Birth Of A Theorem

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Birth of a Theorem

Author : Cédric Villani
Publisher : Macmillan + ORM
ISBN 13 : 0374710236
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (747 download)

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Book Synopsis Birth of a Theorem by : Cédric Villani

Download or read book Birth of a Theorem written by Cédric Villani and published by Macmillan + ORM. This book was released on 2015-04-14 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2010, French mathematician Cédric Villani received the Fields Medal, the most coveted prize in mathematics, in recognition of a proof which he devised with his close collaborator Clément Mouhot to explain one of the most surprising theories in classical physics. Birth of aTheorem is Villani's own account of the years leading up to the award. It invites readers inside the mind of a great mathematician as he wrestles with the most important work of his career. But you don't have to understand nonlinear Landau damping to love Birth of aTheorem. It doesn't simplify or overexplain; rather, it invites readers into collaboration. Villani's diaries, emails, and musings enmesh you in the process of discovery. You join him in unproductive lulls and late-night breakthroughs. You're privy to the dining-hall conversations at the world's greatest research institutions. Villani shares his favorite songs, his love of manga, and the imaginative stories he tells his children. In mathematics, as in any creative work, it is the thinker's whole life that propels discovery—and with Birth of aTheorem, Cédric Villani welcomes you into his.

Euler's Pioneering Equation

Author : Robin Wilson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192514067
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Euler's Pioneering Equation by : Robin Wilson

Download or read book Euler's Pioneering Equation written by Robin Wilson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-02-22 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1988 The Mathematical Intelligencer, a quarterly mathematics journal, carried out a poll to find the most beautiful theorem in mathematics. Twenty-four theorems were listed and readers were invited to award each a 'score for beauty'. While there were many worthy competitors, the winner was 'Euler's equation'. In 2004 Physics World carried out a similar poll of 'greatest equations', and found that among physicists Euler's mathematical result came second only to Maxwell's equations. The Stanford mathematician Keith Devlin reflected the feelings of many in describing it as "like a Shakespearian sonnet that captures the very essence of love, or a painting which brings out the beauty of the human form that is far more than just skin deep, Euler's equation reaches down into the very depths of existence". What is it that makes Euler's identity, eiπ + 1 = 0, so special? In Euler's Pioneering Equation Robin Wilson shows how this simple, elegant, and profound formula links together perhaps the five most important numbers in mathematics, each associated with a story in themselves: the number 1, the basis of our counting system; the concept of zero, which was a major development in mathematics, and opened up the idea of negative numbers; π an irrational number, the basis for the measurement of circles; the exponential e, associated with exponential growth and logarithms; and the imaginary number i, the square root of -1, the basis of complex numbers. Following a chapter on each of the elements, Robin Wilson discusses how the startling relationship between them was established, including the several near misses to the discovery of the formula.

Euler's Gem

Author : David S. Richeson
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691191999
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Euler's Gem by : David S. Richeson

Download or read book Euler's Gem written by David S. Richeson and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-07-23 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How a simple equation reshaped mathematics Leonhard Euler’s polyhedron formula describes the structure of many objects—from soccer balls and gemstones to Buckminster Fuller’s buildings and giant all-carbon molecules. Yet Euler’s theorem is so simple it can be explained to a child. From ancient Greek geometry to today’s cutting-edge research, Euler’s Gem celebrates the discovery of Euler’s beloved polyhedron formula and its far-reaching impact on topology, the study of shapes. Using wonderful examples and numerous illustrations, David Richeson presents this mathematical idea’s many elegant and unexpected applications, such as showing why there is always some windless spot on earth, how to measure the acreage of a tree farm by counting trees, and how many crayons are needed to color any map. Filled with a who’s who of brilliant mathematicians who questioned, refined, and contributed to a remarkable theorem’s development, Euler’s Gem will fascinate every mathematics enthusiast. This paperback edition contains a new preface by the author.

