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Biodegradable Plastics Marine Litter
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Book Synopsis Biodegradable Plastics & Marine Litter by : United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Download or read book Biodegradable Plastics & Marine Litter written by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and published by United Nations. This book was released on 2016-01-26 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report concludes that "the adoption of plastic products labelled as ‘biodegradable’ will not bring about a significant decrease either in the quantity of plastic entering the ocean or the risk of physical and chemical impacts on the marine environment". Indeed, biodegradable polymers degrade significantly slower in the marine environment than on land. Therefore, a widespread use is said to lead to continuing littering problems and its negative impacts. Furthermore, oxo-degradable polymers would only increase the quantity of microplastics in the environment and claims stating otherwise are likely motivated by commercial interests rather than scientific evidence.
Book Synopsis Biodegradable Plastics & Marine Litter by : United Nations Publications
Download or read book Biodegradable Plastics & Marine Litter written by United Nations Publications and published by UN. This book was released on 2017-04-03 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This briefing paper provides a concise summary of some of the key issues surrounding the biodegradability of plastics in the oceans. It explores whether the adoption of biodegradable plastics will reduce the impact of marine plastics overall. The paper also addresses the lack of public knowledge about biodegradable plastics. Moreover, it the raises concern over the labeling of products as 'biodegradable' as it may result in more littering behaviors due to a perceived technical fix that removes responsibility from individuals"--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Marine Anthropogenic Litter by : Melanie Bergmann
Download or read book Marine Anthropogenic Litter written by Melanie Bergmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public.
Book Synopsis Mare Plasticum - The Plastic Sea by : Marilena Streit-Bianchi
Download or read book Mare Plasticum - The Plastic Sea written by Marilena Streit-Bianchi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-23 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, written by a multidisciplinary team of authors comprising scientists, artists and communicators, explores one of the most pressing issues of our time – the menace plastics pose to marine environments and organisms. It takes readers on a journey that begins on the beaches of Galicia, where the beach litter formed the starting point for an exhibition that combines art and science to alert the audience to the urgent need for action. The journey culminates with a short “plastic story”, which reveals a disturbing vision of the future significance of plastics for humans, and an example of how comics can deliver information to a younger audience. Along the way there is plenty of fascinating science, such as insights into the impacts of plastics and microplastics; the new marine ecosystem, known as the “plastisphere”; and the current status of the oceans, from the Arctic to the Mediterranean. The book also explores the historical developments; sustainable solutions, including the use of circular economy methodologies; and protective measures, like those being tried in China and the Far East. Lastly, it describes the role played by rivers as transport vectors for plastic, with special reference to the Danube, and to complete the picture, since most of the plastic is of terrestrial origin, it investigates problems related to microplastics in soils.
Book Synopsis Degradable Plastics by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Degradable Plastics written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nordic programme to reduce the environmental impact of plastic by :
Download or read book Nordic programme to reduce the environmental impact of plastic written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2017-05-04 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nordic programme on a sustainable approach to plastics is a strategic tool for developing knowledge and measures, as well as enhancing synergies, networks and awareness at the Nordic level. The programme will support the ambitions of the Nordic countries in reaching their goals in relation to prevention of plastic waste, re-use and recycling of plastics, circular economy and minimizing marine plastic litter and microplastics. The program runs over 2017-18 and will be implemented through various projects and activities within the framework of the Nordic Council of Ministers or projects financed by the Nordic Council of Minister.
Book Synopsis Management of Marine Plastic Debris by : Michael Niaounakis
Download or read book Management of Marine Plastic Debris written by Michael Niaounakis and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2017-07-04 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Management of Marine Plastic Debris gives a thorough and detailed presentation of the global problem of marine plastics debris, covering every aspect of its management from tracking, collecting, treating and commercial exploitation for handing this anthropogenic waste. The book is a unique, essential source of information on current and future technologies aimed at reducing the impact of plastics waste in the oceans. This is a practical book designed to enable engineers to tackle this problem—both in stopping plastics from getting into the ocean in the first place, as well as providing viable options for the reuse and recycling of plastics debris once it has been recovered. The book is essential reading not only for materials scientists and engineers, but also other scientists involved in this area seeking to know more about the impact of marine plastics debris on the environment, the mechanisms by which plastics degrade in water and potential solutions. While much research has been undertaken into the different approaches to the increasing problem of plastics marine debris, this is the first book to present, evaluate and compare all of the available techniques and practices, and then make suggestions for future developments. The book also includes a detailed discussion of the regulatory environment, including international conventions and standards and national policies. Reviews all available processes and techniques for recovering, cleaning and recycling marine plastic debris Presents and evaluates viable options for engineers to tackle this growing problem, including the use of alternative polymers Investigates a wide range of possible applications of marine plastics debris and opportunities for businesses to make a positive environmental impact Includes a detailed discussion of the regulatory environment, including international conventions and standards and national policies
Book Synopsis Micro-and macro-plastics in marine species from Nordic waters by : Inger Lise N. Bråte
Download or read book Micro-and macro-plastics in marine species from Nordic waters written by Inger Lise N. Bråte and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarises the knowledge on plastics in Nordic marine species. Nordic biota interacts with plastic pollution, through entanglement and ingestion. Ingestion has been found in many seabirds and also in stranded mammals. Ingestion of plastics has been documented in 14 fish species, which many of them are of ecology and commercially importance. Microplastics have also been found in blue mussels and preliminary studies found synthetic fibres in marine worms. Comparability between and within studies of plastic ingestion by biota from the Nordic environment and other regions are difficult as there are: few studies and different methods are used. It is important that research is directed towards the knowledge gaps highlighted in this report, to get a better understanding on plastic ingestion and impact on biota from the Nordic marine environment.
