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Burden Sharing Among America And Its Allies
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Book Synopsis Burden Sharing Among America and Its Allies by : Fred Thompson
Download or read book Burden Sharing Among America and Its Allies written by Fred Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quantitative analysis presented in this article suggests that reductions in American contributions to the defense of its allies will if necessary cause them to increase their efforts to defend themselves. This analysis should, therefore, help to allay fears that reductions in the U.S. contribution to the defense of its allies would reduce the capacity of the Western Alliance to meet direct military threats to its Western Europe and Japan. Reductions in U.S. contribution to the defense of Western Europe and Japan would, therefore, permit reductions in U.S. defense spending and/or its reallocation to increase America's military capability to respond to new threats elsewhere. It must be understood, however, that shifting the burden of defense to America's allies involves more than mere cost savings. Significant burden shifting, including the redeployment of America's forces elsewhere, will necessarily involve substantial changes in the alliance authority structure. The United States cannot make such a shift and expect to continue to dominate its relationships with its Western European and Japanese allies as it has in the past.
Book Synopsis The Burden-Sharing Dilemma by : Brian D. Blankenship
Download or read book The Burden-Sharing Dilemma written by Brian D. Blankenship and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2023-11-15 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Burden-Sharing Dilemma examines the conditions under which the United States is willing and able to pressure its allies to assume more responsibility for their own defense. The United States has a mixed track record of encouraging allied burden-sharing—while it has succeeded or failed in some cases, it has declined to do so at all in others. This variation, Brian D. Blankenship argues, is because the United States tailors its burden-sharing pressure in accordance with two competing priorities: conserving its own resources and preserving influence in its alliances. Although burden-sharing enables great power patrons like the United States to lower alliance costs, it also empowers allies to resist patron influence. Blankenship identifies three factors that determine the severity of this burden-sharing dilemma and how it is managed: the latent military power of allies, the shared external threat environment, and the level of a patron's resource constraints. Through case studies of US alliances formed during the Cold War, he shows that a patron can mitigate the dilemma by combining assurances of protection with threats of abandonment and by exercising discretion in its burden-sharing pressure. Blankenship's findings dismantle assumptions that burden-sharing is always desirable but difficult to obtain. Patrons, as the book reveals, can in fact be reluctant to seek burden-sharing, and attempts to pass defense costs to allies can often be successful. At a time when skepticism of alliance benefits remains high and global power shifts threaten longstanding pacts, The Burden-Sharing Dilemma recalls and reconceives the value of burden-sharing and alliances.
Book Synopsis Us Hegemony, American Troops Abroad and Burden-Sharing by : Nobuki Kawasaki
Download or read book Us Hegemony, American Troops Abroad and Burden-Sharing written by Nobuki Kawasaki and published by . This book was released on 2025 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kawasaki, Sakade, Zimmerman, and their contributors examine the historical development of burden-sharing among the US and its allies after the Second World War, looking at examples from Western Europe and East Asia. Through a series of case studies, the contributors to this volume identify the characteristics and historical transformations in the burden sharing relationships between the US and its allies. In addition to diplomatic and security concerns, they also look at the economic and financial dimensions of burden sharing and how all these elements are intertwined. They also address the different dynamics of burden sharing between the US and Western Europe - notably Germany and the UK - on the one hand, and between the US and East Asia - particularly Japan and Korea - on the other. In particular, they argue that while Western European countries provided most of the economic and political support for American policies until the 1960s, the economic support from East Asian countries became much more important from the 1970s onwards. A valuable contribution to the literature on burden sharing and strategic alliance for scholars of international relations and the diplomatic history of the Cold War.
