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Birth Of Scientific Ecology
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Book Synopsis Birth of Scientific Ecology by : Patrick Matagne
Download or read book Birth of Scientific Ecology written by Patrick Matagne and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-02-21 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a biography of the Danish botanist Eugen Warming. As the author of a treatise on ecology that brought him international recognition, he was able to inspire the first generation of 20th-century European and American ecologists. His innovative approach to nature and his Arctic and tropical missions heralded the birth of a new science and an ecological awareness. As a professor at several Scandinavian universities during a period of intense debate and controversy over evolutionary theories, Eugen Warming vigorously asserted his convictions. Birth of Scientific Ecology presents the image of a man of knowledge and power, recognized by his contemporaries as a founder of ecology and a player in the ecological project of the Kingdom of Denmark at a time when the empires were clashing.
Book Synopsis The Death of Nature by : Carolyn Merchant
Download or read book The Death of Nature written by Carolyn Merchant and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: UPDATED 40TH ANNIVERSARY EDITION WITH 2020 PREFACE An examination of the Scientific Revolution that shows how the mechanistic world view of modern science has sanctioned the exploitation of nature, unrestrained commercial expansion, and a new socioeconomic order that subordinates women.
Download or read book Big Ecology written by David C. Coleman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2010-05-14 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Big Ecology, David C. Coleman documents his historically fruitful ecological collaborations in the early years of studying large ecosystems in the United States. As Coleman explains, the concept of the ecosystem—a local biological community and its interactions with its environment—has given rise to many institutions and research programs, like the National Science Foundation’s program for Long Term Ecological Research. Coleman’s insider account of this important and fascinating trend toward big science takes us from the paradigm of collaborative interdisciplinary research, starting with the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957, through the International Biological Program (IBP) of the late 1960s and early 1970s, to the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) programs of the 1980s.
Book Synopsis The Evolution of American Ecology, 1890-2000 by : Sharon E. Kingsland
Download or read book The Evolution of American Ecology, 1890-2000 written by Sharon E. Kingsland and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1890s, several initiatives in American botany converged. The creation of new institutions, such as the New York Botanical Garden, coincided with radical reforms in taxonomic practice and the emergence of an experimental program of research on evolutionary problems. Sharon Kingsland explores how these changes gave impetus to the new field of ecology that was defined at exactly this time. She argues that the creation of institutions and research laboratories, coupled with new intellectual directions in science, were crucial to the development of ecology as a discipline in the United States. The main concern of ecology - the relationship between organisms and environment - was central to scientific studies aimed at understanding and controlling the evolutionary process. Kingsland considers the evolutionary context in which ecology arose, especially neo-Lamarckian ideas and the new mutation theory, and explores the relationship between scientific research and broader theories about social progress and the evolution of human civilization. By midcentury, American ecologists were leading the rapid development of ecosystem ecology. and society in the postwar context, foreshadowing the environmental critiques of the 1960s. As the ecosystem concept evolved, so too did debates about how human ecology should be incorporated into the biological sciences. Kingsland concludes with an examination of ecology in the modern urban environment, reflecting on how scientists are now being challenged to produce innovative responses to pressing problems. The Evolution of American Ecology, 1890-2000 offers an innovative study not only of the scientific landscape in turn-of-the-century America, but of current questions in ecological science.
Book Synopsis The European Origins of Scientific Ecology by : Pascal Acot
Download or read book The European Origins of Scientific Ecology written by Pascal Acot and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-01-07 with total page 973 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few decades, historians of scientific ecology have brought to light the role of the European scientists who have laid the basic cornerstones of modern ecology between the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. The foundations of geobotany were laid by Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859), Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle (1778-1841), Alphonse Jules Dureau de la Malle (1777-1857), Gaston Bonnier (1853-1922) and Charles Flahault (1852-1935); biocenotics, by Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802), Charles Lyell (1797-1875), Pierre-François Verhulst (1804-1849), Charles Darwin (1809-1882), Karl Moebius (1825-1908), Charles Valentine-Riley (1843-1895), and François-Alphonse Forel (1841-1912); agrochemistry and microbiology by Justus von Liebig (1803-1873), Jean-Baptiste Boussingault (1802-1887), and Stanislas Winogradski (1856-1953); the taxonomy of communities by August Heinrich Grisebach (1813-1879), Anton Kerner von Marilaün (1831-1898), Alphonse de Candolle (1806-1893), and Charles Flahault; and anthropogeography by Karl Ritter (1779-1859), Elisée Reclus (1830-1905), and Friederich Ratzel (1844-1904). Together, they created the conditions that, with Eugenius Warming (1841-1924), gave birth to the autonomous discipline of scientific ecology, thirty years after the German biologist Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) had christened this new branch of biology. Up to now, the writings of these scientists have been scattered in various publications that were often not accessible, which made a comparative study almost impossible. There was thus a need to bring together the primary sources in their original form, pagination, and language (whenever possible, a version of the text has been made available in a second language as well). They are gathered here in two volumes, in an analytical framework that aids in understanding their relevant historical context and significance. To deal with the complex multidisciplinary roots of the history of ecology, Pascal Acot has brought together a group of historians with authoritative knowledge of the field's various sub-branches, without ever losing sight of ecology's relationship to the broader history of biology and the environmental sciences.
