Brain Computations And Connectivity

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Brain Computations and Connectivity

Author : Edmund T. Rolls
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198887922
Total Pages : 1174 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Brain Computations and Connectivity by : Edmund T. Rolls

Download or read book Brain Computations and Connectivity written by Edmund T. Rolls and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-07-11 with total page 1174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read on the Oxford Academic platform and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Brain Computations and Connectivity is about how the brain works. In order to understand this, it is essential to know what is computed by different brain systems; and how the computations are performed. The aim of this book is to elucidate what is computed in different brain systems; and to describe current biologically plausible computational approaches and models of how each of these brain systems computes. Understanding the brain in this way has enormous potential for understanding ourselves better in health and in disease. Potential applications of this understanding are to the treatment of the brain in disease; and to artificial intelligence which will benefit from knowledge of how the brain performs many of its extraordinarily impressive functions. This book is pioneering in taking this approach to brain function: to consider what is computed by many of our brain systems; and how it is computed, and updates by much new evidence including the connectivity of the human brain the earlier book: Rolls (2021) Brain Computations: What and How, Oxford University Press. Brain Computations and Connectivity will be of interest to all scientists interested in brain function and how the brain works, whether they are from neuroscience, or from medical sciences including neurology and psychiatry, or from the area of computational science including machine learning and artificial intelligence, or from areas such as theoretical physics.

Brain Computations

Author : Edmund T. Rolls
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198871104
Total Pages : 954 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Brain Computations by : Edmund T. Rolls

Download or read book Brain Computations written by Edmund T. Rolls and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2021-01-07 with total page 954 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to understand how the brain works, it is essential to know WHAT is computed by different brain systems, and HOW those computations are performed. This is the aim of Brain Computations: What and How. Pioneering in its approach, this book will be of interest to all scientists interested in brain function and how the brain works

Brain Computation as Hierarchical Abstraction

Author : Dana H. Ballard
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262028611
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Brain Computation as Hierarchical Abstraction by : Dana H. Ballard

Download or read book Brain Computation as Hierarchical Abstraction written by Dana H. Ballard and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2015-02-20 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument that the complexities of brain function can be understood hierarchically, in terms of different levels of abstraction, as silicon computing is.

From Neuron to Cognition via Computational Neuroscience

Author : Michael A. Arbib
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262034964
Total Pages : 810 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis From Neuron to Cognition via Computational Neuroscience by : Michael A. Arbib

Download or read book From Neuron to Cognition via Computational Neuroscience written by Michael A. Arbib and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-11-11 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, integrated, and accessible textbook presenting core neuroscientific topics from a computational perspective, tracing a path from cells and circuits to behavior and cognition. This textbook presents a wide range of subjects in neuroscience from a computational perspective. It offers a comprehensive, integrated introduction to core topics, using computational tools to trace a path from neurons and circuits to behavior and cognition. Moreover, the chapters show how computational neuroscience—methods for modeling the causal interactions underlying neural systems—complements empirical research in advancing the understanding of brain and behavior. The chapters—all by leaders in the field, and carefully integrated by the editors—cover such subjects as action and motor control; neuroplasticity, neuromodulation, and reinforcement learning; vision; and language—the core of human cognition. The book can be used for advanced undergraduate or graduate level courses. It presents all necessary background in neuroscience beyond basic facts about neurons and synapses and general ideas about the structure and function of the human brain. Students should be familiar with differential equations and probability theory, and be able to pick up the basics of programming in MATLAB and/or Python. Slides, exercises, and other ancillary materials are freely available online, and many of the models described in the chapters are documented in the brain operation database, BODB (which is also described in a book chapter). Contributors Michael A. Arbib, Joseph Ayers, James Bednar, Andrej Bicanski, James J. Bonaiuto, Nicolas Brunel, Jean-Marie Cabelguen, Carmen Canavier, Angelo Cangelosi, Richard P. Cooper, Carlos R. Cortes, Nathaniel Daw, Paul Dean, Peter Ford Dominey, Pierre Enel, Jean-Marc Fellous, Stefano Fusi, Wulfram Gerstner, Frank Grasso, Jacqueline A. Griego, Ziad M. Hafed, Michael E. Hasselmo, Auke Ijspeert, Stephanie Jones, Daniel Kersten, Jeremie Knuesel, Owen Lewis, William W. Lytton, Tomaso Poggio, John Porrill, Tony J. Prescott, John Rinzel, Edmund Rolls, Jonathan Rubin, Nicolas Schweighofer, Mohamed A. Sherif, Malle A. Tagamets, Paul F. M. J. Verschure, Nathan Vierling-Claasen, Xiao-Jing Wang, Christopher Williams, Ransom Winder, Alan L. Yuille

Brain Computation as Hierarchical Abstraction

Author : Dana Harry Ballard
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780262323819
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Brain Computation as Hierarchical Abstraction by : Dana Harry Ballard

Download or read book Brain Computation as Hierarchical Abstraction written by Dana Harry Ballard and published by . This book was released on 2015-02-20 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument that the complexities of brain function can be understood hierarchically, in terms of different levels of abstraction, as silicon computing is. The vast differences between the brain's neural circuitry and a computer's silicon circuitry might suggest that they have nothing in common. In fact, as Dana Ballard argues in this book, computational tools are essential for understanding brain function. Ballard shows that the hierarchical organization of the brain has many parallels with the hierarchical organization of computing; as in silicon computing, the complexities of brain computation can be dramatically simplified when its computation is factored into different levels of abstraction. Drawing on several decades of progress in computational neuroscience, together with recent results in Bayesian and reinforcement learning methodologies, Ballard factors the brain's principal computational issues in terms of their natural place in an overall hierarchy. Each of these factors leads to a fresh perspective. A neural level focuses on the basic forebrain functions and shows how processing demands dictate the extensive use of timing-based circuitry and an overall organization of tabular memories. An embodiment level organization works in reverse, making extensive use of multiplexing and on-demand processing to achieve fast parallel computation. An awareness level focuses on the brain's representations of emotion, attention and consciousness, showing that they can operate with great economy in the context of the neural and embodiment substrates.

The Computational Brain, 25th Anniversary Edition

Author : Patricia S. Churchland
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262533391
Total Pages : 569 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis The Computational Brain, 25th Anniversary Edition by : Patricia S. Churchland

Download or read book The Computational Brain, 25th Anniversary Edition written by Patricia S. Churchland and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-11-04 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An anniversary edition of the classic work that influenced a generation of neuroscientists and cognitive neuroscientists. Before The Computational Brain was published in 1992, conceptual frameworks for brain function were based on the behavior of single neurons, applied globally. In The Computational Brain, Patricia Churchland and Terrence Sejnowski developed a different conceptual framework, based on large populations of neurons. They did this by showing that patterns of activities among the units in trained artificial neural network models had properties that resembled those recorded from populations of neurons recorded one at a time. It is one of the first books to bring together computational concepts and behavioral data within a neurobiological framework. Aimed at a broad audience of neuroscientists, computer scientists, cognitive scientists, and philosophers, The Computational Brain is written for both expert and novice. This anniversary edition offers a new preface by the authors that puts the book in the context of current research. This approach influenced a generation of researchers. Even today, when neuroscientists can routinely record from hundreds of neurons using optics rather than electricity, and the 2013 White House BRAIN initiative heralded a new era in innovative neurotechnologies, the main message of The Computational Brain is still relevant.

Lectures in Supercomputational Neuroscience

Author : Peter Graben
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540731598
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Lectures in Supercomputational Neuroscience by : Peter Graben

Download or read book Lectures in Supercomputational Neuroscience written by Peter Graben and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-10-19 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written from the physicist’s perspective, this book introduces computational neuroscience with in-depth contributions by system neuroscientists. The authors set forth a conceptual model for complex networks of neurons that incorporates important features of the brain. The computational implementation on supercomputers, discussed in detail, enables you to adapt the algorithm for your own research. Worked-out examples of applications are provided.

Fundamentals of Computational Neuroscience

Author : Thomas Trappenberg
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192696122
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Computational Neuroscience by : Thomas Trappenberg

Download or read book Fundamentals of Computational Neuroscience written by Thomas Trappenberg and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-08 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational neuroscience is the theoretical study of the brain to uncover the principles and mechanisms that guide the development, organization, information processing, and mental functions of the nervous system. Although not a new area, it is only recently that enough knowledge has been gathered to establish computational neuroscience as a scientific discipline in its own right. Given the complexity of the field, and its increasing importance in progressing our understanding of how the brain works, there has long been a need for an introductory text on what is often assumed to be an impenetrable topic. The new edition of Fundamentals of Computational Neuroscience build on the success and strengths of the previous editions. It introduces the theoretical foundations of neuroscience with a focus on the nature of information processing in the brain. The book covers the introduction and motivation of simplified models of neurons that are suitable for exploring information processing in large brain-like networks. Additionally, it introduces several fundamental network architectures and discusses their relevance for information processing in the brain, giving some examples of models of higher-order cognitive functions to demonstrate the advanced insight that can be gained with such studies. Each chapter starts by introducing its topic with experimental facts and conceptual questions related to the study of brain function. An additional feature is the inclusion of simple Matlab programs that can be used to explore many of the mechanisms explained in the book. An accompanying webpage includes programs for download. The book will be the essential text for anyone in the brain sciences who wants to get to grips with this topic.

Computational Explorations in Cognitive Neuroscience

Author : Randall C. O'Reilly
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262650540
Total Pages : 540 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Computational Explorations in Cognitive Neuroscience by : Randall C. O'Reilly

Download or read book Computational Explorations in Cognitive Neuroscience written by Randall C. O'Reilly and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2000-08-28 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text, based on a course taught by Randall O'Reilly and Yuko Munakata over the past several years, provides an in-depth introduction to the main ideas in the computational cognitive neuroscience. The goal of computational cognitive neuroscience is to understand how the brain embodies the mind by using biologically based computational models comprising networks of neuronlike units. This text, based on a course taught by Randall O'Reilly and Yuko Munakata over the past several years, provides an in-depth introduction to the main ideas in the field. The neural units in the simulations use equations based directly on the ion channels that govern the behavior of real neurons, and the neural networks incorporate anatomical and physiological properties of the neocortex. Thus the text provides the student with knowledge of the basic biology of the brain as well as the computational skills needed to simulate large-scale cognitive phenomena. The text consists of two parts. The first part covers basic neural computation mechanisms: individual neurons, neural networks, and learning mechanisms. The second part covers large-scale brain area organization and cognitive phenomena: perception and attention, memory, language, and higher-level cognition. The second part is relatively self-contained and can be used separately for mechanistically oriented cognitive neuroscience courses. Integrated throughout the text are more than forty different simulation models, many of them full-scale research-grade models, with friendly interfaces and accompanying exercises. The simulation software (PDP++, available for all major platforms) and simulations can be downloaded free of charge from the Web. Exercise solutions are available, and the text includes full information on the software.

Cerebral Cortex

Author : Edmund T. Rolls
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198784856
Total Pages : 979 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Cerebral Cortex by : Edmund T. Rolls

Download or read book Cerebral Cortex written by Edmund T. Rolls and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 979 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides insights into the principles of operation of the cerebral cortex. These principles are key to understanding how we, as humans, function. The book includes Appendices on the operation of many of the neuronal networks described in the book, together with simulation software written in Matlab.

From Computer to Brain

Author : William W. Lytton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387227334
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)

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Book Synopsis From Computer to Brain by : William W. Lytton

Download or read book From Computer to Brain written by William W. Lytton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology undergraduates, medical students and life-science graduate students often have limited mathematical skills. Similarly, physics, math and engineering students have little patience for the detailed facts that make up much of biological knowledge. Teaching computational neuroscience as an integrated discipline requires that both groups be brought forward onto common ground. This book does this by making ancillary material available in an appendix and providing basic explanations without becoming bogged down in unnecessary details. The book will be suitable for undergraduates and beginning graduate students taking a computational neuroscience course and also to anyone with an interest in the uses of the computer in modeling the nervous system.

