Busting Myths about Nuclear Deterrence - America Does Not Use Nuclear Weapons, Nuclear Weapons Have Only Limited Utility for Their Cost, Nukes Are Going Away, U. S. Can Deter with Submarines Alone

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781521134658
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (346 download)

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Book Synopsis Busting Myths about Nuclear Deterrence - America Does Not Use Nuclear Weapons, Nuclear Weapons Have Only Limited Utility for Their Cost, Nukes Are Going Away, U. S. Can Deter with Submarines Alone by : U. S. Military

Download or read book Busting Myths about Nuclear Deterrence - America Does Not Use Nuclear Weapons, Nuclear Weapons Have Only Limited Utility for Their Cost, Nukes Are Going Away, U. S. Can Deter with Submarines Alone written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-04-23 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique study analyzes four myths about American nuclear weapons and the nuclear deterrence they provide. America is embarked on a quest for a world without nuclear weapons, but we live in a world not yet safe from war and threats of war. Hence, as long as nuclear weapons exist, the United States must maintain a safe, secure, and effective arsenal--both to deter potential adversaries and to assure US allies and other security partners that they can count on US security commitments. Our nuclear posture communicates to potential nuclear-armed adversaries that they cannot use nuclear threats to intimidate the United States, its allies, or partners or escalate their way out of failed conventional aggression. The United States Air Force (USAF) will continue to maintain its responsibilities as steward of two of the nation's three legs of the strategic nuclear triad and the nation's associated nuclear command, control, and communications infrastructure.Since the Cold War, three states (India, Pakistan, and North Korea) have developed nuclear-weapon capabilities, while Iran remains on course to do so. Moreover, ongoing nuclear modernization programs in China and Russia point to the continued importance of nuclear deterrence and assurance for our allies and partners. Some countries now have military doctrines that include potential first use of nuclear weapons in a militarized crisis, and these countries regularly exercise those doctrines. These threats require the United States to seriously consider its responsibility to educate and advocate for the commitment and investment needed to sustain nuclear deterrence capabilities in a dangerous world.

U.S. Nuclear Deterrence Policy: Do We Have It Right? Assessing American Nuclear Policy Based on Feasibility, Acceptability, and Suitability, Counterpo

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Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781795288156
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (881 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Nuclear Deterrence Policy: Do We Have It Right? Assessing American Nuclear Policy Based on Feasibility, Acceptability, and Suitability, Counterpo by : U. S. Military

Download or read book U.S. Nuclear Deterrence Policy: Do We Have It Right? Assessing American Nuclear Policy Based on Feasibility, Acceptability, and Suitability, Counterpo written by U. S. Military and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-01-27 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cold War is over and the Soviet Union is gone. Africa, the South Pacific, and Latin America are nuclear weapon free zones. China is a most favored trading partner. The United States and Russia have dismantled hundreds of nuclear weapons and decommissioned scores of bombers and submarines. There is a myriad of international treaties designed to create a world without threat of nuclear holocaust. So why do states and other actors continue to seek nuclear weapons? Iran is in the media with its thinly veiled efforts to establish itself as a nuclear power. On 6 September 2007, Israel bombed a facility in Syria they believed to be a nuclear threat. North Korea is fattening its international bargaining power with its nuclear program. Pakistan, a nation teetering on the edge of political upheaval, has nuclear missiles. Transnational terrorist organizations relish the thought of acquiring an atomic device. Today's nuclear world is not the one our parent's knew. The purpose of this paper is to assess U.S. nuclear deterrence policy to see how it has evolved and if it is appropriate for today's changed security environment.During the Cold War the United States built an immense nuclear arsenal to deter nuclear war with the Soviet Union; a clear and valid raison d'etre. The Cold War is over; has been over for more than 10 years. The Soviet Union is gone. Our Armed Forces got a medal for it. Africa, the South Pacific, Outer Space, and Latin America are nuclear weapons free zones. Today, we have the Limited Test Ban Treaty, the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, an Outer Space Treaty, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), three Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties, the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, two Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties, and the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) treaty. The convergent thesis of these and other international agreements is a movement to remove nuclear arsenals from the options list of nation-states. The cornerstone of the movement to create a nuclear weapons free world is the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The NPT is a universally recognized agreement among 136 nuclear and non-nuclear nations to prevent the expansion of nuclear weapons to non-nuclear states. The days of living under the cloud of "Mutual Assured Destruction" have passed. So what is the purpose of retaining nuclear weapons in this new environment? Why are we investing tax dollars in new nuclear technology and upgrading our weapons stockpile? Where is the peace dividend?

