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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (931 download)
Download or read book Cavity Enhanced Spectroscopy Methods for Measurement of Optical Properties of Aerosol Particles written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Abdur Rasheed
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (752 download)
Download or read book Laboratory Studies of the Optical Properties of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles Using Cavity-enhanced Aerosol Extinction Spectroscopy (CE-AES) written by Abdur Rasheed and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ruth Signorell
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 142008562X
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Fundamentals and Applications in Aerosol Spectroscopy written by Ruth Signorell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-12-20 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Helping you better understand the processes, instruments, and methods of aerosol spectroscopy, Fundamentals and Applications in Aerosol Spectroscopy provides an overview of the state of the art in this rapidly developing field. It covers fundamental aspects of aerosol spectroscopy, applications to atmospherically and astronomically relevant problem
Author : Alison Bain
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)
Download or read book The Refractive Index of Single Aerosol Particles written by Alison Bain and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Aerosol is ubiquitous in our atmosphere, yet still poses great uncertainty to climate models. Central to accurate predictions of aerosol radiative forcing is an accurate description of the scattering and absorption of solar radiation by aerosol, which can be described by the complex refractive index (RI). The RI of aerosol depends on the wavelength of incident light and the temperature as well as its chemical composition. In the atmosphere, aerosol may contain a number of different organic and inorganic components. Furthermore, as aerosol is transported though the atmosphere and encounters air of varying relative humidity its water content will change to remain at equilibrium with its surroundings. All of these factors must be taken into consideration in order to accurately determine the RI of atmospheric aerosol.The RI of single, optically trapped particles can be determined through the collection and fitting of Mie scattered light. By monitoring optically trapped particles it is possible to mimic atmospheric conditions. Importantly for investigating the RI of aerosol, single particle experiments allow for the characterization of supersaturated states not accessible through bulk measurements. Throughout this thesis, the refractive indices of various aerosol types are determined using optical trapping methods.First, in order to find the most accurate method of determining the RI of aerosol, retrieval using the morphology-dependent resonances (MDRs) in the Mie scattering spectrum is compared to phase function fitting. Using the MDRs is found to be more accurate and less computationally demanding than phase function fitting. MDRs and the Mie scattering spectrum are then used throughout the rest of this thesis to determine the optical properties of aerosol.Next, the optical properties of absorbing particles are investigated. Single, absorbing particles are held in a photophoretic trap, illuminated with a broadband light source and the broadband Mie scattering spectrum is collected. Here, the full Mie scattering spectrum is fit using Lorentzian oscillators to describe the absorption features observed as scattering minima in the spectra. Using the causal relationship between the real and imaginary parts of the RI described by the Kramers-Kronig relation, the wavelength-dependent complex RI is determined for these particles.The complex RI of weakly absorbing particles is then considered. Using cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, while slowly heating the particle by increasing the trapping beam power, both the real and imaginary parts of the RI of several aqueous solutions whose optical properties are relevant to aqueous sea-salt particles and aqueous organic aerosol are measured. The far-UV transitions that give rise to the RI in the visible region for weak absorbers is modeled with an effective Lorentzian oscillator. The effective oscillator model accurately describes both the real and imaginary parts of the RI of aqueous solutions across a wide range of water activities and optical wavelengths. It is shown that mixing rule calculations utilizing oscillator parameters from solutions containing a single solute and water can be used to predict the optical properties of aqueous solutions containing multiple solutes.Finally, this model is extended to consider the contributions of individual ions to theRI of aerosol. Since the absorption of weakly absorbing aerosol is small and is often neglected, broadband scattering is utilized to determine only the real part of the refractiveindex. The oscillator parameters determined for ions accurately predict the RI as a function of both water content and wavelength for aqueous salts and strong acids.Furthermore, the RI of ternary organic-inorganic mixtures using these oscillatorparameters agree with experimentally determined refractive indices. In addition, the effectof temperature on RI within the framework of the effective oscillator modelis also explored"--
Author : Giel Berden
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9781444308242
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (82 download)
Download or read book Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy written by Giel Berden and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-08-11 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy: Techniques and Applications provides a practical overview of this valuable analytical tool, explaining the fundamental concepts and experimental methods, and illustrating important applications. Designed as both an introductory text and a reference source, this book is relevant for scientists unfamiliar with CRDS who are interested in using the technique in their research, as well as experienced users.