The Birth of Mathematics

Author : Michael J. Bradley
Publisher : Infobase Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0791097234
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Birth of Mathematics by : Michael J. Bradley

Download or read book The Birth of Mathematics written by Michael J. Bradley and published by Infobase Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book of Proof

Author : Richard H. Hammack
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780989472111
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (721 download)

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Book Synopsis Book of Proof by : Richard H. Hammack

Download or read book Book of Proof written by Richard H. Hammack and published by . This book was released on 2016-01-01 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an introduction to the language and standard proof methods of mathematics. It is a bridge from the computational courses (such as calculus or differential equations) that students typically encounter in their first year of college to a more abstract outlook. It lays a foundation for more theoretical courses such as topology, analysis and abstract algebra. Although it may be more meaningful to the student who has had some calculus, there is really no prerequisite other than a measure of mathematical maturity.

Einstein’s Italian Mathematicians: Ricci, Levi-Civita, and the Birth of General Relativity

Author : Judith R. Goodstein
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 1470428466
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Einstein’s Italian Mathematicians: Ricci, Levi-Civita, and the Birth of General Relativity by : Judith R. Goodstein

Download or read book Einstein’s Italian Mathematicians: Ricci, Levi-Civita, and the Birth of General Relativity written by Judith R. Goodstein and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2018-07-20 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first decade of the twentieth century as Albert Einstein began formulating a revolutionary theory of gravity, the Italian mathematician Gregorio Ricci was entering the later stages of what appeared to be a productive if not particularly memorable career, devoted largely to what his colleagues regarded as the dogged development of a mathematical language he called the absolute differential calculus. In 1912, the work of these two dedicated scientists would intersect—and physics and mathematics would never be the same. Einstein's Italian Mathematicians chronicles the lives and intellectual contributions of Ricci and his brilliant student Tullio Levi-Civita, including letters, interviews, memoranda, and other personal and professional papers, to tell the remarkable, little-known story of how two Italian academicians, of widely divergent backgrounds and temperaments, came to provide the indispensable mathematical foundation—today known as the tensor calculus—for general relativity.

Unknown Quantity

Author : John Derbyshire
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030909657X
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Unknown Quantity by : John Derbyshire

Download or read book Unknown Quantity written by John Derbyshire and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-06-02 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prime Obsession taught us not to be afraid to put the math in a math book. Unknown Quantity heeds the lesson well. So grab your graphing calculators, slip out the slide rules, and buckle up! John Derbyshire is introducing us to algebra through the ages-and it promises to be just what his die-hard fans have been waiting for. "Here is the story of algebra." With this deceptively simple introduction, we begin our journey. Flanked by formulae, shadowed by roots and radicals, escorted by an expert who navigates unerringly on our behalf, we are guaranteed safe passage through even the most treacherous mathematical terrain. Our first encounter with algebraic arithmetic takes us back 38 centuries to the time of Abraham and Isaac, Jacob and Joseph, Ur and Haran, Sodom and Gomorrah. Moving deftly from Abel's proof to the higher levels of abstraction developed by Galois, we are eventually introduced to what algebraists have been focusing on during the last century. As we travel through the ages, it becomes apparent that the invention of algebra was more than the start of a specific discipline of mathematics-it was also the birth of a new way of thinking that clarified both basic numeric concepts as well as our perception of the world around us. Algebraists broke new ground when they discarded the simple search for solutions to equations and concentrated instead on abstract groups. This dramatic shift in thinking revolutionized mathematics. Written for those among us who are unencumbered by a fear of formulae, Unknown Quantity delivers on its promise to present a history of algebra. Astonishing in its bold presentation of the math and graced with narrative authority, our journey through the world of algebra is at once intellectually satisfying and pleasantly challenging.

