Japan’s Decision For War In 1941: Some Enduring Lessons

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Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1786252961
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (862 download)

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Book Synopsis Japan’s Decision For War In 1941: Some Enduring Lessons by : Dr. Jeffrey Record

Download or read book Japan’s Decision For War In 1941: Some Enduring Lessons written by Dr. Jeffrey Record and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan’s decision to attack the United States in 1941 is widely regarded as irrational to the point of suicidal. How could Japan hope to survive a war with, much less defeat, an enemy possessing an invulnerable homeland and an industrial base 10 times that of Japan? The Pacific War was one that Japan was always going to lose, so how does one explain Tokyo’s decision? Did the Japanese recognize the odds against them? Did they have a concept of victory, or at least of avoiding defeat? Or did the Japanese prefer a lost war to an unacceptable peace? Dr. Jeffrey Record takes a fresh look at Japan’s decision for war, and concludes that it was dictated by Japanese pride and the threatened economic destruction of Japan by the United States. He believes that Japanese aggression in East Asia was the root cause of the Pacific War, but argues that the road to war in 1941 was built on American as well as Japanese miscalculations and that both sides suffered from cultural ignorance and racial arrogance. Record finds that the Americans underestimated the role of fear and honor in Japanese calculations and overestimated the effectiveness of economic sanctions as a deterrent to war, whereas the Japanese underestimated the cohesion and resolve of an aroused American society and overestimated their own martial prowess as a means of defeating U.S. material superiority. He believes that the failure of deterrence was mutual, and that the descent of the United States and Japan into war contains lessons of great and continuing relevance to American foreign policy and defense decision-makers.

Japan's Decision for War in 1941

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Japan's Decision for War in 1941 by : Jeffrey Record

Download or read book Japan's Decision for War in 1941 written by Jeffrey Record and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Japan's Decision for War in 1941

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781461107880
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Japan's Decision for War in 1941 by : Jeffrey Record

Download or read book Japan's Decision for War in 1941 written by Jeffrey Record and published by . This book was released on 2009-02-27 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Japanese decision to initiate war against the United States in 1941 continues to perplex. Did the Japanese recognize the odds against them? How did they expect to defeat the United States? The presumption of irrationality is natural, given Japan's acute imperial overstretch in 1941 and America's overwhelming industrial might and latent military power. The Japanese decision for war, however, must be seen in the light of the available alternatives in the fall of 1941, which were either national economic suffocation or surrender of Tokyo's empire on the Asian mainland. Though Japanese aggression in East Asia was the root cause of the Pacific War, the road to Pearl Harbor was built on American as well as Japanese miscalculations, most of them mired in mutual cultural ignorance and racial arrogance. Japan's aggression in China, military alliance with Hitler, and proclamation of a "Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere" that included resource-rich Southeast Asia were major milestones along the road to war, but the proximate cause was Japan's occupation of southern French Indochina in July 1941, which placed Japanese forces in a position to grab Malaya, Singapore, and the Dutch East Indies. Japan's threatened conquest of Southeast Asia, which in turn would threaten Great Britain's ability to resist Nazi aggression in Europe, prompted the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt to sanction Japan by imposing an embargo on U.S. oil exports upon which the Japanese economy was critically dependent. Yet the embargo, far from deterring further Japanese aggression, prompted a Tokyo decision to invade Southeast Asia. By mid-1941 Japanese leaders believed that war with the United States was inevitable and that it was imperative to seize the Dutch East Indies, which offered a substitute for dependency on American oil. The attack on Pearl Harbor was essentially a flanking raid in support of the main event, which was the conquest of Malaya, Singapore, the Indies, and the Philippines, Japan's decision for war rested on several assumptions, some realistic, others not. The first was that time was working against Japan-i.e., the longer they took to initiate war with the United States, the dimmer its prospects for success. The Japanese also assumed they had little chance of winning a protracted war with the United States but hoped they could force the Americans into a murderous, island-by-island slog across the Central and Southwestern Pacific that would eventually exhaust American will to fight on to total victory. The Japanese believed they were racially and spiritually superior to the Americans, whom they regarded as an effete, creature-comforted people divided by political factionalism and racial and class strife. U.S. attempts to deter Japanese expansion into the Southwestern Pacific via the imposition of harsh economic sanctions, redeployment of the U.S. Fleet from southern California to Pearl Harbor, and the dispatch of B-17 long-range bombers to the Philippines all failed because the United States insisted that Japan evacuate both Indochina and China as the price for a restoration of U.S. trade. The United States demanded, in effect, that Japan abandon its empire, and by extension its aspiration to become a great power, and submit to the economic dominion of the United States-something no self-respecting Japanese leader could accept.