The Second Nuclear Age

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Author :
Publisher : Lynne Rienner Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781555873318
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (733 download)

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Book Synopsis The Second Nuclear Age by : Colin S. Gray

Download or read book The Second Nuclear Age written by Colin S. Gray and published by Lynne Rienner Publishers. This book was released on 1999 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author takes issue with the complacent belief that a happy mixture of deterrence, arms control and luck will enable humanity to cope adequately with weapons of mass destruction, arguing that the risks are ever more serious.

Rethinking the Role of Nuclear Weapons

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Rethinking the Role of Nuclear Weapons by : David C. Gompert

Download or read book Rethinking the Role of Nuclear Weapons written by David C. Gompert and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the new era, the United States need not rely on nuclear weapons to prevent a global challenger from upsetting the status quo, to compensate for weakness in conventional defense, or to impress others with its power. Although the threat of nuclear response to conventional attack is no longer crucial to U.S. strategy, rogue states might adopt this tactic to deter U.S. power projection. However, the United States needs nuclear weapons to deter nuclear and biological attack, which could be just as deadly and might not be deterred by threat of U.S. conventional retaliation. The United States could reduce the importance and attractiveness of nuclear weapons, delegitimize their use in response to conventional threats, sharpen nuclear deterrence against biological weapons by stating nuclear weapons would be used only in retaliation for attacks with weapons of mass destruction (WMD)--in essence, a "no-first-use-of-WMD" policy.

Five Myths About Nuclear Weapons

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Author :
Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
ISBN 13 : 0547858175
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (478 download)

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Book Synopsis Five Myths About Nuclear Weapons by : Ward Wilson

Download or read book Five Myths About Nuclear Weapons written by Ward Wilson and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 2013-01-15 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Brilliant, original, and important—the best analysis yet of why nuclear weapons don’t work.” —Richard Rhodes, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of The Making of the Atomic Bomb Nuclear weapons have always been a serious but seemingly insoluble problem: while they’re obviously dangerous, they are also, apparently, necessary. This groundbreaking study shows why five central arguments promoting nuclear weapons are, in essence, myths. It clears up such common misconceptions as . . . • Nuclear weapons necessarily shock and awe opponents, including Japan at the end of World War II • Nuclear deterrence is reliable in a crisis • Destruction wins wars • The bomb has kept the peace for sixty-five years • We can’t put the nuclear genie back in the bottle Drawing on new information and the latest historical research, Wilson poses a fundamental challenge to the myths on which nuclear weapons policy is currently built. Using pragmatic arguments and an unemotional, clear-eyed insistence on the truth, he arrives at a surprising conclusion: nuclear weapons are enormously dangerous, but don’t appear to be terribly useful. In that case, he asks, why would we want to keep them? This book will be widely read and discussed by everyone who cares about war, peace, foreign policy, and security in the twenty-first century. “Magisterial in its sweep, research, and erudition, yet written in a direct, unstuffy style, which makes it an easy read.” —Commander Robert D. Green, Royal Navy (ret.) “This slim, persuasively argued, tightly written book provides much food for thought and could make some readers radically change their perceptions about nuclear weapons.” —Booklist

Nuclear Fallacy

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Fallacy by : Morton H. Halperin