The Birth of Model Theory

Author : Calixto Badesa
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400826187
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis The Birth of Model Theory by : Calixto Badesa

Download or read book The Birth of Model Theory written by Calixto Badesa and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-10 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Löwenheim's theorem reflects a critical point in the history of mathematical logic, for it marks the birth of model theory--that is, the part of logic that concerns the relationship between formal theories and their models. However, while the original proofs of other, comparably significant theorems are well understood, this is not the case with Löwenheim's theorem. For example, the very result that scholars attribute to Löwenheim today is not the one that Skolem--a logician raised in the algebraic tradition, like Löwenheim--appears to have attributed to him. In The Birth of Model Theory, Calixto Badesa provides both the first sustained, book-length analysis of Löwenheim's proof and a detailed description of the theoretical framework--and, in particular, of the algebraic tradition--that made the theorem possible. Badesa's three main conclusions amount to a completely new interpretation of the proof, one that sharply contradicts the core of modern scholarship on the topic. First, Löwenheim did not use an infinitary language to prove his theorem; second, the functional interpretation of Löwenheim's normal form is anachronistic, and inappropriate for reconstructing the proof; and third, Löwenheim did not aim to prove the theorem's weakest version but the stronger version Skolem attributed to him. This book will be of considerable interest to historians of logic, logicians, philosophers of logic, and philosophers of mathematics.

Emmy Noether's Wonderful Theorem

Author : Dwight E. Neuenschwander
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421422689
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Emmy Noether's Wonderful Theorem by : Dwight E. Neuenschwander

Download or read book Emmy Noether's Wonderful Theorem written by Dwight E. Neuenschwander and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2017-04-01 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important—and beautiful—mathematical solutions ever devised, Noether’s theorem touches on every aspect of physics. "In the judgment of the most competent living mathematicians, Fräulein Noether was the most significant creative mathematical genius thus far produced since the higher education of women began."—Albert Einstein The year was 1915, and the young mathematician Emmy Noether had just settled into Göttingen University when Albert Einstein visited to lecture on his nearly finished general theory of relativity. Two leading mathematicians of the day, David Hilbert and Felix Klein, dug into the new theory with gusto, but had difficulty reconciling it with what was known about the conservation of energy. Knowing of her expertise in invariance theory, they requested Noether’s help. To solve the problem, she developed a novel theorem, applicable across all of physics, which relates conservation laws to continuous symmetries—one of the most important pieces of mathematical reasoning ever developed. Noether’s “first” and “second” theorem was published in 1918. The first theorem relates symmetries under global spacetime transformations to the conservation of energy and momentum, and symmetry under global gauge transformations to charge conservation. In continuum mechanics and field theories, these conservation laws are expressed as equations of continuity. The second theorem, an extension of the first, allows transformations with local gauge invariance, and the equations of continuity acquire the covariant derivative characteristic of coupled matter-field systems. General relativity, it turns out, exhibits local gauge invariance. Noether’s theorem also laid the foundation for later generations to apply local gauge invariance to theories of elementary particle interactions. In Dwight E. Neuenschwander’s new edition of Emmy Noether’s Wonderful Theorem, readers will encounter an updated explanation of Noether’s “first” theorem. The discussion of local gauge invariance has been expanded into a detailed presentation of the motivation, proof, and applications of the “second” theorem, including Noether’s resolution of concerns about general relativity. Other refinements in the new edition include an enlarged biography of Emmy Noether’s life and work, parallels drawn between the present approach and Noether’s original 1918 paper, and a summary of the logic behind Noether’s theorem.

Graphs, Colourings and the Four-Colour Theorem

Author : Robert A. Wilson
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 019158360X
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Graphs, Colourings and the Four-Colour Theorem by : Robert A. Wilson