Japan's Decision for War In 1941:

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781522075257
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (752 download)

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Book Synopsis Japan's Decision for War In 1941: by : U. S. Army

Download or read book Japan's Decision for War In 1941: written by U. S. Army and published by . This book was released on 2017-08-11 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan's decision to attack the United States in 1941 iswidely regarded as irrational to the point of suicidal. Howcould Japan hope to survive a war with, much less defeat, anenemy possessing an invulnerable homeland and an industrialbase 10 times that of Japan? The Pacific War was one that Japanwas always going to lose, so how does one explain Tokyo'sdecision? Did the Japanese recognize the odds against them?Did they have a concept of victory, or at least of avoidingdefeat? Or did the Japanese prefer a lost war to an unacceptablepeace? 第二次大戦

Japan’s Decision for War

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Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780804703055
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Japan’s Decision for War by : Nobutaka Ike

Download or read book Japan’s Decision for War written by Nobutaka Ike and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1967 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Records of fifty-seven liason conferences held in Tokyo between March and December 1941 by leaders of the Japanese Army and Navy and the Cabinet.

Japan's Decision for War

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Japan's Decision for War by : Louis Morton

Download or read book Japan's Decision for War written by Louis Morton and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Japan's Decision for War

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781503622654
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (226 download)

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Book Synopsis Japan's Decision for War by :

Download or read book Japan's Decision for War written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A War It Was Always Going to Lose

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Publisher : Potomac Books, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1597975346
Total Pages : 185 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (979 download)

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Book Synopsis A War It Was Always Going to Lose by : Jeffrey Record

Download or read book A War It Was Always Going to Lose written by Jeffrey Record and published by Potomac Books, Inc.. This book was released on 2010-11-30 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jeffrey Record has specialized in investigating the causes of war. In The Specter of Munich: Reconsidering the Lessons of Appeasing Hitler (Potomac Books, Inc., 2006), he contended that Hitler could not have been deterred from going to war by any action the Allies could plausibly have taken. In Beating Goliath: Why Insurgencies Win (Potomac Books, Inc., 2007), Record reviewed eleven insurgencies and evaluated the reasons for their success or failure, including the insurgents' stronger will to prevail. Wanting War: Why the Bush Administration Invaded Iraq (Potomac Books, Inc., 2009) includes one of Record's most cogent explanations of why an often uncritical belief in one's own victory is frequently (but not always) a critical component of the decision to make war. Record incorporates the lessons of these earlier books in his latest, A War It Was Always Going to Lose: Why Japan Attacked America in 1941. The attack on Pearl Harbor is one of the most perplexing cases in living memory of a weaker power seeming to believe that it could vanquish a clearly superior force. On closer inspection, however, Record finds that Japan did not believe it could win; yet, the Japanese imperial command decided to attack the United States anyway. Conventional explanations that Japan's leaders were criminally stupid, wildly deluded, or just plumb crazy don't fully answer all our questions, Record finds. Instead, he argues, the Japanese were driven by an insatiable appetite for national glory and economic security via the conquest of East Asia. The scope of their ambitions and their fear of economic destruction overwhelmed their knowledge that the likelihood of winning was slim and propelled them into a war they were always going to lose.