Book Synopsis US Hegemony, American Troops Abroad and Burden-Sharing by : Nobuki Kawasaki
Download or read book US Hegemony, American Troops Abroad and Burden-Sharing written by Nobuki Kawasaki and published by . This book was released on 2025 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Kawasaki, Sakade, Zimmerman, and their contributors examine the historical development of burden-sharing among the US and its allies after the Second World War, looking at examples from Western Europe and East Asia. Through a series of case studies, the contributors to this volume identify the characteristics and historical transformations in the burden sharing relationships between the US and its allies. In addition to diplomatic and security concerns, they also look at the economic and financial dimensions of burden sharing and how all these elements are intertwined. They also address the different dynamics of burden sharing between the US and Western Europe -notably Germany and the UK - on the one hand, and between the US and East Asia - particularly Japan and Korea - on the other. In particular, they argue that while Western European countries provided most of the economic and political support for American policies until the 1960s, the economic support from East Asian countries became much more important from the 1970s onwards. A valuable contribution to the literature on burden sharing and strategic alliance for scholars of international relations and the diplomatic history of the Cold War"--
Book Synopsis The U. S. - Japan Alliance by : Robert F. Reed
Download or read book The U. S. - Japan Alliance written by Robert F. Reed and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1998-04 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Only of late has defense "burden sharing" emerged as a key issue in U.S.-Japanese relations. This monograph examines the legal, political, economic, and attitudinal constraints inhibiting the Japanese from contributing more to their defense. Includes discussion on the legal obligation of burden sharing; indicators of contribution to defense; legal, policy, and political constraints; Japan's defense contribution and some initiatives for increased burden sharing; and U.S. strategy to influence Japan's contribution. Charts and tables.
Book Synopsis U. S. - NATO Burden Sharing by : Paul A. Smith (Jr)
Download or read book U. S. - NATO Burden Sharing written by Paul A. Smith (Jr) and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1994 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since NATO's establishment in 1949, the cost of providing for the collective protection of the alliance was to "be shared equitably among the member countries." This report provides a historical presentation of defense burden sharing. Determines the status of U.S. burden sharing initiatives proposed to NATO allies since 1980 and the allies' responsiveness to those initiatives, (2) the allies' record in meeting their military commitments, and (3) the effect of future force reductions on defense burden sharing. Charts and tables.
Book Synopsis Burden-sharing in NATO by : Simon Lunn
Download or read book Burden-sharing in NATO written by Simon Lunn and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-01-26 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, first published in 1983, analyses the debate around burden-sharing in NATO, where the main issue is the distribution amongst the allies of the burden of maintaining the security arrangement. This raises problems of defining, measuring and comparing the defence efforts of the various countries. This book examines the issues, and argues for the need to address directly the fundamental problems concerning the Cold War security relationship between the United States and Western Europe.
Book Synopsis U.S.-NATO Burden Sharing by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book U.S.-NATO Burden Sharing written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gdp-Based Burden Sharing in NATO: The Politics of Defense Financing - Study of Military Spending by Allies Germany, France, Poland, Italy, Greece, Def by : U. S. Military
Download or read book Gdp-Based Burden Sharing in NATO: The Politics of Defense Financing - Study of Military Spending by Allies Germany, France, Poland, Italy, Greece, Def written by U. S. Military and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-09-06 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NATO Allies agreed at the September 2014 Wales Summit to spend at least two percent of their gross domestic products (GDPs) on defense by 2024. This commitment has become a point of contention among the Allies and a distraction from the imperative of improving the Alliance's burden sharing system. The GDP-based burden sharing policy has not proven to be effective or fair, and its implementation has been subject to national political and economic constraints. NATO as a whole has struggled to sufficiently fund the capabilities necessary for its mission effectiveness, even as individual Allies (above all, the United States) have spent enormous amounts on defense. At the same time, some Allies have made significant security contributions
Book Synopsis America's Allies and War by : J. Davidson
Download or read book America's Allies and War written by J. Davidson and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2011-03-24 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do Britain, France, and Italy provide or refuse military support for U.S.-led uses of force? This book provides a unique, multiple-case study analysis of transatlantic burden-sharing. Sixty original interviews with top policymakers and analysts provide insight into allies' decisions regarding the Kosovo War, Afghanistan, and the Iraq War.