Book Synopsis Making Nature Whole by : William R. Jordan
Download or read book Making Nature Whole written by William R. Jordan and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2011-07-26 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making Nature Whole is a seminal volume that presents an in-depth history of the field of ecological restoration as it has developed in the United States over the last three decades. The authors draw from both published and unpublished sources, including archival materials and oral histories from early practitioners, to explore the development of the field and its importance to environmental management as well as to the larger environmental movement and our understanding of the world. Considering antecedents as varied as monastic gardens, the Scientific Revolution, and the emerging nature-awareness of nineteenth-century Romantics and Transcendentalists, Jordan and Lubick offer unique insight into the field's philosophical and theoretical underpinnings. They examine specifically the more recent history, including the story of those who first attempted to recreate natural ecosystems early in the 20th century, as well as those who over the past few decades have realized the value of this approach not only as a critical element in conservation but also as a context for negotiating the ever-changing relationship between humans and the natural environment. Making Nature Whole is a landmark contribution, providing context and history regarding a distinctive form of land management and giving readers a fascinating overview of the development of the field. It is essential reading for anyone interested in understanding where ecological restoration came from or where it might be going.
Book Synopsis A History of the Ecosystem Concept in Ecology by : Frank B. Golley
Download or read book A History of the Ecosystem Concept in Ecology written by Frank B. Golley and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ecosystem concept--the idea that flora and fauna interact with the environment to form an ecological complex--has long been central to the public perception of ecology and to increasing awareness of environmental degradation. In this book an eminent ecologist explains the ecosystem concept, tracing its evolution, describing how numerous American and European researchers contributed to its evolution, and discussing the explosive growth of ecosystem studies. Golley surveys the development of the ecosystem concept in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and discusses the coining of the term ecosystem by the English ecologist Sir Arthur George Tansley in 1935. He then reviews how the American ecologist Raymond Lindeman applied the concept to a small lake in Minnesota and showed how the biota and the environment of the lake interacted through the exchange of energy. Golley describes how a seminal textbook on ecology written by Eugene P. Odum helped to popularize the ecosystem concept and how numerous other scientists investigated its principles and published their results. He relates how ecosystem studies dominated ecology in the 1960s and became a key element of the International Biological Program biome studies in the United States--a program aimed at "the betterment of mankind" specifically through conservation, human genetics, and improvements in the use of natural resources; how a study of watershed ecosystems in Hubbard Brook, New Hampshire, blazed new paths in ecosystem research by defining the limits of the system in a natural way; and how current research uses the ecosystem concept. Throughout Golley shows how the ecosystem concept has been shaped internationally by both developments in other disciplines and by personalities and politics.
Book Synopsis A Centennial History of the Ecological Society of America by : Frank N. Egerton
Download or read book A Centennial History of the Ecological Society of America written by Frank N. Egerton and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Celebrating its 100th anniversary in 2015, the Ecological Society of America (ESA) is currently the largest professional society devoted to the science of ecology. Divided into seven chapters, this book is an institutional history of the ESA. Beginning with the Society's inception, it describes the difficulties faced early on and ways in which it expanded. It describes important initiatives such as the International Biological Program, the Long Term Ecological Research programs, and establishing new journals, as well as recent programs including the National Ecological Observation Network.