Japan's Decision for War

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (234 download)

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Book Synopsis Japan's Decision for War by : Louis Morton

Download or read book Japan's Decision for War written by Louis Morton and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Pearl Harbor and the Coming of the Pacific War

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Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9780312218188
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (181 download)

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Book Synopsis Pearl Harbor and the Coming of the Pacific War by : Akira Iriye

Download or read book Pearl Harbor and the Coming of the Pacific War written by Akira Iriye and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 1999 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assembling more than thirty primary documents - including proposals, memoranda, decrypted messages, and imperial conference reports - Iriye presents diplomatic exchanges from both American and Japanese perspectives to determine how and why the United States and Japan went to war in 1941. A detailed introduction provides background on Japanese aggression in China and Southeast Asia during the 1930s and economic unrest and isolationism in the United States. Readings add an interpretive dimension, placing Pearl Harbor in global context with essays from American, Japanese, Chinese, Soviet, German, British, and Indonesian perspectives that explain how various countries applied pressure, offered assistance, exacerbated rifts, and significantly affected negotiations and Japan's ultimate decision for war.

Japan's Struggle to End the War

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Japan's Struggle to End the War by : United States Strategic Bombing Survey

Download or read book Japan's Struggle to End the War written by United States Strategic Bombing Survey and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Survival: June - July 2023

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Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1003803806
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Survival: June - July 2023 by : The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)

Download or read book Survival: June - July 2023 written by The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-06-09 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Survival, the IISS’s bimonthly journal, challenges conventional wisdom and brings fresh, often controversial, perspectives on strategic issues of the moment. In this issue Hannah Aries, Bastian Giegerich and Tim Lawrenson assess that Europe’s defence industry will struggle to meet increased production needs In 2007, the late Ronald Steel judged that while the Iraq War had weakened the United States, it would not profoundly affect US foreign policy (from the archive) Dana H. Allin reflects on Ronald Steel’s legacy and prospects for the ‘extended American Century’ Liana Fix argues that the West should formulate security guarantees for Ukraine in parallel with its counter-offensive Daniel Sobelman assesses that the Yemen-based Houthi rebel movement is emulating Hizbullah And seven more thought-provoking pieces, as well as our regular Book Reviews and Noteworthy column. Editor: Dr Dana Allin Managing Editor: Jonathan Stevenson Associate Editor: Carolyn West Editorial Assistant: Charlie Zawadzki

Enduring Controversies in Military History [2 volumes]

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1431 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Enduring Controversies in Military History [2 volumes] by : Spencer C. Tucker

Download or read book Enduring Controversies in Military History [2 volumes] written by Spencer C. Tucker and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2017-09-21 with total page 1431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This provocative examination of major controversies in military history enables readers to learn how scholars approach controversial topics and provides a model for students in the study and discussion of other historical events. Why did Alexander the Great's empire fall apart so soon after his death? How did France win the Hundred Years War despite England winning its major battles? Was slavery the primary cause of the American Civil War? Would it have benefited the Allies militarily to have gone to war against Germany in 1938 rather than in 1939? Should women be allowed to serve in combat positions in the U.S. military? All of these questions and many other historical controversies are addressed in this thought-provoking reference book. By exploring every angle of some of the most contentious debates involving military history, this book builds students' critical thinking skills by supplying a complete background of the controversial topic to provide context, and also by providing multiple perspective essays written by top scholars in the field. The perspective essays present arguments for different positions on the controversy. Readers will consider the cases for and against whether Hannibal should have marched on Rome after his momentous victory at Cannae, whether the United States was justified in using the atomic bomb in Japan, whether Adolf Hitler was primarily responsible for the Holocaust, and whether torturing prisoners during the War on Terror is warranted, among many other historical military debates.

The Japanese Empire Disaster

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Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
ISBN 13 : 1664138692
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (641 download)

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Book Synopsis The Japanese Empire Disaster by : Jean Sénat Fleury

Download or read book The Japanese Empire Disaster written by Jean Sénat Fleury and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2021-01-22 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book demonstrates that, even if during the first period of the Shwa era (1931–1945) the real driving force to war was the Japanese military, Hirohito, as supreme commander, gave full support to the army. On multiple occasions, as an emperor, he sanctioned many government policies. Accordingly, he was responsible for the war and for the atrocities that the Japanese troops committed in Asia during the Pacific War. Japan’s Empire Disaster is a book of information and training; a reference document that should be read as an educational tool on the history of the modernization of Japan and the war launched by Emperor Meiji and Hirohito to build Japan Empire in the Pacific and East Asia. The book shares the view of the author on Hirohito’s responsibility on the events that marked Japan’s entry into the war that began when Japanese troops invaded Manchuria on September 19, 1931, and culminated with Japan’s surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941.

