallmark of the absence of explanation. As such, this book challenges the reader to think about chance in a new way and to come to grips with this endlessly fascinating phenomenon.

Chance in the World

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Publisher : Oxford Studies in Philosophy o
ISBN 13 : 019090741X
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Chance in the World by : Carl Hoefer

Download or read book Chance in the World written by Carl Hoefer and published by Oxford Studies in Philosophy o. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether something happens randomly, by chance; or from a series of events.

Chance, Calculation and Life

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119823951
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (198 download)

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Book Synopsis Chance, Calculation and Life by : Thierry Gaudin

Download or read book Chance, Calculation and Life written by Thierry Gaudin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-23 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chance, Calculation and Life brings together 16 original papers from the colloquium of the same name, organized by the International Cultural Center of Cerisy in 2019. From mathematics to the humanities and biology, there are many concepts and questions related to chance. What are the different types of chance? Does chance correspond to a lack of knowledge about the causes of events, or is there a truly intrinsic and irreducible chance? Does chance preside over our decisions? Does it govern evolution? Is it at the origin of life? What part do chance and necessity play in biology? This book answers these fundamental questions by bringing together the clear and richly documented contributions of mathematicians, physicists, biologists and philosophers who make this book an incomparable tool for work and reflection.

Chance and Temporal Asymmetry

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Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191654485
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis Chance and Temporal Asymmetry by : Alastair Wilson

Download or read book Chance and Temporal Asymmetry written by Alastair Wilson and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-09-04 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chance and Temporal Asymmetry presents a collection of cutting-edge research papers in the metaphysics of science, tackling the perplexing philosophical problems raised by recent progress in the physics and metaphysics of chance and time. How do the probabilities found in fundamental physics and the probabilities of the special sciences relate to one another? Can a constraint on the initial conditions of the universe underwrite the second law of thermodynamics? How does contemporary quantum theory reframe debates over the nature of chance? What grounds do we have for believing in a fundamental direction to time? And how do all these questions connect up? The aim of the volume is both to survey and summarize recent debates about chance and temporal asymmetry and to push them forward. Familiar approaches are subjected to searching new critiques, and bold new proposals are made concerning (inter alia) the semantics of chance-attributions, the justification of the Principal Principle connecting chance and degree of belief, and the source of the temporal asymmetry of human experience. The contributors include world-leading figures in the field, all presenting new work rather than rehashing old ideas, as well as a number of promising junior scholars. A wide-ranging introduction connects the different chapters together, and provides essential background to the debates they take up. Technicality is kept to a minimum and philosophical and conceptual foundations take centre stage. Chance and Temporal Asymmetry sets the agenda for future work on time and chance, which are central to the emerging sub-field of metaphysics of science. It will be indispensable to graduate students and to specialists in metaphysics and philosophy of science.

A Philosophical Guide to Chance

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781139341776
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (417 download)

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Book Synopsis A Philosophical Guide to Chance by : Toby Handfield

Download or read book A Philosophical Guide to Chance written by Toby Handfield and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "It is a commonplace that scientific inquiry makes extensive use of probabilities, many of which seem to be objective chances, describing features of reality that are independent of our minds. Such chances appear to have a number of paradoxical or puzzling features: they appear to be mind-independent facts, but they are intimately connected with rational psychology; they display a temporal asymmetry, but they are supposed to be grounded in physical laws that are time-symmetric; and chances are used to explain and predict frequencies of events, although they cannot be reduced to those frequencies. This book offers an accessible and non-technical introduction to these and other puzzles. Toby Handfield engages with traditional metaphysics and philosophy of science, drawing upon recent work in the foundations of quantum mechanics and thermodynamics to provide a novel account of objective probability that is empirically informed without requiring specialist scientific knowledge"--

The Precipice

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Publisher : Hachette Books
ISBN 13 : 031648489X
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (164 download)

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Book Synopsis The Precipice by : Toby Ord

Download or read book The Precipice written by Toby Ord and published by Hachette Books. This book was released on 2020-03-24 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This urgent and eye-opening book makes the case that protecting humanity's future is the central challenge of our time. If all goes well, human history is just beginning. Our species could survive for billions of years - enough time to end disease, poverty, and injustice, and to flourish in ways unimaginable today. But this vast future is at risk. With the advent of nuclear weapons, humanity entered a new age, where we face existential catastrophes - those from which we could never come back. Since then, these dangers have only multiplied, from climate change to engineered pathogens and artificial intelligence. If we do not act fast to reach a place of safety, it will soon be too late. Drawing on over a decade of research, The Precipice explores the cutting-edge science behind the risks we face. It puts them in the context of the greater story of humanity: showing how ending these risks is among the most pressing moral issues of our time. And it points the way forward, to the actions and strategies that can safeguard humanity. An Oxford philosopher committed to putting ideas into action, Toby Ord has advised the US National Intelligence Council, the UK Prime Minister's Office, and the World Bank on the biggest questions facing humanity. In The Precipice, he offers a startling reassessment of human history, the future we are failing to protect, and the steps we must take to ensure that our generation is not the last. "A book that seems made for the present moment." —New Yorker

What a Coincidence!