Book Synopsis Citizen Science by : Janis L. Dickinson
Download or read book Citizen Science written by Janis L. Dickinson and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-07 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Citizen science enlists members of the public to make and record useful observations, such as counting birds in their backyards, watching for the first budding leaf in spring, or measuring local snowfall. The large numbers of volunteers who participate in projects such as Project FeederWatch or Project BudBurst collect valuable research data, which, when pooled together, create an enormous body of scientific data on a vast geographic scale. In return, such projects aim to increase participants' connections to science, place, and nature, while supporting science literacy and environmental stewardship. In Citizen Science, experts from a variety of disciplines—including scientists and education specialists working at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, where many large citizen science programs use birds as proxies for biodiversity—share their experiences of creating and implementing successful citizen science projects, primarily those that use massive data sets gathered by citizen scientists to better understand the impact of environmental change. This first and foundational book for this developing field of inquiry addresses basic aspects of how to conduct citizen science projects, including goal-setting, program design, and evaluation, as well as the nuances of creating a robust digital infrastructure and recruiting a large participant base through communications and marketing. An overview of the types of research approaches and techniques demonstrates how to make use of large data sets arising from citizen science projects. A final section focuses on citizen science's impacts and its broad connections to understanding the human dimensions and educational aspects of participation. Citizen Science teaches teams of program developers and researchers how to cross the bridge from success at public engagement to using citizen science data to understand patterns and trends or to test hypotheses about how ecological processes respond to change at large geographic scales. Intended as a resource for a broad audience of experts and practitioners in natural sciences, information science, and social sciences, this book can be used to better understand how to improve existing programs, develop new ones, and make better use of the data resources that have accumulated from citizen science efforts. Its focus on harnessing the impact of "crowdsourcing" for scientific and educational endeavors is applicable to a wide range of fields, especially those that touch on the importance of massive collaboration aimed at understanding and conserving what we can of the natural world.
Book Synopsis Science and Nature by : Carolyn Merchant
Download or read book Science and Nature written by Carolyn Merchant and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-07 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science and Nature brings together the work and insights of historian Carolyn Merchant on the history of science, environmental history, and ethics. The book explores her ideas about the interconnections among science, women, nature, and history as they have emerged over her academic lifetime. Focusing on topics such as "The Death of Nature," the Scientific Revolution, women in the history of science and environment, and partnership ethics, it synthesizes her writings and sets out a vision for the twenty-first century. Anyone interested in the interactions between science and nature in the past, present, and future will want to read this book. It is an ideal text for courses on the environment, environmental history, history of science, and the philosophy of science.
Book Synopsis Birth of Scientific Ecology by : Patrick Matagne
Download or read book Birth of Scientific Ecology written by Patrick Matagne and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-04-02 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a biography of the Danish botanist Eugen Warming. As the author of a treatise on ecology that brought him international recognition, he was able to inspire the first generation of 20th-century European and American ecologists. His innovative approach to nature and his Arctic and tropical missions heralded the birth of a new science and an ecological awareness. As a professor at several Scandinavian universities during a period of intense debate and controversy over evolutionary theories, Eugen Warming vigorously asserted his convictions. Birth of Scientific Ecology presents the image of a man of knowledge and power, recognized by his contemporaries as a founder of ecology and a player in the ecological project of the Kingdom of Denmark at a time when the empires were clashing.
Book Synopsis Pioneers of Ecological Restoration by : Franklin E. Court
Download or read book Pioneers of Ecological Restoration written by Franklin E. Court and published by University of Wisconsin Pres. This book was released on 2012-07-11 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internationally renowned for its pioneering role in the ecological restoration of tallgrass prairies, savannas, forests, and wetlands, the University of Wisconsin Arboretum contains the world’s oldest and most diverse restored ecological communities. A site for land restoration research, public environmental education, and enjoyment by nature lovers, the arboretum remains a vibrant treasure in the heart of Madison’s urban environment. Pioneers of Ecological Restoration chronicles the history of the arboretum and the people who created, shaped, and sustained it up to the present. Although the arboretum was established by the University of Wisconsin in 1932, author Franklin E. Court begins his history in 1910 with John Nolen, the famous landscape architect who was invited to create plans for the city of Madison, the university campus, and Wisconsin state parks. Drawing extensive details from archives and interviews, Court follows decades of collaborative work related to the arboretum’s lands, including the early efforts of Madison philanthropists and businessmen Michael Olbrich, Paul E. Stark, and Joseph W. “Bud” Jackson. With labor from the Civilian Conservation Corps during the 1930s Depression, University of Wisconsin scientists began establishing both a traditional horticultural collection of trees and plants and a completely new, visionary approach to recreate native ecosystems. Hundreds of dedicated scientists and staff have carried forward the arboretum’s mission in the decades since, among them G. William Longenecker, Aldo Leopold, John T. Curtis, Rosemary Fleming, Virginia Kline, and William R. Jordan III. This archival record of the arboretum’s history provides rare insights into how the mission of healing and restoring the land gradually shaped the arboretum’s future and its global reputation; how philosophical conflicts, campus politics, changing priorities, and the encroaching city have affected the arboretum over the decades; and how early aspirations (some still unrealized) have continued to motivate the work of this extraordinary institution.