U.S. Army War College Guide to National Security Issues: National security policy and strategy

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Publisher : U.S. Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Army War College Guide to National Security Issues: National security policy and strategy by : J. Boone Bartholomees

Download or read book U.S. Army War College Guide to National Security Issues: National security policy and strategy written by J. Boone Bartholomees and published by U.S. Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2012 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume II continues the analyses and discussion of national security policy and strategy.

West Point History of World War II

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Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1476782733
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (767 download)

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Book Synopsis West Point History of World War II by : The United States Military Academy

Download or read book West Point History of World War II written by The United States Military Academy and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2015-11-03 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reader's Digest Endowed Book Fund.

Nagasaki

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Publisher : Souvenir Press
ISBN 13 : 0285643282
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (856 download)

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Book Synopsis Nagasaki by : Susan Southard

Download or read book Nagasaki written by Susan Southard and published by Souvenir Press. This book was released on 2017-08-31 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On August 9th, 1945, the US dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki. It killed a third of the population instantly, and the survivors, or hibakusha, would be affected by the life-altering medical conditions caused by the radiation for the rest of their lives. They were also marked with the stigma of their exposure to radiation, and fears of the consequences for their children. Nagasaki follows the previously unknown stories of five survivors and their families, from 1945 to the present day. It captures the full range of pain, fear, bravery and compassion unleashed by the destruction of a city.Susan Southard has interviewed the hibakusha over many years and her intimate portraits of their lives show the consequences of nuclear war. Nagasaki tells the neglected story of life after nuclear war and will help shape public debate over one of the most controversial wartime acts in history. Published for the 70th anniversary of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs, this is the first study to be based on eye-witness accounts of Nagasaki in the style of John Hersey's Hiroshima. On August 9th, 1945, three days after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, a 5-tonne plutonium bomb was dropped on the small, coastal city of Nagasaki. The explosion destroyed factories, shops and homes and killed 74,000 people while injuring another 75,000. The two atomic bombs marked the end of a global war but for the tens of thousands of survivors it was the beginning of a new life marked with the stigma of being hibakusha (atomic bomb-affected people). Susan Southard has spent a decade interviewing and researching the lives of the hibakusha, raw, emotive eye-witness accounts, which reconstruct the days, months and years after the bombing, the isolation of their hospitalisation and recovery, the difficulty of re-entering daily life and the enduring impact of life as the only people in history who have lived through a nuclear attack and its aftermath. Following five teenage survivors from 1945 to the present day Southard unveils the lives they have led, their injuries in the annihilation of the bomb, the dozens of radiation-related cancers and illnesses they have suffered, the humiliating and frightening choices about marriage they were forced into as a result of their fears of the genetic diseases that may be passed through their families for generations to come. The power of Nagasaki lies in the detail of the survivors' stories, as deaths continued for decades because of the radiation contamination, which caused various forms of cancer. Intimate and compassionate, while being grounded in historical research Nagasaki reveals the censorship that kept the suffering endured by the hibakusha hidden around the world. For years after the bombings news reports and scientific research were censored by U.S. occupation forces and the U.S. government led an efficient campaign to justify the necessity and morality of dropping the bombs. As we pass the seventieth anniversary of the only atomic bomb attacks in history Susan Southard captures the full range of pain, fear, bravery and compassion unleashed by the destruction of a city. The personal stories of those who survived beneath the mushroom clouds will transform the abstract perception of nuclear war into a visceral human experience. Nagasaki tells the neglected story of life after nuclear war and will help shape public discussion and debate over one of the most controversial wartime acts in history.