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Cancer Associated Fibroblasts Provide A Cancer Stem Cell Niche That Leads To Disease Relapse In Ovarian Cancer
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Book Synopsis Cancer Associated Fibroblasts Provide a Cancer Stem Cell Niche that Leads to Disease Relapse in Ovarian Cancer by : Yiming Fang (Biochemist)
Download or read book Cancer Associated Fibroblasts Provide a Cancer Stem Cell Niche that Leads to Disease Relapse in Ovarian Cancer written by Yiming Fang (Biochemist) and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of only 48%. While most ovarian cancer patients respond to chemotherapy initially, frequent relapse (~80%) and development of chemoresistance result in poor patient outcomes. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) consist of a small subpopulation in the tumor that are capable of surviving from chemotherapy and causing tumor relapse. Using patient specimens and in vitro models, we determined that CSCs are enriched by cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) after chemotherapy. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major constituent of the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment and are highly enriched in the residual tumors following chemotherapy. Therefore, we studied the mechanism by which CAFs promote ovarian cancer chemoresistance and disease relapse. CAFs isolated from ovarian cancer patient tumors were used in heterotypic 2D or 3D coculture systems with high-grade serous ovarian cancer cell lines or with patient-derived ovarian cancer cells to study their effect on CSCs and chemoresistance. Matched pre-and post-chemotherapy patient tumors were used to confirm our findings. CAFs significantly increased adjacent cancer cell resistance to carboplatin by enriching CSCs. Pre-coculture with CAFs increased in vivo tumor initiation capacity of the ovarian cancer cells by 10-fold in limiting dilution assay analysis (ELDA) in mice. The CSC-CAF crosstalk responsible for CSC induction was found to be mediated by Wnt5a signaling. CRISPR knockdown of Wnt5a in CAFs or treatment with a specific Wnt5a inhibitor abrogated the induction of CSCs by CAFs. Only cancer cells with ROR2, a Wnt coreceptor, respond to Wnt5a signaling triggered by CAFs and developed into CSCs. Responders were found to signal through a non-canonical Wnt pathway involving the coreceptor ROR2, protein kinase C (PKC), and cAMP Responsive Element Binding Protein 1 (CREB1). Inhibition of each of them prevented CSC induction and functional rescue experiments were performed to confirm the sequence of the Wnt5a-ROR2-PKC-CREB1 axis. Treatment of mouse xenografts, established by co-injection of CAFs and ovarian cancer cells, with the Wnt5a inhibitor sensitized them to carboplatin, and eliminated the CSCs in the residual tumors. Our results indicate that CAF-derived Wnt5a is instrumental in ovarian cancer CSC growth and maintenance. Targeting Wnt5a in tumor effectively prevents tumor relapse after cytotoxic chemotherapy by destroying suitable CSC-enriching microenvironment. In the long term, our studies will broaden the understanding of the mechanism of CSC maintenance by the tumor microenvironment and contribute towards the development of novel therapeutic approaches to prevent ovarian cancer chemoresistance and relapse.
Book Synopsis The Cancer Stem Cell Niche by : Susie Nilsson
Download or read book The Cancer Stem Cell Niche written by Susie Nilsson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-09 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cancer Stem Cell Niche, Volume Five in the Advances in Stem Cells and their Niches series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics, including Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the bone marrow microenvironment, Stem cell niches in bone and their roles in cancer metastasis, The role of vasculature in cancer stem cell niches, The lung cancer stem cell niche, The prostate cancer stem cell niche: Genetic drivers and therapeutic approaches, Impact of prostate cancer stem cell niches on prostate cancer tumorigenesis and progression, The testicular cancer stem cell niche. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Advances in Stem Cells and their Niches series Includes the latest information on the Cancer Stem Cell Niche
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309380499 Total Pages :397 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis Ovarian Cancers by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Ovarian Cancers written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-04-25 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an era of promising advances in cancer research, there are considerable and even alarming gaps in the fundamental knowledge and understanding of ovarian cancer. Researchers now know that ovarian cancer is not a single disease-several distinct subtypes exist with different origins, risk factors, genetic mutations, biological behaviors, and prognoses. However, persistent questions have impeded progress toward improving the prevention, early detection, treatment, and management of ovarian cancers. Failure to significantly improve morbidity and mortality during the past several decades is likely due to several factors, including the lack of research being performed by specific disease subtype, lack of definitive knowledge of the cell of origin and disease progression, and incomplete understanding of genetic and non-genetic risk factors. Ovarian Cancers examines the state of the science in ovarian cancer research, identifies key gaps in the evidence base and the challenges to addressing those gaps, considers opportunities for advancing ovarian cancer research, and examines avenues for translation and dissemination of new findings and communication of new information to patients and others. This study makes recommendations for public- and private-sector efforts that could facilitate progress in reducing the incidence of morbidity and mortality from ovarian cancers.