Author : Kerry J. Knox
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642163483
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)
Download or read book Light-Induced Processes in Optically-Tweezed Aerosol Droplets written by Kerry J. Knox and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-27 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosols play a critical role in a broad range of scientific disciplines, such as atmospheric chemistry and physics, combustion science, drug delivery and human health. This thesis explores the fundamentals of a new technique for capturing single or multiple particles using light, and for characterising these particles by Raman or fluorescence spectroscopy. The outcome of this research represents a significant development in optical manipulation techniques, specifically in optical tweezing. These findings can be applied to studies of the mass accommodation of gas-phase water molecules adsorbing onto a water surface. Not only is this a fundamental process of interest to physical chemists, but it is important for understanding the role of aerosol particles in the atmosphere, including their ability to become cloud droplets. This new strategy for investigating aerosol dynamics is fundamental in helping us understand the indirect effect of aerosols on the climate.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Investigation of Aerosol Optical and Chemical Properties Using Humidity Controlled Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists have been observing a change in the climate since the beginning of the 20th century that cannot be attributed to any of the natural influences of the past. Natural and anthropogenic substances and processes perturb the Earth's energy budget, contributing to climate change. In particular, aerosols (particles suspended in air) have long been recognized to be important in processes throughout the atmosphere that affect climate. They directly influence the radiative balance of the Earth's atmosphere, affect cloud formation and properties, and are also key air pollutants that contribute to a variety of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Despite their importance, aerosol particles are less well-characterized than greenhouse gases with respect to their sources, temporal and spatial concentration distribution, and physical and chemical properties. This uncertainty is mainly caused by the variable and insufficiently understood sources, formation and transformation processes, and complex composition of atmospheric particles. Instruments that can precisely and accurately measure and characterize the aerosol physical and chemical properties are in great demand. Atmospheric relative humidity (RH) has a crucial impact on the particles' optical properties; the RH dependence of the particle extinction coefficient is an important parameter for radiative forcing and thus climate change modeling. In this work a Humidity-Controlled Cavity Ring-Down (HC-CRD) aerosol optical instrument is described and its ability to measure RH dependent extinction coefficients and related hygroscopicity parameters is characterized.
Author : Weidong Chen
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128156899
Total Pages : 634 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Advances in Spectroscopic Monitoring of the Atmosphere written by Weidong Chen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Spectroscopic Monitoring of the Atmosphere provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge technologies and monitoring applications. Concepts are illustrated by numerous examples with information on spectroscopic techniques and applications widely distributed throughout the text. This information is important for researchers to gain an overview of recent developments in the field and make informed selections among the most suitable techniques. This volume also provides information that will allow researchers to explore implementing and developing new diagnostic tools or new approaches for trace gas and aerosol sensing themselves. Advances in Spectroscopic Monitoring of the Atmosphere covers advanced and newly emerging spectroscopic techniques for optical metrology of gases and particles in the atmosphere. This book will be a valuable reference for atmospheric scientists, including those whose focus is applying the methods to atmospheric studies, and those who develop instrumentation. It will also serve as a useful introduction to researchers entering the field and provide relevant examples to researchers and students developing and applying optical sensors for a variety of other scientific, technical, and industrial uses. - Overview of new applications including remote sensing by UAV, laser heterodyne radiometry, dual comb spectroscopy, and more - Features in-situ observations and measurements for real-world data - Includes content on leading edge optical sensors
Author : Manfred Wendisch
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527653236
Total Pages : 659 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)
Download or read book Airborne Measurements for Environmental Research written by Manfred Wendisch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-22 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first comprehensive review of airborne measurement principles covers all atmospheric components and surface parameters. It describes the common techniques to characterize aerosol particles and cloud/precipitation elements, while also explaining radiation quantities and pertinent hyperspectral and active remote sensing measurement techniques along the way. As a result, the major principles of operation are introduced and exemplified using specific instruments, treating both classic and emerging measurement techniques. The two editors head an international community of eminent scientists, all of them accepted and experienced specialists in their field, who help readers to understand specific problems related to airborne research, such as immanent uncertainties and limitations. They also provide guidance on the suitability of instruments to measure certain parameters and to select the correct type of device. While primarily intended for climate, geophysical and atmospheric researchers, its relevance to solar system objects makes this work equally appealing to astronomers studying atmospheres of solar system bodies with telescopes and space probes.
Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 1501519379
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry written by and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-04-19 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric aerosols are an important and a highly complex component of the Earth’s atmosphere that alter the radiative forcing and the chemical composition of the gas phase. These effects have impacts on local air quality and the global climate. Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry outlines research findings to date in aerosol chemistry and advances in analytical tools used in laboratory studies for studying their surface and bulk reactivity.