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3658406712
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (584 download)

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Book Synopsis What a Coincidence! by : Bernhard Wessling

Download or read book What a Coincidence! written by Bernhard Wessling and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-05 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does chance enter our world? And why is so much not predictable? In an understandable, exciting and amusing narrative, the author takes us into the world of chemistry, quantum physics and biology. Touching on astronomy and philosophy, we witness a rewarding journey of discovery. In the process, he develops a completely new view of chance based on the laws of nature. Here, the omnipresent non-equilibrium plays an extremely decisive role, because it generates the complex structures in our world. Finally, on this basis, he presents an equally simple and captivating hypothesis on the nature of time. This non-fiction book provides a deep insight into the fascination of research, the agonizing search for fundamental understanding, and the struggle for scientific knowledge.

Natural Philosophy of Cause and Chance

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Philosophy of Cause and Chance by : Max Born

Download or read book Natural Philosophy of Cause and Chance written by Max Born and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Philosophy of Physics

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521565714
Total Pages : 532 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (657 download)

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Book Synopsis The Philosophy of Physics by : Roberto Torretti

Download or read book The Philosophy of Physics written by Roberto Torretti and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-10-28 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pursues the development of physics from Galileo and Newton to Einstein and the founders of quantum mechanics.

Modern Physics and Ancient Faith

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Publisher : University of Notre Dame Pess
ISBN 13 : 0268158053
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (681 download)

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Book Synopsis Modern Physics and Ancient Faith by : Stephen M. Barr

Download or read book Modern Physics and Ancient Faith written by Stephen M. Barr and published by University of Notre Dame Pess. This book was released on 2003-02-28 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A considerable amount of public debate and media print has been devoted to the “war between science and religion.” In his accessible and eminently readable new book, Stephen M. Barr demonstrates that what is really at war with religion is not science itself, but a philosophy called scientific materialism. Modern Physics and Ancient Faith argues that the great discoveries of modern physics are more compatible with the central teachings of Christianity and Judaism about God, the cosmos, and the human soul than with the atheistic viewpoint of scientific materialism. Scientific materialism grew out of scientific discoveries made from the time of Copernicus up to the beginning of the twentieth century. These discoveries led many thoughtful people to the conclusion that the universe has no cause or purpose, that the human race is an accidental by-product of blind material forces, and that the ultimate reality is matter itself. Barr contends that the revolutionary discoveries of the twentieth century run counter to this line of thought. He uses five of these discoveries—the Big Bang theory, unified field theories, anthropic coincidences, Gödel’s Theorem in mathematics, and quantum theory—to cast serious doubt on the materialist’s view of the world and to give greater credence to Judeo-Christian claims about God and the universe. Written in clear language, Barr’s rigorous and fair text explains modern physics to general readers without oversimplification. Using the insights of modern physics, he reveals that modern scientific discoveries and religious faith are deeply consonant. Anyone with an interest in science and religion will find Modern Physics and Ancient Faith invaluable.

A Science of Operations

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1848825552
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (488 download)

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Book Synopsis A Science of Operations by : Mark Priestley

Download or read book A Science of Operations written by Mark Priestley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-14 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, computers fulfil a dazzling array of roles, a flexibility resulting from the great range of programs that can be run on them. A Science of Operations examines the history of what we now call programming, defined not simply as computer programming, but more broadly as the definition of the steps involved in computations and other information-processing activities. This unique perspective highlights how the history of programming is distinct from the history of the computer, despite the close relationship between the two in the 20th century. The book also discusses how the development of programming languages is related to disparate fields which attempted to give a mechanical account of language on the one hand, and a linguistic account of machines on the other. Topics and features: Covers the early development of automatic computing, including Babbage’s “mechanical calculating engines” and the applications of punched-card technology, examines the theoretical work of mathematical logicians such as Kleene, Church, Post and Turing, and the machines built by Zuse and Aiken in the 1930s and 1940s, discusses the role that logic played in the development of the stored program computer, describes the “standard model” of machine-code programming popularised by Maurice Wilkes, presents the complete table for the universal Turing machine in the Appendices, investigates the rise of the initiatives aimed at developing higher-level programming nota tions, and how these came to be thought of as ‘languages’ that could be studied independently of a machine, examines the importance of the Algol 60 language, and the framework it provided for studying the design of programming languages and the process of software development and explores the early development of object-oriented languages, with a focus on the Smalltalk project. This fascinating text offers a new viewpoint for historians of science and technology, as well as for the general reader. The historical narrative builds the story in a clear and logical fashion, roughly following chronological order.