Book Synopsis Stem Cells – From Hype to Real Hope by : Khawaja Husnain Haider
Download or read book Stem Cells – From Hype to Real Hope written by Khawaja Husnain Haider and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of the bench experience of leading experts from various research labs involved in the cutting edge area of research. The authors describe the use of stem cells both as part of the combinatorial therapeutic intervention approach and as tools (disease model) during drug development, highlighting the shift from a conventional symptomatic treatment strategy to addressing the root cause of the disease process. The book is a continuum of the previously published book entitled "Stem Cells: from Drug to Drug Discovery" which was published in 2017.
Author :American Association for Cancer Research Publisher :Coe Truman International, LLC ISBN 13 :0463372727 Total Pages :3012 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (633 download)
Book Synopsis AACR 2019 Proceedings: Abstracts 2749-5314 by : American Association for Cancer Research
Download or read book AACR 2019 Proceedings: Abstracts 2749-5314 written by American Association for Cancer Research and published by Coe Truman International, LLC. This book was released on 2019-03-08 with total page 3012 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American Association for Cancer Research 2019 Proceedings: Abstracts 2749-5314 - Part B
Book Synopsis The Fourth Right of Citizenship by : National Consumer Council
Download or read book The Fourth Right of Citizenship written by National Consumer Council and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ovarian Cancer: Molecular & Diagnostic Imaging and Treatment Strategies by : Heide Schatten
Download or read book Ovarian Cancer: Molecular & Diagnostic Imaging and Treatment Strategies written by Heide Schatten and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-02 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book on Molecular & Diagnostic Imaging and Treatment Strategies of ovarian cancer is one of two companion books with the second one being focused on Cell and Molecular Biology of Ovarian Cancer. Both books include new exciting aspects of ovarian cancer research with chapters written by experts in their respective fields who contributed their unique expertise in specific ovarian cancer research areas and include cell and molecular details that are important for the specific subtopics. Comprehensive and concise reviews are included of key topics in the field.
Book Synopsis Mitochondria as Targets for Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention and Therapy by : Dhyan Chandra
Download or read book Mitochondria as Targets for Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention and Therapy written by Dhyan Chandra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the importance of phytochemicals and mitochondria in cancer prevention and therapy. Recent scientific discoveries have identified that naturally occurring biologically active compounds (i.e. phytochemicals) target multiple steps of tumorigenesis leading to the inhibition or delay in cancer progression. Mitochondria, organelles within a cell, are a critical target for phytochemicals in regulating the initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. The book is divided into three parts to better communicate the important findings related to phytochemicals and mitochondria in cancer research. The first part describes updates on environmental and genetic factors causing cancer initiation and progression, the role of mitochondria function in regulating the process of tumorigenesis, and the role of mitochondria in regulating cell death such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis. The second part focuses on the elucidation of key target proteins that could be exploited for cancer prevention, an the role of phytochemicals in cancer prevention, updates on basic research related to phytochemicals action critical for cancer prevention, and updates on translational knowledge on cancer prevention by phytochemicals. The third part provides updates on phytochemicals targeting mitochondria for cancer therapy, an overview of action of phytochemicals on cancer stem cells, updates on the role of microRNA in phytochemicals-based therapy of cancer, and updates on phytochemicals-based translation research on therapy for metastatic cancer.