Download or read book Nuclear Fallacy written by Morton H. Halperin and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Getting MAD: Nuclear Mutual Assured Destruction, Its Origins and Practice

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Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428910336
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Getting MAD: Nuclear Mutual Assured Destruction, Its Origins and Practice by :

Download or read book Getting MAD: Nuclear Mutual Assured Destruction, Its Origins and Practice written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly 40 years after the concept of finite deterrence was popularized by the Johnson administration, nuclear Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) thinking appears to be in decline. The United States has rejected the notion that threatening population centers with nuclear attacks is a legitimate way to assure deterrence. Most recently, it withdrew from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, an agreement based on MAD. American opposition to MAD also is reflected in the Bush administration's desire to develop smaller, more accurate nuclear weapons that would reduce the number of innocent civilians killed in a nuclear strike. Still, MAD is influential in a number of ways. First, other countries, like China, have not abandoned the idea that holding their adversaries' cities at risk is necessary to assure their own strategic security. Nor have U.S. and allied security officials and experts fully abandoned the idea. At a minimum, acquiring nuclear weapons is still viewed as being sensible to face off a hostile neighbor that might strike one's own cities. Thus, our diplomats have been warning China that Japan would be under tremendous pressure to go nuclear if North Korea persisted in acquiring a few crude weapons of its own. Similarly, Israeli officials have long argued, without criticism, that they would not be second in acquiring nuclear weapons in the Middle East. Indeed, given that Israelis surrounded by enemies that would not hesitate to destroy its population if they could, Washington finds Israel's retention of a significant nuclear capability totally "understandable."

No Use

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Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812245660
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis No Use by : Thomas M. Nichols

Download or read book No Use written by Thomas M. Nichols and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than forty years, the United States has maintained a public commitment to nuclear disarmament, and every president from Ronald Reagan to Barack Obama has gradually reduced the size of America's nuclear forces. Yet even now, over two decades after the end of the Cold War, the United States maintains a huge nuclear arsenal on high alert and ready for war. The Americans, like the Russians, the Chinese, and other major nuclear powers, continue to retain a deep faith in the political and military value of nuclear force, and this belief remains enshrined at the center of U.S. defense policy regardless of the radical changes that have taken place in international politics. In No Use, national security scholar Thomas M. Nichols offers a lucid, accessible reexamination of the role of nuclear weapons and their prominence in U.S. security strategy. Nichols explains why strategies built for the Cold War have survived into the twenty-first century, and he illustrates how America's nearly unshakable belief in the utility of nuclear arms has hindered U.S. and international attempts to slow the nuclear programs of volatile regimes in North Korea and Iran. From a solid historical foundation, Nichols makes the compelling argument that to end the danger of worldwide nuclear holocaust, the United States must take the lead in abandoning unrealistic threats of nuclear force and then create a new and more stable approach to deterrence for the twenty-first century.

Nuclear Weapons and Coercive Diplomacy

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110710694X
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Weapons and Coercive Diplomacy by : Todd S. Sechser

Download or read book Nuclear Weapons and Coercive Diplomacy written by Todd S. Sechser and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-02 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are nuclear weapons useful for coercive diplomacy? This book argues that they are useful for deterrence but not for offensive purposes.

Is There Future Utility in Nuclear Weapons? Nuclear Weapons Save Lives - Strong Arguments Against Nuclear Disarmament, Historical Case Studies and Potential for Future Threats, Need for Deterrent

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781796476705
Total Pages : 59 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (767 download)

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Book Synopsis Is There Future Utility in Nuclear Weapons? Nuclear Weapons Save Lives - Strong Arguments Against Nuclear Disarmament, Historical Case Studies and Potential for Future Threats, Need for Deterrent by : U. S. Military

Download or read book Is There Future Utility in Nuclear Weapons? Nuclear Weapons Save Lives - Strong Arguments Against Nuclear Disarmament, Historical Case Studies and Potential for Future Threats, Need for Deterrent written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2019-02-09 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This short but powerful report argues strongly against nuclear disarmament. Contents: Is There Future Utility in Nuclear Weapons? Nuclear Weapons Save Lives * 2019 U.S. Intelligence Community Worldwide Threat Assessment.The debate over the future of nuclear weapons has become more prominent each year since the end of the Cold War. The United States leadership is faced with a decision regarding the future of the nuclear weapons program in the face of worldwide proliferation concerns and threats. There are many cogent arguments for disarmament of the nuclear arsenal, specifically focused on cost, international instability and proliferation concerns, the potential for nuclear terrorism, and the credibility of the American deterrent. Those concerns, however, do not overmatch the future requirement of a nuclear deterrent. Nuclear weapons are a cost effective wedge against existential threats facing the United States from Russia and China, as well as a proven deterrent against large-scale great power war, which has been avoided worldwide since the Atomic Age began. The United States must continue to resource the nuclear deterrent and communicate a posture that ensures allies and deters potential adversaries. The threat remains, and the United States must maintain its leadership position to ensure international stability.In the first section, there will be an examination of current arguments in support of nuclear disarmament. There are myriad voices, authors and think tanks pushing an agenda of a global nuclear "zero." Consideration will be given to those who believe nuclear weapons no longer serve a purpose, and who believe the United States should lead the world into nuclear disarmament. Their prevailing arguments will be outlined and analyzed. There are those who argue that nuclear weapons only deter nuclear war. This is the idea that in a world without a nuclear threat, there is no utility for anyone to have nuclear weapons, and the United States should be the world's leader toward disarmament. There are also those who believe nuclear weapons are a cost prohibitive portion of the military arsenal, and that United States' treasure should be spent elsewhere. Third, some believe nuclear weapons create instability in the world, and that nuclear proliferation, particularly among rogue states and/or violent non-state actors, is the greatest threat to US national security in the current day. Effectively, this is the idea that nuclear weapons make the world a more dangerous place. Last, and potentially most important, there are those that support the idea that the American people could never stomach the use of nuclear weapons. It is a credibility argument. Why should the United States have nuclear weapons if it will not use them? With the arguments in support of nuclear disarmament established, an examination in response to each will be offered. The second section of this paper will provide counter arguments to the "views of others" outlined in section one, in turn. First, an analysis of history will examine what the effect of nuclear weapons has been. By reviewing the history of war in the twentieth century, an assessment of the utility of nuclear weapons will be made. Who has nuclear weapons? What has been the effect? Next, there will be a review of the cost of continuing to maintain a nuclear arsenal in relation to large-scale conventional conflict and other American spending. This comparison will shed light on the country's perceived priorities. Third, the idea that nuclear weapons make the world unstable and/or unsafe, leading to greater potential for conflict will be reviewed. There will be a review of historical case studies, potential for future threats and the insinuated effect of nuclear weapons. Last, the argument that the United States will never use nuclear weapons is important.

Challenging Nuclear Abolition - Analysis Contrasting Nuclear Modernization with the Goal of President Obama to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons, Complete List of All U. S. Nuclear Warheads

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781980461494
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Challenging Nuclear Abolition - Analysis Contrasting Nuclear Modernization with the Goal of President Obama to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons, Complete List of All U. S. Nuclear Warheads by : U. S. Air Force (USAF)

Download or read book Challenging Nuclear Abolition - Analysis Contrasting Nuclear Modernization with the Goal of President Obama to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons, Complete List of All U. S. Nuclear Warheads written by U. S. Air Force (USAF) and published by . This book was released on 2018-03-04 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear weapons policy has recently gained national exposure by the fact that the president declared a desire to reduce the number of nuclear weapons with a final goal of eliminating them all together. The other factor that gave yeast to the issue was the pronouncement by former secretaries of state Henry Kissinger and George Shultz; former secretary of defense William Perry; former senator Sam Nunn; and other luminaries that the nation should support elimination of nuclear weapon all together. Dr. Lowther breaks down the elements of the debate between "abolitionists" on the one hand, and the "modernizers" on the other, who have opposing views of the utility of nuclear weapons. What makes the issue complex is that there is clearly a value to nuclear weapons, and total elimination tends to be a far off, if attractive goal. In the meantime the nation has to decide how to deal with our reality which not only has national and international deterrent implications, but is also a matter of science. In the interim the nation must modernize its weapons because they are getting old. We must also update our delivery systems and even decide whether we need three systems: airplanes, missiles and submarines. Finally, we need to refresh our aging scientist and engineering base. We cannot easily replace those who put together our current arsenal. A generation after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States stands at a crossroad. One path leads to a reinvigoration of the nuclear enterprise, while the other promises an end to nuclear weapons. Those that advocate the recapitalization of the nuclear enterprise fall into the "modernizer" camp. They believe that America's nuclear arsenal prevented the United States and Soviet Union from engaging in a large-scale conventional conflict during the Cold War. Deterrence was successful because the consequences of its failure were too terrible to risk. Thus, the modernizers advocate a renewed emphasis on the nuclear enterprise, design of new warheads, and the development of new delivery platforms. For modernizers, capability and credibility are inextricably linked, and both are an important element of deterrence. And, perhaps most importantly, modernizers do not believe that the end of the Cold War fundamentally changed the nature of power, persuasion, and the use of violence. Today, just as during the Cold War, nuclear weapons remain a vital element of US national security. Those advocating that the nation follow a different path are the "abolitionists." Often found in academia, Washington-based lobbying organizations, and the remnants of the peace movement, abolitionists are focused on eliminating nuclear weapons completely. They suggest that these weapons are too destructive and could fall into the hands of someone willing to use them. Thus, the United States must lead the way in their reduction and elimination. As abolitionists suggest, the world will be a safer place without them.

Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 100020054X
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation by : Allan S. Krass

Download or read book Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation written by Allan S. Krass and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1983, this book presents both the technical and political information necessary to evaluate the emerging threat to world security posed by recent advances in uranium enrichment technology. Uranium enrichment has played a relatively quiet but important role in the history of efforts by a number of nations to acquire nuclear weapons and by a number of others to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons. For many years the uranium enrichment industry was dominated by a single method, gaseous diffusion, which was technically complex, extremely capital-intensive, and highly inefficient in its use of energy. As long as this remained true, only the richest and most technically advanced nations could afford to pursue the enrichment route to weapon acquisition. But during the 1970s this situation changed dramatically. Several new and far more accessible enrichment techniques were developed, stimulated largely by the anticipation of a rapidly growing demand for enrichment services by the world-wide nuclear power industry. This proliferation of new techniques, coupled with the subsequent contraction of the commercial market for enriched uranium, has created a situation in which uranium enrichment technology might well become the most important contributor to further nuclear weapon proliferation. Some of the issues addressed in this book are: A technical analysis of the most important enrichment techniques in a form that is relevant to analysis of proliferation risks; A detailed projection of the world demand for uranium enrichment services; A summary and critique of present institutional non-proliferation arrangements in the world enrichment industry, and An identification of the states most likely to pursue the enrichment route to acquisition of nuclear weapons.

Tailored Deterrence

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780974740386
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Tailored Deterrence by : Barry R. Schneider

Download or read book Tailored Deterrence written by Barry R. Schneider and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Nuclear Weapons and American Grand Strategy

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780815737919
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Weapons and American Grand Strategy by : Francis J. Gavin