After Digital

Author : James A. Anderson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019935779X
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis After Digital by : James A. Anderson

Download or read book After Digital written by James A. Anderson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-03 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current computer technology doubles in in power roughly every two years, an increase called "Moore's Law." This constant increase is predicted to come to an end soon. Digital technology will change. Although digital computers dominate today's world, there are alternative ways to "compute" which might be better and more efficient than digital computation. After Digital looks at where the field of computation began and where it might be headed, and offers predictions about a collaborative future relationship between human cognition and mechanical computation. James A. Anderson, a pioneer of biologically inspired neural nets, presents two different kinds of computation-digital and analog--and gives examples of their history, function, and limitations. A third, the brain, falls somewhere in between these two forms, and is suggested as a computer architecture that is more capable of performing some specific important cognitive tasks-perception, reasoning, and intuition, for example- than a digital computer, even though the digital computer is constructed from far faster and more reliable basic elements. Anderson discusses the essentials of brain hardware, in particular, the cerebral cortex, and how cortical structure can influence the form taken by the computational operations underlying cognition. Topics include association, understanding complex systems through analogy, formation of abstractions, the biology of number and its use in arithmetic and mathematics, and computing across scales of organization. These applications, of great human interest, also form the goals of genuine artificial intelligence. After Digital will appeal to a broad cognitive science community, including computer scientists, philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists, as well as the curious science layreader, and will help to understand and shape future developments in computation.

Computational Neuroscience: Theoretical Insights into Brain Function

Author : Paul Cisek
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080555027
Total Pages : 570 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Computational Neuroscience: Theoretical Insights into Brain Function by : Paul Cisek

Download or read book Computational Neuroscience: Theoretical Insights into Brain Function written by Paul Cisek and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-11-14 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational neuroscience is a relatively new but rapidly expanding area of research which is becoming increasingly influential in shaping the way scientists think about the brain. Computational approaches have been applied at all levels of analysis, from detailed models of single-channel function, transmembrane currents, single-cell electrical activity, and neural signaling to broad theories of sensory perception, memory, and cognition. This book provides a snapshot of this exciting new field by bringing together chapters on a diversity of topics from some of its most important contributors. This includes chapters on neural coding in single cells, in small networks, and across the entire cerebral cortex, visual processing from the retina to object recognition, neural processing of auditory, vestibular, and electromagnetic stimuli, pattern generation, voluntary movement and posture, motor learning, decision-making and cognition, and algorithms for pattern recognition. Each chapter provides a bridge between a body of data on neural function and a mathematical approach used to interpret and explain that data. These contributions demonstrate how computational approaches have become an essential tool which is integral in many aspects of brain science, from the interpretation of data to the design of new experiments, and to the growth of our understanding of neural function. • Includes contributions by some of the most influential people in the field of computational neuroscience • Demonstrates how computational approaches are being used today to interpret experimental data • Covers a wide range of topics from single neurons, to neural systems, to abstract models of learning

Active Inference

Author : Thomas Parr
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262362287
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Active Inference by : Thomas Parr

Download or read book Active Inference written by Thomas Parr and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-03-29 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive treatment of active inference, an integrative perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior used across multiple disciplines. Active inference is a way of understanding sentient behavior—a theory that characterizes perception, planning, and action in terms of probabilistic inference. Developed by theoretical neuroscientist Karl Friston over years of groundbreaking research, active inference provides an integrated perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior that is increasingly used across multiple disciplines including neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy. Active inference puts the action into perception. This book offers the first comprehensive treatment of active inference, covering theory, applications, and cognitive domains. Active inference is a “first principles” approach to understanding behavior and the brain, framed in terms of a single imperative to minimize free energy. The book emphasizes the implications of the free energy principle for understanding how the brain works. It first introduces active inference both conceptually and formally, contextualizing it within current theories of cognition. It then provides specific examples of computational models that use active inference to explain such cognitive phenomena as perception, attention, memory, and planning.