Book Synopsis Gynaecological Cancers Risk by : Ranjit Manchanda
Download or read book Gynaecological Cancers Risk written by Ranjit Manchanda and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2022-01-25 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Agency for Research on Cancer suggests that the burden of women's cancers including breast, ovarian, and womb will rise by 50% over the next 20 years. It is essential for us to improve early diagnosis and prevention of these cancers in our health systems. The last decade has seen significant strides in our ability to understand and predict a woman's risk of these cancers and offer personalized medicine approaches for risk management. There have been improvements in identifying individuals at increased risk, as well as implementing and evaluating strategies for screening and prevention. In this special collection, we bring together 16 articles from leading scientists and researchers. These capture some of the important advances observed in estimating cancer risk, providing genetic testing, offering risk management to those at increased risk, as well as screening and prevention of breast, ovarian, and womb cancers in women. This makes an important contribution to the rapidly advancing knowledge base across the area of personalized medicine and precision prevention of ovarian, endometrial, and breast cancers.
Book Synopsis Apoptosis in Cancer Pathogenesis and Anti-cancer Therapy by : Christopher D. Gregory
Download or read book Apoptosis in Cancer Pathogenesis and Anti-cancer Therapy written by Christopher D. Gregory and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses properties of apoptosis and other cell death modalities in cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Its nine chapters discuss modulation of anti-tumor inflammatory and immune responses, effects on the tumor microenvironment, to strategies for improving pro-apoptotic therapies, mechanisms and implications for disease pathogenesis, axl and mer receptor tyrosine kinases, immunogenic apoptotic cell death and anti-cancer immunity and cancer cell death-inducing radiotherapy. This book places the onco-biology of apoptosis in clear and objective perspective through an expertly synthesized series of reviews. Apoptosis in Cancer Pathogenesis and Anti-cancer Therapy is a deft and thorough exploration of cutting-edge research in apoptosis and anti-cancer mechanisms from basic biology to oncology. It highlights a rapidly growing field within cancer research and is essential reading for oncologists, biochemists and advanced graduate students alike.
Book Synopsis Anticancer Drug Development by : Bruce C. Baguley
Download or read book Anticancer Drug Development written by Bruce C. Baguley and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-11-17 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here in a single source is a complete spectrum of ideas on the development of new anticancer drugs. Containing concise reviews of multidisciplinary fields of research, this book offers a wealth of ideas on current and future molecular targets for drug design, including signal transduction, the cell division cycle, and programmed cell death. Detailed descriptions of sources for new drugs and methods for testing and clinical trial design are also provided. One work that can be consulted for all aspects of anticancer drug development Concise reviews of research fields, combined with practical scientific detail, written by internationally respected experts A wealth of ideas on current and future molecular targets for drug design, including signal transduction, the cell division cycle, and programmed cell death Detailed descriptions of the sources of new anticancer drugs, including combinatorial chemistry, phage display, and natural products Discussion of how new drugs can be tested in preclinical systems, including the latest technology of robotic assay systems, cell culture, and experimental animal techniques Hundreds of references that allow the reader to access relevant scientific and medical literature Clear illustrations, some in color, that provide both understanding of the field and material for teaching
Download or read book Stem Cells written by Ariff Bongso and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cell biology has drawn tremendous interest in recent years as it promises cures for a variety of incurable diseases. This book deals with the basic and clinical aspects of stem cell research and involves work on the full spectrum of stem cells isolated today. It also covers the conversion of stem cell types into a variety of useful tissues which may be used in the future for transplantation therapy. It is thus aimed at undergraduates, postgraduates, scientists, embryologists, doctors, tissue engineers and anyone who wishes to gain some insight into stem cell biology. This book is important as it is comprehensive and covers all aspects of stem cell biology, from basic research to clinical applications. It will have 33 chapters written by renowned stem cell scientists worldwide. It will be up-to-date and all the chapters include self-explanatory figures, color photographs, graphics and tables. It will be easy to read and give the reader a complete understanding and state of the art of the exciting science and its applications.
Author :Constantinos Koumenis Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :146145915X Total Pages :293 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (614 download)
Book Synopsis Tumor Microenvironment and Cellular Stress by : Constantinos Koumenis
Download or read book Tumor Microenvironment and Cellular Stress written by Constantinos Koumenis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-23 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The collection of chapters in this proceeding volume reflects the latest research presented at the Aegean meeting on Tumor Microenvironment and Cellular Stress held in Crete in Fall of 2012. The book provides critical insight to how the tumor microenvironment affects tumor metabolism, cell stemness, cell viability, genomic instability and more. Additional topics include identifying common pathways that are potential candidates for therapeutic intervention, which will stimulate collaboration between groups that are more focused on elucidation of biochemical aspects of stress biology and groups that study the pathophysiological aspects of stress pathways or engaged in drug discovery.