Author : Gianluca Gagliardi
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642400035
Total Pages : 537 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (424 download)
Download or read book Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopy and Sensing written by Gianluca Gagliardi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-19 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book reviews the dramatic recent advances in the use of optical resonators for high sensitivity and high resolution molecular spectroscopy as well as for chemical, mechanical and physical sensing. It encompasses a variety of cavities including those made of two or more mirrors, optical fiber loops, fiber gratings and spherical cavities. The book focuses on novel techniques and their applications. Each chapter is written by an expert and/or pioneer in the field. These experts also provide the theoretical background in optics and molecular physics where needed. Examples of recent breakthroughs include the use of frequency combs (Nobel prize 2005) for cavity enhanced sensing and spectroscopy, the use of novel cavity materials and geometries, the development of optical heterodyne detection techniques combined to active frequency-locking schemes. These methods allow the use and interrogation of optical resonators with a variety of coherent light sources for trace gas detection and sensing of strain, temperature and pressure.
Author : Roger van Zee
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 9780124759879
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (598 download)
Download or read book Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopies written by Roger van Zee and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopy" discusses the use of optical resonators and lasers to make sensitive spectroscopic measurements. This volume is written by the researcchers who pioneered these methods. The book reviews both the theory and practice behind these spectroscopic tools and discusses the scientific discoveries uncovered by these techniques. It begins with a chapter on the use of optical resonators for frequency stabilization of lasers, which is followed by in-depth chapters discussing cavity ring-down spectroscopy, frequency-modulated, cavity-enhanced spectroscopy, intracavity spectroscopies, microresonators and cavity-enhanced comb filters. This book is aimed towards a reader with a background in optics and spectroscopy, but who is unfamiliar with the methods discussed in the book. *Practical implementation information Comprehensive review of cavity-enhanced methods *Written by the researchers who pioneered these spectroscopies *Discusses cavity-enhanced optical instrumentation Reviews scientific discoveries unearthed using these methods
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Physics written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 704 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jennifer A. Faust
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128136421
Total Pages : 492 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Physical Chemistry of Gas-Liquid Interfaces written by Jennifer A. Faust and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical Chemistry of Gas-Liquid Interfaces, the first volume in the Developments in Physical & Theoretical Chemistry series, addresses the physical chemistry of gas transport and reactions across liquid surfaces. Gas–liquid interfaces are all around us, especially within atmospheric systems such as sea spry aerosols, cloud droplets, and the surface of the ocean. Because the reaction environment at liquid surfaces is completely unlike bulk gas or bulk liquid, chemists must readjust their conceptual framework when entering this field. This book provides the necessary background in thermodynamics and computational and experimental techniques for scientists to obtain a thorough understanding of the physical chemistry of liquid surfaces in complex, real-world environments. - 2019 PROSE Awards - Winner: Category: Chemistry and Physics: Association of American Publishers - Provides an interdisciplinary view of the chemical dynamics of liquid surfaces, making the content of specific use to physical chemists and atmospheric scientists - Features 100 figures and illustrations to underscore key concepts and aid in retention for young scientists in industry and graduate students in the classroom - Helps scientists who are transitioning to this field by offering the appropriate thermodynamic background and surveying the current state of research
Author : Laura E. Mack
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy and the Retrieval of Aerosol Optical Properties from Biomass Burning During Flame2 written by Laura E. Mack and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jedol Dayou
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9812871012
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (128 download)
Download or read book Ground-Based Aerosol Optical Depth Measurement Using Sunphotometers written by Jedol Dayou and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a detailed review on ground-based aerosol optical depth measurement with emphasis on the calibration issue. The review is written in chronological sequence to render better comprehension on the evolution of the classical Langley calibration from the past to present. It not only compiles the existing calibration methods but also presents a novel calibration algorithm in Langley sun-photometry over low altitude sites which conventionally is a common practice performed at high observatory stations. The proposed algorithm avoids travelling to high altitudes for frequent calibration that is difficult both in logistics and financial prospects. We addressed the problem by combining clear-sky detection model and statistical filter to strictly imitate the ideal clear-sky condition at high altitude for measurements taken over low altitudes. In this way, the possible temporal atmospheric drifts, abundant aerosol loadings and short time interval cloud transits are properly constrained. We believe that this finding has an integral part of practicality and versatility in ground-based aerosol optical depth measurement, which is nowadays an important climate agent in many atmospheric studies. Finally, the outcome of this book introduces a new calibration technique for the study and measurement of aerosol monitoring with emphasis on aerosol optical depth that we believe could be very beneficial to researchers and scientists in the similar area.