Chance, Logic And Intuition: An Introduction To The Counter-intuitive Logic Of Chance

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Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9811229201
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Chance, Logic And Intuition: An Introduction To The Counter-intuitive Logic Of Chance by : Steven Tijms

Download or read book Chance, Logic And Intuition: An Introduction To The Counter-intuitive Logic Of Chance written by Steven Tijms and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-02-18 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chance rules our daily lives in many different ways. From the outcomes of the lottery to the outcomes of medical tests, from the basketball court to the court of law. The ways of chance are capricious. Bizarre things happen all the time. Nevertheless, chance has a logic of its own. It obeys the rules of probability. But if you open a standard book on probability, you may very well feel far removed from everyday life. Abstract formulas and mathematical symbols stare back at you with almost every turn of the page.This book introduces you to the logic of chance without the use of mathematical formulas or symbols. In Part One, you will meet the fascinating pioneers of the mathematics of probability, including Galileo Galilei and Blaise Pascal. Their stories will introduce you, step by step, to the basics of probability. In Part Two, various examples in all areas of daily life will show you how chance defies our expectations time and again. But armed with the basic rules of probability and a good dose of inventiveness, you will be able to unravel the counter-intuitive logic of chance.

Patrick Suppes: Scientific Philosopher

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401107742
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Patrick Suppes: Scientific Philosopher by : P. Humphreys

Download or read book Patrick Suppes: Scientific Philosopher written by P. Humphreys and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patrick Suppes is a philosopher and scientist whose contributions range over probability and statistics, mathematical and experimental psychology, the foundations of physics, education theory, the philosophy of language, measurement theory, and the philosophy of science. He has also been a pioneer in the area of computer assisted instruction. In each of these areas, Suppes has provided seminal ideas that in some cases led to shaping the direction of research in the field. The papers contained in this collection were commissioned with the mandate of advancing research in their respective fields rather than retrospectively surveying the contributions that Suppes himself has made. The authors form an interesting mixture of researchers in both formal philosophy of science and science itself all of whom have been inspired by his ideas. To maintain the spirit of constructive dialogue that characterizes Suppes's intellectual style, he has written individual responses to each article. In Volume 1: Probability and Probabilistic Causality, nineteen distinguished philosophers and scientists focus their attention on probabilistic issues. In Part I the contributors explore axiomatic representations of probability theory including qualitative and interval valued probabilities as well as traditional point valued probabilities. Belief structures and the dynamics of belief are also treated in detail. In Part II the rapidly growing field of probabilistic causation is assessed from both formal and empirical viewpoints. For probability theorists, statisticians, economists, philosophers of science, psychologists and those interested in the foundations of mathematical social science. In Volume 2: Philosophy of Physics, Theory Structure, and Measurement Theory, fifteen distinguished philosophers and scientists cover a wide variety of topics. Part III covers issues in quantum theory, geometry, classical mechanics, and computational physics. Part IV explores Suppes's well known set-theoretic account of scientific theories which has served him well throughout his career. Suppes's contributions to measurement theory have been widely used in mathematical psychology and elsewhere, and this material is the subject of Part V. For physicists, logicians, workers in mathematical social sicence, and philosophers of science. In Volume 3: Philosophy of Language and Logic, Learning and Action Theory, fourteen distinguished philosophers and scientists explore issues in the philosophy of language, logic, and philosophical psychology. Suppes's suggestions that quantum theory requires a rethinking of classical logic form a particularly sharp account of that controversial thesis, and Part VI deals with this issue together with topics in the philosophy of language and logic, including relational grammars and anaphora. Part VII deals with issues in psychology, action theory, and robotics, while Part VIII concludes with a general survey of Suppes's views in the philosophy of science. A comprehensive chronological and topical bibliography of Suppes's writings is included in this volume. For philosophers of language, theoretical linguists, logicians, workers in mathematical social sciences, and philosophers of science.

Quantum Chance

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319054732
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantum Chance by : Nicolas Gisin

Download or read book Quantum Chance written by Nicolas Gisin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-17 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum physics, which offers an explanation of the world on the smallest scale, has fundamental implications that pose a serious challenge to ordinary logic. Particularly counterintuitive is the notion of entanglement, which has been explored for the past 30 years and posits an ubiquitous randomness capable of manifesting itself simultaneously in more than one place. This amazing 'non-locality' is more than just an abstract curiosity or paradox: it has entirely down-to-earth applications in cryptography, serving for example to protect financial information; it also has enabled the demonstration of 'quantum teleportation', whose infinite possibilities even science-fiction writers can scarcely imagine. This delightful and concise exposition does not avoid the deep logical difficulties of quantum physics, but gives the reader the insights needed to appreciate them. From 'Bell's Theorem' to experiments in quantum entanglement, the reader will gain a solid understanding of one of the most fascinating areas of contemporary physics.

Causality and Chance in Modern Physics

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)

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Book Synopsis Causality and Chance in Modern Physics by : David Bohm

Download or read book Causality and Chance in Modern Physics written by David Bohm and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: