Bureaucrats Strategic Behaviors In Japanese Policymaking Process

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The Problem of Bureaucratic Rationality

Author : Junko Kato
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 140082155X
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis The Problem of Bureaucratic Rationality by : Junko Kato

Download or read book The Problem of Bureaucratic Rationality written by Junko Kato and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1994-10-31 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through a detailed account of the political battles over Japanese tax reform during the last two decades, Junko Kato draws an unconventional portrait of bureaucratic motivation, showing how fiscal bureaucrats exploit their unique technical knowledge to influence policymaking. Rejecting the notion that the monopolization of policy expertise leads to bureaucratic domination, Kato contends that bureaucrats seek to increase their influence upon politicians by strategically sharing information. She also explores the reason for the relative strength of the bureaucratic organization in comparison to the governing party, whose interest in reelections and intra-party politics may pose dilemmas for individual politicians. In 1989, the Japanese Diet enacted a broad-based consumption tax after two failed attempts and in the face of widespread public disapproval. Its passage was all the more remarkable for coming just as a series of dramatic financial scandals had begun to undermine popular support for the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, fore-shadowing its fall from power four years later. Kato argues that skillful maneuvering by the Ministry of Finance, determined to ensure stable long-term revenues, was decisive in persuading a majority of legislators to oppose their constituents in endorsing an unpopular program of tax reform. Her careful analysis of the Japanese case holds important implications for the study of bureaucratic power and public policy in advanced industrial democracies elsewhere in East Asia and the West.

Policymaking in Japan; Defining the Role of Politicians

Author : Nihon Kokusai Kōryū Sentā
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Policymaking in Japan; Defining the Role of Politicians by : Nihon Kokusai Kōryū Sentā

Download or read book Policymaking in Japan; Defining the Role of Politicians written by Nihon Kokusai Kōryū Sentā and published by . This book was released on 2002-06 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major evolution in Japan's system of governance has been taking place in recent years as politicians have increasingly begun to participate in the policymaking process where bureaucrats used to play the predominant role. The six chapters in this volume are written by members of the Diet from the Liberal Democratic, Democratic, and New Komeito parties. These members of the new generation of politicians in Japan are concerned about designing a new architecture for policymaking.Relations between politicians and bureaucrats and how those relations should be restructured are discussed. Restructuring the policymaking process also involves questions of the relationships between the prime minister and the governing party organizations, the role of Diet committees, and the issue of staff support for politicians, parties, the Diet, and the prime minister. Each chapter explores these and other policymaking matters in the context of a specific policy issue, such as finance, information technology, public works, education, and corporate policy. Chapters provide important insights into the substantive issue at hand and the policy process relating to it.Contributors include Japanese House of Representatives members Nemoto Takumi, Furukawa Motohisa, Ito Tatsuya, Maehara Seiji, Hase Hiroshi, and Ueda Isamu.

The Japanese Policymaking Process with Bureaucrats

Author : Kazuo Machino
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis The Japanese Policymaking Process with Bureaucrats by : Kazuo Machino

Download or read book The Japanese Policymaking Process with Bureaucrats written by Kazuo Machino and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics

Author : Robert J. Pekkanen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190050993
Total Pages : 1001 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics by : Robert J. Pekkanen

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics written by Robert J. Pekkanen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-25 with total page 1001 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Book Abstract and Keywords: The study of Japanese politics has flourished over the past several decades. This Handbook provides a state-of-the-field overview for students and researchers of Japanese. The volume also serves to introduce Japanese politics to readers less familiar with Japan. In addition, the volume has a theme of "evaluating Japan's democracy." Taken as a whole, the volume provides a positive evaluation of the state of Japan's democracy. The volume is divided into two parts, roughly corresponding to domestic Japanese politics and Japan's international politics. Within the domestic politics part, there are four distinct sections: "Domestic Political Actors and Institutions," covering the Japanese Constitution, electoral systems, prime minister, Diet, bureaucracy, judiciary, and local government; "Political Parties and Coalitions," covering the Liberal Democratic Party, coalition government, Kōmeitō, and the political opposition; "Policymaking and the Public," covering the policymaking process, public opinion, civil society, and populism; and, "Political Economy and Social Policy," covering industrial, energy, social welfare, agricultural, monetary, and immigration policies, as well as social inequality. In the international relations part, there are four sections: "International Relations Frameworks," covering grand strategy, international organizations, and international status; "International Political Economy," covering trade, finance, foreign direct investment, the environment, economic regionalism, and the linkage between security and economics; "International Security," covering remilitarization, global and regional security multilateralism, nuclear nonproliferation, naval power, space security, and cybersecurity; and, "Foreign Relations" covering Japan's relations with the United States, China, South Korea, ASEAN, India, the European Union, and Russia. Keywords: international relations, comparative politics, democracy, international order, alliances, space security, elections, Liberal Democratic Party, multilateralism, remilitarization, international organizations, populism, civil society, coalitions, political parties, trade, finance monetary policy, foreign direct investment, cybersecurity"--