Download or read book Scientist written by Richard Rhodes and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2023-10-17 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A masterful, timely, fully authorized biography of the great and hugely influential biologist and naturalist E. O. Wilson, one of the most ground-breaking and controversial scientists of our time—from the Pulitzer Prize-winning author of The Making of the Atomic Bomb “An impressive account of one of the 20th century’s most prominent biologists, for whom the natural world is ‘a sanctuary and a realm of boundless adventure; the fewer the people in it, the better.’” —The New York Times Book Review Few biologists in the long history of that science have been as productive, as ground-breaking and as controversial as the Alabama-born Edward Osborne Wilson. At 91 years of age he may be the most eminent American scientist in any field. Fascinated from an early age by the natural world in general and ants in particular, his field work on them and on all social insects has vastly expanded our knowledge of their many species and fascinating ways of being. This work led to his 1975 book Sociobiology, which created an intellectual firestorm from his contention that all animal behavior, including that of humans, is governed by the laws of evolution and genetics. Subsequently Wilson has become a leading voice on the crucial importance to all life of biodiversity and has worked tirelessly to synthesize the fields of science and the humanities in a fruitful way. Richard Rhodes is himself a towering figure in the field of science writing and he has had complete and unfettered access to Wilson, his associates, and his papers in writing this book. The result is one of the most accomplished and anticipated and urgently needed scientific biographies in years.
Book Synopsis Concepts of Biology by : Samantha Fowler
Download or read book Concepts of Biology written by Samantha Fowler and published by . This book was released on 2018-01-07 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concepts of Biology is designed for the single-semester introduction to biology course for non-science majors, which for many students is their only college-level science course. As such, this course represents an important opportunity for students to develop the necessary knowledge, tools, and skills to make informed decisions as they continue with their lives. Rather than being mired down with facts and vocabulary, the typical non-science major student needs information presented in a way that is easy to read and understand. Even more importantly, the content should be meaningful. Students do much better when they understand why biology is relevant to their everyday lives. For these reasons, Concepts of Biology is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand.We also strive to show the interconnectedness of topics within this extremely broad discipline. In order to meet the needs of today's instructors and students, we maintain the overall organization and coverage found in most syllabi for this course. A strength of Concepts of Biology is that instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Concepts of Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand--and apply--key concepts.
Book Synopsis The Norton History of the Environmental Sciences by : Peter J. Bowler
Download or read book The Norton History of the Environmental Sciences written by Peter J. Bowler and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 1993 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Norton History of the Environmental Sciences, Peter J. Bowler chronicles humanity's long quest to understand its own origins, brilliantly synthesizing the discoveries in geography, geology, and evolutionary biology that have brought us to our current knowledge of the fragility and connectedness of life on Earth and created the new science of ecology.
Book Synopsis Science and Nature by : Michael Shortland
Download or read book Science and Nature written by Michael Shortland and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essay on the Geography of Plants by : Alexander von Humboldt
Download or read book Essay on the Geography of Plants written by Alexander von Humboldt and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-07-15 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The legacy of Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) looms large over the natural sciences. His 1799–1804 research expedition to Central and South America with botanist Aimé Bonpland set the course for the great scientific surveys of the nineteenth century, and inspired such essayists and artists as Emerson, Goethe, Thoreau, Poe, and Church. The chronicles of the expedition were published in Paris after Humboldt’s return, and first among them was the 1807 “Essay on the Geography of Plants.” Among the most cited writings in natural history, after the works of Darwin and Wallace, this work appears here for the first time in a complete English-language translation. Covering far more than its title implies, it represents the first articulation of an integrative “science of the earth, ” encompassing most of today’s environmental sciences. Ecologist Stephen T. Jackson introduces the treatise and explains its enduring significance two centuries after its publication.