An Introductory Course in Computational Neuroscience

Author : Paul Miller
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262038250
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introductory Course in Computational Neuroscience by : Paul Miller

Download or read book An Introductory Course in Computational Neuroscience written by Paul Miller and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2018-10-02 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A textbook for students with limited background in mathematics and computer coding, emphasizing computer tutorials that guide readers in producing models of neural behavior. This introductory text teaches students to understand, simulate, and analyze the complex behaviors of individual neurons and brain circuits. It is built around computer tutorials that guide students in producing models of neural behavior, with the associated Matlab code freely available online. From these models students learn how individual neurons function and how, when connected, neurons cooperate in a circuit. The book demonstrates through simulated models how oscillations, multistability, post-stimulus rebounds, and chaos can arise within either single neurons or circuits, and it explores their roles in the brain. The book first presents essential background in neuroscience, physics, mathematics, and Matlab, with explanations illustrated by many example problems. Subsequent chapters cover the neuron and spike production; single spike trains and the underlying cognitive processes; conductance-based models; the simulation of synaptic connections; firing-rate models of large-scale circuit operation; dynamical systems and their components; synaptic plasticity; and techniques for analysis of neuron population datasets, including principal components analysis, hidden Markov modeling, and Bayesian decoding. Accessible to undergraduates in life sciences with limited background in mathematics and computer coding, the book can be used in a “flipped” or “inverted” teaching approach, with class time devoted to hands-on work on the computer tutorials. It can also be a resource for graduate students in the life sciences who wish to gain computing skills and a deeper knowledge of neural function and neural circuits.

Networks of the Brain

Author : Olaf Sporns
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262528983
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Networks of the Brain by : Olaf Sporns

Download or read book Networks of the Brain written by Olaf Sporns and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-02-12 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrative overview of network approaches to neuroscience explores the origins of brain complexity and the link between brain structure and function. Over the last decade, the study of complex networks has expanded across diverse scientific fields. Increasingly, science is concerned with the structure, behavior, and evolution of complex systems ranging from cells to ecosystems. In Networks of the Brain, Olaf Sporns describes how the integrative nature of brain function can be illuminated from a complex network perspective. Highlighting the many emerging points of contact between neuroscience and network science, the book serves to introduce network theory to neuroscientists and neuroscience to those working on theoretical network models. Sporns emphasizes how networks connect levels of organization in the brain and how they link structure to function, offering an informal and nonmathematical treatment of the subject. Networks of the Brain provides a synthesis of the sciences of complex networks and the brain that will be an essential foundation for future research.

Space-Time Computing with Temporal Neural Networks

Author : James E. Smith
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1627058907
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis Space-Time Computing with Temporal Neural Networks by : James E. Smith

Download or read book Space-Time Computing with Temporal Neural Networks written by James E. Smith and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2017-05-18 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding and implementing the brain's computational paradigm is the one true grand challenge facing computer researchers. Not only are the brain's computational capabilities far beyond those of conventional computers, its energy efficiency is truly remarkable. This book, written from the perspective of a computer designer and targeted at computer researchers, is intended to give both background and lay out a course of action for studying the brain's computational paradigm. It contains a mix of concepts and ideas drawn from computational neuroscience, combined with those of the author. As background, relevant biological features are described in terms of their computational and communication properties. The brain's neocortex is constructed of massively interconnected neurons that compute and communicate via voltage spikes, and a strong argument can be made that precise spike timing is an essential element of the paradigm. Drawing from the biological features, a mathematics-based computational paradigm is constructed. The key feature is spiking neurons that perform communication and processing in space-time, with emphasis on time. In these paradigms, time is used as a freely available resource for both communication and computation. Neuron models are first discussed in general, and one is chosen for detailed development. Using the model, single-neuron computation is first explored. Neuron inputs are encoded as spike patterns, and the neuron is trained to identify input pattern similarities. Individual neurons are building blocks for constructing larger ensembles, referred to as "columns". These columns are trained in an unsupervised manner and operate collectively to perform the basic cognitive function of pattern clustering. Similar input patterns are mapped to a much smaller set of similar output patterns, thereby dividing the input patterns into identifiable clusters. Larger cognitive systems are formed by combining columns into a hierarchical architecture. These higher level architectures are the subject of ongoing study, and progress to date is described in detail in later chapters. Simulation plays a major role in model development, and the simulation infrastructure developed by the author is described.