Japan's Agricultural Policy Regime

Author : Aurelia George Mulgan
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134211856
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (342 download)

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Book Synopsis Japan's Agricultural Policy Regime by : Aurelia George Mulgan

Download or read book Japan's Agricultural Policy Regime written by Aurelia George Mulgan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-11-12 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by the world’s leading expert in the field, this book examines the evolution of Japanese agricultural policy in the post-war period, focusing particularly from the 1970s onwards when both domestic and external pressures for reform began to intensify. The author explains how the MAFF has safeguarded their institutional capacity to intervene by accommodating both public interest in agricultural policy reform alongside the interests of government in maintaining agricultural support and protection. The book provides a major reinterpretation of agricultural policy, examining how the MAFF’s role as an ‘intervention maximiser’ has been redefined in the face of continued bureaucratic involvement. Making available in English for the first time Japanese policy changes in the post-war period, the book will appeal to political economy specialists and political scientists, and those with an interest in Japanese politics and bureaucratic institutions.

Japan Transformed

Author : Frances Rosenbluth
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400835097
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Japan Transformed by : Frances Rosenbluth

Download or read book Japan Transformed written by Frances Rosenbluth and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-12 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With little domestic fanfare and even less attention internationally, Japan has been reinventing itself since the 1990s, dramatically changing its political economy, from one managed by regulations to one with a neoliberal orientation. Rebuilding from the economic misfortunes of its recent past, the country retains a formidable economy and its political system is healthier than at any time in its history. Japan Transformed explores the historical, political, and economic forces that led to the country's recent evolution, and looks at the consequences for Japan's citizens and global neighbors. The book examines Japanese history, illustrating the country's multiple transformations over the centuries, and then focuses on the critical and inexorable advance of economic globalization. It describes how global economic integration and urbanization destabilized Japan's postwar policy coalition, undercut the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's ability to buy votes, and paved the way for new electoral rules that emphasized competing visions of the public good. In contrast to the previous system that pitted candidates from the same party against each other, the new rules tether policymaking to the vast swath of voters in the middle of the political spectrum. Regardless of ruling party, Japan's politics, economics, and foreign policy are on a neoliberal path. Japan Transformed combines broad context and comparative analysis to provide an accurate understanding of Japan's past, present, and future.

Strategic Theory for the 21st Century: The Little Book on Big Strategy

Author : Harry R. Yarger
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428916229
Total Pages : 93 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategic Theory for the 21st Century: The Little Book on Big Strategy by : Harry R. Yarger

Download or read book Strategic Theory for the 21st Century: The Little Book on Big Strategy written by Harry R. Yarger and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Compellence and the Strategic Culture of Imperial Japan

Author : Forrest Morgan
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313057249
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Compellence and the Strategic Culture of Imperial Japan by : Forrest Morgan

Download or read book Compellence and the Strategic Culture of Imperial Japan written by Forrest Morgan and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2003-11-30 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compellence is a fundamental tool of international security policy. This study explains how culture shapes the ways that decision-makers respond to the threat of force. First, Morgan builds a theoretical framework, next he analyzes three cases in which states attempted to compel Japan to change its behavior. The first is an in-depth analysis of the 1895 triple intervention in which Russia, Germany, and France forced Japanese leaders to return the Liaotung Peninsula to China following the first Sino-Japanese War. The second and third relate to World War II: the 1941 oil embargo intended to coerce Tokyo to withdraw its military from China and Washington's 1945 efforts to force Japan to end the war. These cases explain much of the seemingly irrational behavior previously attributed to Japanese leaders. Morgan demonstrates that culture clearly influenced outcomes in all three cases by conditioning Japanese perceptions, strategic preferences, and governmental processes. These findings are relevant today, and recent conflicts suggest that they will be increasingly important into the 21st century. This book offers policy makers a much-needed method for employing strategic culture analysis to develop more effective security strategies—strategies that will be of vital importance in an increasingly volatile world.

Strategic Capitalism

Author : Kent E. Calder
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691225176
Total Pages : 395 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategic Capitalism by : Kent E. Calder

Download or read book Strategic Capitalism written by Kent E. Calder and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-09 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Was Japan's economic miracle generated primarily by the Japanese state or by the nation's dynamic private sector? In addressing this question, Kent Calder's richly detailed study offers a distinctive reinterpretation of Japanese government-business relations. Calder challenges popular opinion to demonstrate how Japanese private enterprise has complemented the state in achieving the national purpose of industrial transformation.

Japan's Defense Policy and Bureaucratic Politics, 1976-2007

Author : Takao Sebata
Publisher : University Press of America
ISBN 13 : 0761850821
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (618 download)

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Book Synopsis Japan's Defense Policy and Bureaucratic Politics, 1976-2007 by : Takao Sebata

Download or read book Japan's Defense Policy and Bureaucratic Politics, 1976-2007 written by Takao Sebata and published by University Press of America. This book was released on 2010-06-05 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is a well known fact that Japan spends only a small percentage of her gross national product on defense. What is not well known, however, is the fact that Japan's defense budget ranks among the top in the world and that her self-defense forces are considered to be amongst the best conventional armed forces in the world. Since empirical studies concerning Japan's military expansion are rare both in Japanese and English, the book takes up this neglected area. It examines Japan's military expansion and the decision-making of her defense policy between 1976 and 2007, focusing on the National Defense Program outline and the guidelines for United States-Japan Defense Cooperation. This book deals with how the bureaucratic politics model applies to the case of Japan's defense policy and demonstrates some similarities and differences between Japanese and United States decision-making.

Japan Rising

Author : Kenneth Pyle
Publisher : PublicAffairs
ISBN 13 : 0786732024
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis Japan Rising by : Kenneth Pyle

Download or read book Japan Rising written by Kenneth Pyle and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2009-04-27 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan is on the verge of a sea change. After more than fifty years of national pacifism and isolation including the "lost decade" of the 1990s, Japan is quietly, stealthily awakening. As Japan prepares to become a major player in the strategic struggles of the 21st century, critical questions arise about its motivations. What are the driving forces that influence how Japan will act in the international system? Are there recurrent patterns that will help explain how Japan will respond to the emerging environment of world politics? American understanding of Japanese character and purpose has been tenuous at best. We have repeatedly underestimated Japan in the realm of foreign policy. Now as Japan shows signs of vitality and international engagement, it is more important than ever that we understand the forces that drive Japan. In Japan Rising, renowned expert Kenneth Pyle identities the common threads that bind the divergent strategies of modern Japan, providing essential reading for anyone seeking to understand how Japan arrived at this moment -- and what to expect in the future.

Japan’s Decision For War In 1941: Some Enduring Lessons

Author : Dr. Jeffrey Record
Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1786252961
Total Pages : 105 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (862 download)

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Book Synopsis Japan’s Decision For War In 1941: Some Enduring Lessons by : Dr. Jeffrey Record

Download or read book Japan’s Decision For War In 1941: Some Enduring Lessons written by Dr. Jeffrey Record and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan’s decision to attack the United States in 1941 is widely regarded as irrational to the point of suicidal. How could Japan hope to survive a war with, much less defeat, an enemy possessing an invulnerable homeland and an industrial base 10 times that of Japan? The Pacific War was one that Japan was always going to lose, so how does one explain Tokyo’s decision? Did the Japanese recognize the odds against them? Did they have a concept of victory, or at least of avoiding defeat? Or did the Japanese prefer a lost war to an unacceptable peace? Dr. Jeffrey Record takes a fresh look at Japan’s decision for war, and concludes that it was dictated by Japanese pride and the threatened economic destruction of Japan by the United States. He believes that Japanese aggression in East Asia was the root cause of the Pacific War, but argues that the road to war in 1941 was built on American as well as Japanese miscalculations and that both sides suffered from cultural ignorance and racial arrogance. Record finds that the Americans underestimated the role of fear and honor in Japanese calculations and overestimated the effectiveness of economic sanctions as a deterrent to war, whereas the Japanese underestimated the cohesion and resolve of an aroused American society and overestimated their own martial prowess as a means of defeating U.S. material superiority. He believes that the failure of deterrence was mutual, and that the descent of the United States and Japan into war contains lessons of great and continuing relevance to American foreign policy and defense decision-makers.