Download or read book Graphs, Colourings and the Four-Colour Theorem written by Robert A. Wilson and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2002-01-24 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The four-colour theorem is one of the famous problems of mathematics, that frustrated generations of mathematicians from its birth in 1852 to its solution (using substantial assistance from electronic computers) in 1976. The theorem asks whether four colours are sufficient to colour all conceivable maps, in such a way that countries with a common border are coloured with different colours. The book discusses various attempts to solve this problem, and some of the mathematics which developed out of these attempts. Much of this mathematics has developed a life of its own, and forms a fascinating part of the subject now known as graph theory. The book is designed to be self-contained, and develops all the graph-theoretical tools needed as it goes along. It includes all the elementary graph theory that should be included in an introduction to the subject, before concentrating on specific topics relevant to the four-colour problem. Part I covers basic graph theory, Euler's polyhedral formula, and the first published false `proof' of the four-colour theorem. Part II ranges widely through related topics, including map-colouring on surfaces with holes, the famous theorems of Kuratowski, Vizing, and Brooks, the conjectures of Hadwiger and Hajos, and much more besides. In Part III we return to the four-colour theorem, and study in detail the methods which finally cracked the problem.

Automated Theorem Proving in Software Engineering

Author : Johann M. Schumann
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662226464
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis Automated Theorem Proving in Software Engineering by : Johann M. Schumann

Download or read book Automated Theorem Proving in Software Engineering written by Johann M. Schumann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growing demands for the quality, safety, and security of software can only be satisfied by the rigorous application of formal methods during software design. This book methodically investigates the potential of first-order logic automated theorem provers for applications in software engineering. Illustrated by complete case studies on protocol verification, verification of security protocols, and logic-based software reuse, this book provides techniques for assessing the prover's capabilities and for selecting and developing an appropriate interface architecture.

Mathematics Is the Poetry of Science

Author : Cedric Villani
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198846436
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Mathematics Is the Poetry of Science by : Cedric Villani

Download or read book Mathematics Is the Poetry of Science written by Cedric Villani and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-03-04 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the words of the great poet Senghor, Cedric Villani makes the bold claim that Mathematics is the Poetry of Science. Perhaps paradoxical to some, both disciplines are concerned with describing the world around us, understanding its parts, and using this knowledge to create something profound. World-renowned mathematician and Fields Medallist Cedric Villani explores this analogy in this engaging and intelligent text, and shows how mathematics, one of the world's few universal languages, holds deep similarities to the literary genre. A great lover of poetry, he insists that the two are intrinsically linked in their aim of both tackling the complexities of our reality as well as distancing us from it so that we may better appreciate its beauty. In a more light-hearted and concise approach than his more theoretical academic works, this book represents one of Villani's attempts to communicate his love of mathematics to a wider audience, drawing daring parallels between two universes that meet in their aspiration of the sublime.

How to Prove It

Author : Daniel J. Velleman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521861241
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis How to Prove It by : Daniel J. Velleman

Download or read book How to Prove It written by Daniel J. Velleman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-01-16 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many students have trouble the first time they take a mathematics course in which proofs play a significant role. This new edition of Velleman's successful text will prepare students to make the transition from solving problems to proving theorems by teaching them the techniques needed to read and write proofs. The book begins with the basic concepts of logic and set theory, to familiarize students with the language of mathematics and how it is interpreted. These concepts are used as the basis for a step-by-step breakdown of the most important techniques used in constructing proofs. The author shows how complex proofs are built up from these smaller steps, using detailed 'scratch work' sections to expose the machinery of proofs about the natural numbers, relations, functions, and infinite sets. To give students the opportunity to construct their own proofs, this new edition contains over 200 new exercises, selected solutions, and an introduction to Proof Designer software. No background beyond standard high school mathematics is assumed. This book will be useful to anyone interested in logic and proofs: computer scientists, philosophers, linguists, and of course mathematicians.

Applied Linear Algebra

Author : Lorenzo Sadun
Publisher : American Mathematical Society
ISBN 13 : 1470470047
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Applied Linear Algebra by : Lorenzo Sadun