Download or read book Tumor Organoids written by Shay Soker and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer cell biology research in general, and anti-cancer drug development specifically, still relies on standard cell culture techniques that place the cells in an unnatural environment. As a consequence, growing tumor cells in plastic dishes places a selective pressure that substantially alters their original molecular and phenotypic properties.The emerging field of regenerative medicine has developed bioengineered tissue platforms that can better mimic the structure and cellular heterogeneity of in vivo tissue, and are suitable for tumor bioengineering research. Microengineering technologies have resulted in advanced methods for creating and culturing 3-D human tissue. By encapsulating the respective cell type or combining several cell types to form tissues, these model organs can be viable for longer periods of time and are cultured to develop functional properties similar to native tissues. This approach recapitulates the dynamic role of cell–cell, cell–ECM, and mechanical interactions inside the tumor. Further incorporation of cells representative of the tumor stroma, such as endothelial cells (EC) and tumor fibroblasts, can mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment. Collectively, bioengineered tumors create an important resource for the in vitro study of tumor growth in 3D including tumor biomechanics and the effects of anti-cancer drugs on 3D tumor tissue. These technologies have the potential to overcome current limitations to genetic and histological tumor classification and development of personalized therapies.
Book Synopsis Ovarian Cancer Immunotherapy by : Samir A. Farghaly
Download or read book Ovarian Cancer Immunotherapy written by Samir A. Farghaly and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-31 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ovarian Cancer Immunotherapy provides a broad overview of several aspects of basic sciences, and clinical and therapeutic aspects of immunotherapy for ovarian cancer, as well as state-of-the-art information on molecular genetics and biology. Chapters are written by a team of expert contributors from around the world and explore topics such as antibody therapeutics for ovarian carcinoma, emerging serum biomarkers, ovarian cancer immunity, adoptive cell immunotherapy, the biology of dendritic cells, the role of growth factors, and more. Readers will also gain a better understanding of the molecular and cellular events that underlie ovarian cancer immunology. This book is an ideal resource for clinicians, basic medical scientists, graduate basic medical science students, and medical students caring for patients with ovarian cancer, including attending surgeons and physicians, and clinical fellows and residents in the disciplines of gynecologic oncology, medical oncology, and surgical oncology.
Book Synopsis The Tumor Microenvironment of High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer by : Kenneth P. Nephew
Download or read book The Tumor Microenvironment of High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer written by Kenneth P. Nephew and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Special Issue on high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and the contribution of the tumor microenviroment (TME) consists of reviews contributed by leaders in the OC field. As HGSOC metastases have a highly complex TME, there is an urgent need to better understand the TME in general, its distinct components in particular, and the role of the TME in the context of disease recurrence and development of chemoresistance. The Special Issue incorporates the current understanding of the different parts of thd TME components, including the cancer cells themselves, the cells surrounding the cancer cells or stromal cells, and the cells of the immune system, which are attracted to the site of metastases. In addition to these cells of the TME, the role of various cellular factors made by the cells of the TME are also the subject of the reviews. In addition, reviews in this Special Issue cover the complex relationships between the molecular mechanisms of HGSOC progression, including genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic changes and changes in the immune cell landscape, as these may provide attractive new molecular targets for HGSOC therapy.
Book Synopsis Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy by : Neil J. Clendeninn
Download or read book Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy written by Neil J. Clendeninn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-09-17 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cutting-edge investigators review the current status of the entire field, from the biology of MMPs through the current clinical studies. The authors include many leading scientists from pharmaceutical companies who present all the latest concepts and results on the preferred design strategies for MMP inhibitors, their molecular mechanisms, and their substrates. In addition, they fully describe their personal research on specific MMP inhibitors, detailing vanguard design strategies, their in vitro activity, the outcome of animal model studies and, where available, their toxicology, safety, efficacy in human clinical trials. Comprehensive and state-of-the-art, Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy offers basic and clinical investigators alike a richly informative summary of all the latest research on these powerful new drugs, and their high promise as emerging cancer therapeutics.