Book Synopsis The US, NATO and Military Burden-Sharing by : Stephen J. Cimbala
Download or read book The US, NATO and Military Burden-Sharing written by Stephen J. Cimbala and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-10-21 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study establishes that the political, economic and military-technological changes that transform the international system also alter the way in which a state views its and others' responsibilities and burdens for responding to international crises. It assesses the distribution of the costs of raising and supporting arms of service, the risks of deploying them overseas and using them in combat or peace operations, and the extent to which members have a responsibility for maintaining international order in the context of three instances of multinational military intervention: the Multinational Force deployment in Lebanon in 1982-83; the first Persian Gulf War in 1990-91; and the UN and NATO intervention in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
Book Synopsis U.S.-NATO Burden Sharing by : United States Accounting Office (GAO)
Download or read book U.S.-NATO Burden Sharing written by United States Accounting Office (GAO) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S.-NATO Burden Sharing: Allies' Contributions to Common Defense During the 1980s
Book Synopsis U.S. Defense Burden Sharing with Japan and NATO Allies by : Joseph E. Kelley
Download or read book U.S. Defense Burden Sharing with Japan and NATO Allies written by Joseph E. Kelley and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stepping Up: Burden Sharing by NATO's Newest Members by : Strategic Studies Institute
Download or read book Stepping Up: Burden Sharing by NATO's Newest Members written by Strategic Studies Institute and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2015-01-18 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Burden sharing is back. Indeed many observers of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Alliance would claim that it never went away. This is because, from its inception in 1949, NATO has never been an alliance of equals. The United States has always made the overwhelmingly larger contribution, not only for the defense of Europe under Article 5 of the NATO Treaty, but also in the numerous operations that the Alliance has carried out beyond Europe since the end of the Cold War. At one stage in the late-1950s, the United States had nearly 400,000 troops and 7,000 nuclear weapons deployed in Western Europe. It also maintained large stocks of pre-positioned equipment and sent thousands of more troops back to Europe every year for reinforcement and exercises.
Book Synopsis U.S.-NATO Burden Sharing by : Albert H. Huntington
Download or read book U.S.-NATO Burden Sharing written by Albert H. Huntington and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reluctant Warriors by : Alexandra Sakaki
Download or read book Reluctant Warriors written by Alexandra Sakaki and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2019-11-26 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can Germany and Japan do more militarily to uphold the international order? Since the end of World War II, Germany and Japan have been the most reluctant of all major U.S. allies to take on military responsibilities. Given their histories, this reluctance certainly is understandable. But because of their size and economic importance, Germany and Japan are the most important U.S. allies in Europe and in East Asia, respectively, and their long-term reluctance to share the defense burden has become a perennial source of frustration for Washington. The potential security roles of Germany and Japan are becoming increasingly important given the uncertainty, indeed volatility, of today’s international environment. Under President Trump, friction among allies over burden-sharing is more intense than ever before. Meanwhile, the security environments in Europe and Asia have deteriorated because of the resurgence of a belligerent Russia under Vladimir Putin, the steady rise of an increasingly assertive China, and North Korea’s worrisome acquisition of nuclear weapons. Partly in response to these developments, Germany and Japan in recent years have boosted their security efforts, mainly by increasing defense spending and taking on a somewhat broader range of military missions. Even so, because of their cultures of anti-militarism resistance remains strong in both countries to rebuilding the military and assuming more responsibility for sustaining regional or even global peace. In Reluctant Warriors, a team of noted international experts critically examines how and why Germany and Japan have modified their military postures since 1990 so far, and assesses how far the countries still have to go—and why. The contributors also highlight the risks the United States takes if it makes too simplistic a demand for the two countries to “do more.”
Book Synopsis Struggling for Security by : Tad Andrew Schnaufer (II)
Download or read book Struggling for Security written by Tad Andrew Schnaufer (II) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the founding of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), US administrations have criticized their European allies for not meeting security burden-sharing goals. This study aims to gain insight into what factors motivate alliance members to contribute to the burden-sharing objectives they have agreed to achieve. From a US perspective, the need for its European allies to reach these goals will allow the United States to shift resources to more pressing strategic challenges like the rise of China. Informed by Mancur Olson’s theory of collective action and Glenn Snyder’s concept of the security dilemma in alliances, this project tests the hypothesis that the more a NATO ally’s foreign policy interests align with those of the United States, the less that ally will spend on defense as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This study uses a mixed-methods approach. The primary metric measuring an ally’s contribution is the percentage of its GDP spent on defense. Furthermore, this study breaks NATO’s history into three geopolitical periods: the Cold War (1950 to 1990), the Post-Cold War (1991 to 2006), and the Resurgent period (2007 to 2019). The analysis yields robust support for the theory in periods lacking a major threat (i.e., the Post-Cold War). That means the more aligned an ally’s foreign policy preferences are with the United States, the less that ally spends on defense as a percentage of its GDP in such periods. The implications of these findings suggest that with the intensified threat of Russia made apparent with its attack on Ukraine in 2022, burden sharing in the NATO alliance will be less of a problem for the US in the immediate future. However, when this threat recedes, the burden-sharing issue will return, and the United States will have to send credible signals (like withdrawing troops from Europe) to its allies to cause them to question US protection and increase defense spending.