Download or read book Applied Linear Algebra written by Lorenzo Sadun and published by American Mathematical Society. This book was released on 2022-06-07 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linear algebra permeates mathematics, as well as physics and engineering. In this text for junior and senior undergraduates, Sadun treats diagonalization as a central tool in solving complicated problems in these subjects by reducing coupled linear evolution problems to a sequence of simpler decoupled problems. This is the Decoupling Principle. Traditionally, difference equations, Markov chains, coupled oscillators, Fourier series, the wave equation, the Schrödinger equation, and Fourier transforms are treated separately, often in different courses. Here, they are treated as particular instances of the decoupling principle, and their solutions are remarkably similar. By understanding this general principle and the many applications given in the book, students will be able to recognize it and to apply it in many other settings. Sadun includes some topics relating to infinite-dimensional spaces. He does not present a general theory, but enough so as to apply the decoupling principle to the wave equation, leading to Fourier series and the Fourier transform. The second edition contains a series of Explorations. Most are numerical labs in which the reader is asked to use standard computer software to look deeper into the subject. Some explorations are theoretical, for instance, relating linear algebra to quantum mechanics. There is also an appendix reviewing basic matrix operations and another with solutions to a third of the exercises.

How Round Is Your Circle?

Author : John Bryant
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400837952
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis How Round Is Your Circle? by : John Bryant

Download or read book How Round Is Your Circle? written by John Bryant and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-28 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do you draw a straight line? How do you determine if a circle is really round? These may sound like simple or even trivial mathematical problems, but to an engineer the answers can mean the difference between success and failure. How Round Is Your Circle? invites readers to explore many of the same fundamental questions that working engineers deal with every day--it's challenging, hands-on, and fun. John Bryant and Chris Sangwin illustrate how physical models are created from abstract mathematical ones. Using elementary geometry and trigonometry, they guide readers through paper-and-pencil reconstructions of mathematical problems and show them how to construct actual physical models themselves--directions included. It's an effective and entertaining way to explain how applied mathematics and engineering work together to solve problems, everything from keeping a piston aligned in its cylinder to ensuring that automotive driveshafts rotate smoothly. Intriguingly, checking the roundness of a manufactured object is trickier than one might think. When does the width of a saw blade affect an engineer's calculations--or, for that matter, the width of a physical line? When does a measurement need to be exact and when will an approximation suffice? Bryant and Sangwin tackle questions like these and enliven their discussions with many fascinating highlights from engineering history. Generously illustrated, How Round Is Your Circle? reveals some of the hidden complexities in everyday things.

Euclid's Window

Author : Leonard Mlodinow
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1439135371
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Euclid's Window by : Leonard Mlodinow

Download or read book Euclid's Window written by Leonard Mlodinow and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2010-09-28 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through Euclid's Window Leonard Mlodinow brilliantly and delightfully leads us on a journey through five revolutions in geometry, from the Greek concept of parallel lines to the latest notions of hyperspace. Here is an altogether new, refreshing, alternative history of math revealing how simple questions anyone might ask about space -- in the living room or in some other galaxy -- have been the hidden engine of the highest achievements in science and technology. Based on Mlodinow's extensive historical research; his studies alongside colleagues such as Richard Feynman and Kip Thorne; and interviews with leading physicists and mathematicians such as Murray Gell-Mann, Edward Witten, and Brian Greene, Euclid's Window is an extraordinary blend of rigorous, authoritative investigation and accessible, good-humored storytelling that makes a stunningly original argument asserting the primacy of geometry. For those who have looked through Euclid's Window, no space, no thing, and no time will ever be quite the same.

Optimal Transport

Author : Cédric Villani
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540710507
Total Pages : 970 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimal Transport by : Cédric Villani

Download or read book Optimal Transport written by Cédric Villani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-26 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the close of the 1980s, the independent contributions of Yann Brenier, Mike Cullen and John Mather launched a revolution in the venerable field of optimal transport founded by G. Monge in the 18th century, which has made breathtaking forays into various other domains of mathematics ever since. The author presents a broad overview of this area, supplying complete and self-contained proofs of all the fundamental results of the theory of optimal transport at the appropriate level of generality. Thus, the book encompasses the broad spectrum ranging from basic theory to the most recent research results. PhD students or researchers can read the entire book without any prior knowledge of the field. A comprehensive bibliography with notes that extensively discuss the existing literature underlines the book’s value as a most welcome reference text on this subject.