Download or read book Nuclear Weapons and American Grand Strategy written by Francis J. Gavin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring what we know--and don't know--about how nuclear weapons shape American grand strategy and international relations A 2020 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title The world first confronted the power of nuclear weapons when the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. The global threat of these weapons deepened in the following decades as more advanced weapons, aggressive strategies, and new nuclear powers emerged. Ever since, countless books, reports, and articles--and even a new field of academic inquiry called "security studies"--have tried to explain the so-called nuclear revolution. Francis J. Gavin argues that scholarly and popular understanding of many key issues about nuclear weapons is incomplete at best and wrong at worst. Among these important, misunderstood issues are: how nuclear deterrence works; whether nuclear coercion is effective; how and why the United States chose its nuclear strategies; why countries develop their own nuclear weapons or choose not to do so; and, most fundamentally, whether nuclear weapons make the world safer or more dangerous. These and similar questions still matter because nuclear danger is returning as a genuine threat. Emerging technologies and shifting great-power rivalries seem to herald a new type of cold war just three decades after the end of the U.S.-Soviet conflict that was characterized by periodic prospects of global Armageddon. Nuclear Weapons and American Grand Strategy helps policymakers wrestle with the latest challenges. Written in a clear, accessible, and jargon-free manner, the book also offers insights for students, scholars, and others interested in both the history and future of nuclear danger.

Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons by :

Download or read book Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Cold War, the United States and Soviet Union both deployed thousands of "nonstrategic" nuclear weapons that were intended to be used in support of troops in the field during a conflict. these included nuclear mines; artillery; short, medium, and long-range ballistic missiles; and gravity bombs. In contrast with the longer-range "strategic" nuclear weapons, these weapons had a lower profile in policy debates and arms control negotiations. At the end of the 1980s, before the demise of the Soviet Union, each nation still had thousands of these weapons deployed with their troops in the field, aboard naval vessels, and on aircraft. In 1991, both the United States and Soviet Union announced that they would withdraw most and eliminate many of their nonstrategic nuclear weapons. The United States now retains approximately 1,100 nonstrategic nuclear weapons, with a few hundred deployed with aircraft in Europe and the remaining stored in the United States. Estimates vary, but experts believe Russia still has between 3,000 and 8,000 warheads for nonstrategic nuclear weapons in its arsenal. The Bush Administration has not announced any further reductions in U.S. nonstrategic nuclear weapons; to the contrary, it has indicated that nuclear weapons remain essential to U.S. national security interests and it has requested funding for the study of a new robust nuclear earth penetrator weapon. In addition, Russia has increased its reliance on nuclear weapons in its national security concept. Some analysts argue that Russia has backed away from its commitments from 1991 and may develop and deploy new types of nonstrategic nuclear weapons. Analysts have identified a number of issues with the continued deployment of U.S. and Russian nonstrategic nuclear weapons. These include questions about the safety and security of Russia's weapons and the possibility that some might be lost, stolen, or sold to another nation or group; questions about the role of these weapons in U.S. and Russian security policy, and the likelihood that either nation might use these weapons in a regional contingency with a non-nuclear nation; questions about the role that these weapons play in NATO policy and whether there is a continuing need for the United States to deploy these weapons at bases overseas; and questions about the relationship between nonstrategic nuclear weapons and U.S. nonproliferation policy, particularly whether a U.S. policy that views these weapons as a militarily useful tool might encourage other nations to acquire their own nuclear weapons, or at least complicate U.S. policy to discourage such acquisition. Some argue that these weapons do not create any problems and the United States should not alter its policy. Others, however, argue that the United States should reduce its reliance on these weapons and encourage Russia to do the same. Many have also suggested that the United States and Russia expand their efforts to cooperate on ensuring the safe and secure storage and elimination of these weapons, possibly to include negotiating a formal arms control treaty that would limit these weapons and allow for increased transparency in monitoring their deployment and elimination.

Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons

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Author :
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781544151878
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons by : Amy F. Woolf

Download or read book Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons written by Amy F. Woolf and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-02-21 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent debates about U.S. nuclear weapons have questioned what role weapons with shorter ranges and lower yields can play in addressing emerging threats in Europe and Asia. These weapons, often referred to as nonstrategic nuclear weapons, have not been limited by past U.S.- Russian arms control agreements, although some analysts argue such limits would be of value, particularly in addressing Russia's greater numbers of these types of weapons. Others have argued that the United States should expand its deployments of these weapons, in both Europe and Asia, to address new risks of war conducted under a nuclear shadow. Both the Trump Administration and Congress may address these questions during a new review of the U.S. nuclear posture. During the Cold War, the United States and Soviet Union both deployed nonstrategic nuclear weapons for use in the field during a conflict. While there are several ways to distinguish between strategic and nonstrategic nuclear weapons, most analysts consider nonstrategic weapons to be shorter-range delivery systems with lower yield warheads that might be used to attack troops or facilities on the battlefield. They have included nuclear mines; artillery; short-, medium-, and long-range ballistic missiles; cruise missiles; and gravity bombs. In contrast with the longer-range 'strategic' nuclear weapons, these weapons had a lower profile in policy debates and arms control negotiations, possibly because they did not pose a direct threat to the continental United States. At the end of the 1980s, each nation still had thousands of these weapons deployed with their troops in the field, aboard naval vessels, and on aircraft. In 1991, the United States and Soviet Union both withdrew from deployment most and eliminated from their arsenals many of their nonstrategic nuclear weapons. The United States now has approximately 760 nonstrategic nuclear weapons, with around 200 deployed with aircraft in Europe and the remaining stored in the United States. Estimates vary, but experts believe Russia still has between 1,000 and 6,000 warheads for nonstrategic nuclear weapons in its arsenal. The Bush Administration quietly redeployed and removed some of the nuclear weapons deployed in Europe. Russia, however seems to have increased its reliance on nuclear weapons in its national security concept. Some analysts argue that Russia has backed away from its commitments from 1991 and may develop and deploy new types of nonstrategic nuclear weapons. Analysts have identified a number of issues with the continued deployment of U.S. and Russian nonstrategic nuclear weapons. These include questions about the safety and security of Russia's weapons and the possibility that some might be lost, stolen, or sold to another nation or group; questions about the role of these weapons in U.S. and Russian security policy; questions about the role that these weapons play in NATO policy and whether there is a continuing need for the United States to deploy them at bases overseas; questions about the implications of the disparity in numbers between U.S. and Russian nonstrategic nuclear weapons; and questions about the relationship between nonstrategic nuclear weapons and U.S. nonproliferation policy. Some argue that these weapons do not create any problems and the United States should not alter its policy. Others argue that NATO should consider expanding its deployments in response to Russia's aggression in Ukraine. Some believe the United States should reduce its reliance on these weapons and encourage Russia to do the same. Many have suggested that the United States and Russia expand efforts to cooperate on ensuring the safe and secure storage and elimination of these weapons; others have suggested that they negotiate an arms control treaty that would limit these weapons and allow for increased transparency in monitoring their deployment and elimination.

Duty to Deter

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780985555351
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (553 download)

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Book Synopsis Duty to Deter by : Rebeccah Heinrichs

Download or read book Duty to Deter written by Rebeccah Heinrichs and published by . This book was released on 2024-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Duty to Deter: American Nuclear Deterrence and the Just War Doctrine, by Rebeccah L. Heinrichs, observes that the United States is in a new cold war with two nuclear peers-Russia and China. The possibility of either adversary breaking the nuclear peace is significant. Heinrichs explores the question: can the United States have a modern nuclear deterrence strategy that complies with the Just War Doctrine (JWD)? She concludes that the answer is yes, and that as the United States has sought to increase the credibility of its deterrent over decades, it has moved in better alignment with the JWD. She further argues in today's cold war the United States must maintain the strategy, adapt its nuclear posture, and add better defenses. To go backwards, to target cities, or to fail to expand and adapt the deterrent as the China-Russia threats require, will threaten the credibility of the deterrent, and violate the JWD principles