Great Power Strategies - The United States, China and Japan

Author : Quansheng Zhao
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000642348
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Great Power Strategies - The United States, China and Japan by : Quansheng Zhao

Download or read book Great Power Strategies - The United States, China and Japan written by Quansheng Zhao and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-09-05 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comparative study of the strategies of great powers in the Asia-Pacific, namely, the United States, China and Japan, known as the Pacific Three. It examines the evolution of each power’s strategic thinking and analyzes the three powers’ respective foreign policies and internal debates in the policymaking process. It analyzes the three countries’ conflict and cooperation from past to the present. It stresses the importance of the interactions between internal and external factors in the policymaking process, and emphasizes the great significance of these interactions for international relations theory. For example, it highlights the role of strategic advisers in think tanks and government agencies in the United States, Japan's informal and balanced policymaking process, and the impact of traditional culture in China, especially Confucianism, and the part played by Chinese think tanks.

Japan’s Foreign Policy Making

Author : Karol Zakowski
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319630946
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Japan’s Foreign Policy Making by : Karol Zakowski

Download or read book Japan’s Foreign Policy Making written by Karol Zakowski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-28 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book evaluates the impact of the 2001 central government reforms on effective foreign policy making in Japan. It puts a special focus on the evolution of the domestic institutional factors and decision-making processes behind Japan’s foreign policy, while also analyzing the development of Japan’s external relations with various other countries, such as the US, China and North Korea. Adhering to the neoclassical realist approach, the authors show that, thanks to a more independent Kantei-based form of diplomacy, Japan’s prime ministers were able to strategically respond to international developments, and to pursue their own diplomatic endeavors more boldly. At the same time, they demonstrate that the effectiveness of this proactive posture was still heavily dependent on the decision-makers’ ability to form cohesive coalitions and select suitable institutional tools, which enabled them to influence domestic and international affairs.

Policymaking in Contemporary Japan

Author : T. J. Pempel
Publisher : Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Policymaking in Contemporary Japan by : T. J. Pempel

Download or read book Policymaking in Contemporary Japan written by T. J. Pempel and published by Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell University Press. This book was released on 1977 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Japan's Development Aid to China

Author : Tsukasa Takamine
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134263651
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (342 download)

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Book Synopsis Japan's Development Aid to China by : Tsukasa Takamine

Download or read book Japan's Development Aid to China written by Tsukasa Takamine and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-11-12 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paradoxically, Japan provides massive amounts of development aid to China, despite Japan's clear perception of China as a prime competitor in the Asia-Pacific region. This clearly written and comprehensive volume provides an overview of the way Japan's aid to China has developed since 1979. It explains the shifts that have taken place in Japan's China policy in the 1990s against the background of international changes and domestic changes in both countries, and offers new insights into the way Japanese aid policy making functions, thereby providing an alternative view of Japanese policy making that might be applied to other areas. Through a series of case studies, it shows Japan’s increasing willingness to use development aid to China for strategic goals and explains a significant shift of priority project areas of Japan’s China aid in the 1990s, from industrial infrastructure to socio-environmental infrastructure. The book argues that, contrary to the widely held view that Japan's aid to China is given for reasons of commercial self-interest, the objectives are much more complex and dynamic. Using original material, Takamine shows how policy making power within the Japanese government has shifted in recent years away from officials in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to politicians in the Liberal Democratic Party.

Nation States as Schizophrenics

Author : Roberta N. Haar
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313074453
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Nation States as Schizophrenics by : Roberta N. Haar

Download or read book Nation States as Schizophrenics written by Roberta N. Haar and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2001-05-30 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The demise of the Cold War continues to pose new challenges to the international system. Central to these challenges is the extent of German and Japanese security commitments within their regions and to the global maintenance of peace and stability. It is important to know whether two of the world's acknowledged economic powers will play significant stabilizing roles. If they choose not to, what are the reasons and what can be done to convince them that their military might and political leadership are critical? Certainly in the first decade since the end of the Cold War, Germany and Japan did not fulfill the roles that their allies and many realist scholars expected they would. Haar seeks to explain German and Japanese reticence to assume their anticipated roles. In order to undertake this task she evaluates, various models of foreign policy. In the future, Haar asserts, Japanese and German foreign policy are likely to remain torn, with both practicing a have-it-all-ways policy. If their allies, the United States in particular, continue to insist that they bear more of the burdens of world security, then their foreign policy must be better understood. This is a provocative analysis that will be of particular interest to scholars, researchers, and policy makers involved with German and Japanese foreign policy analysis.