Book Synopsis Impacts of Marine Litter by : Luisa Galgani
Download or read book Impacts of Marine Litter written by Luisa Galgani and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-08-15 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Plastic Pollution in the Marine Environment by : United States. Congress. Senate. National Ocean Policy Study
Download or read book Plastic Pollution in the Marine Environment written by United States. Congress. Senate. National Ocean Policy Study and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Plastic Pollution In The Global Ocean by : Alice A Horton
Download or read book Plastic Pollution In The Global Ocean written by Alice A Horton and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2022-12-27 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plastic pollution is a growing environmental problem that is attracting increasing interest across society, from academics to the general public. A significant factor in the wide public interest in plastics is its visibility; present throughout urban and rural environments, washing up on beaches and even visible from space. However, 'invisible' microplastics and nanoplastics are also an issue. With growing plastic production and usage, plastic waste within the environment will continue to increase. This increased input along with its persistence leads to accumulation and increasing ecosystem exposure, with as-yet unknown consequences.This book brings together a collection of chapters written by world-leading experts in environmental plastic pollution inputs, fate, effects and solutions. It provides an accessible overview of the current scientific understanding, future implications and key considerations for the management and mitigation of plastic waste within the global ocean.Related Link(s)
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Navigation Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :528 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Plastic pollution in the marine environment by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Navigation
Download or read book Plastic pollution in the marine environment written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Navigation and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Life Cycle Impact Assessment by : Michael Z. Hauschild
Download or read book Life Cycle Impact Assessment written by Michael Z. Hauschild and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-24 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a detailed presentation of the principles and practice of life cycle impact assessment. As a volume of the LCA compendium, the book is structured according to the LCIA framework developed by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)passing through the phases of definition or selection of impact categories, category indicators and characterisation models (Classification): calculation of category indicator results (Characterisation); calculating the magnitude of category indicator results relative to reference information (Normalisation); and converting indicator results of different impact categories by using numerical factors based on value-choices (Weighting). Chapter one offers a historical overview of the development of life cycle impact assessment and presents the boundary conditions and the general principles and constraints of characterisation modelling in LCA. The second chapter outlines the considerations underlying the selection of impact categories and the classification or assignment of inventory flows into these categories. Chapters three through thirteen exploreall the impact categories that are commonly included in LCIA, discussing the characteristics of each followed by a review of midpoint and endpoint characterisation methods, metrics, uncertainties and new developments, and a discussion of research needs. Chapter-length treatment is accorded to Climate Change; Stratospheric Ozone Depletion; Human Toxicity; Particulate Matter Formation; Photochemical Ozone Formation; Ecotoxicity; Acidification; Eutrophication; Land Use; Water Use; and Abiotic Resource Use. The final two chapters map out the optional LCIA steps of Normalisation and Weighting.
Book Synopsis Photo-switched Biodegradation of Bioplastics in Marine Environments by : Tatsuo Kaneko
Download or read book Photo-switched Biodegradation of Bioplastics in Marine Environments written by Tatsuo Kaneko and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-28 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the novel concept of photo-switched biodegradation of bioplastics which is one of the important methods to overcome plastic waste issues in oceans. The different chapters discuss topics associated with a wide range of biorefinery plant cultivation, cell bioengineering in silico/wet, plastic design with photo-controlled biodegradation, photocatalysis design, evaluation of biodegradability, polymer toxicity, and plastic edibility. The book contributes to various Sustainable Development Goals such as SDG 14—Life Below Water; SDG 9—Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure; SDG 12—Responsible Consumption and Production; and SDG 15—Life on Land. It is a useful source for academic scientists in the fields of organic chemistry, photocatalysts, organic/inorganic composites, cell biology, plant biology, plastic processing, social control of wastes, environmental science, marine technology, and engineers. The book plays a big part in paradigm-changing innovation and transforms the petrochemical industry which has reached maturity, into a biochemical industry.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher : ISBN 13 :9780309458856 Total Pages :250 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (588 download)
Book Synopsis Reckoning with the U.S. Role in Global Ocean Plastic Waste by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Reckoning with the U.S. Role in Global Ocean Plastic Waste written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2022-09 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An estimated 8 million metric tons (MMT) of plastic waste enters the world's ocean each year - the equivalent of dumping a garbage truck of plastic waste into the ocean every minute. Plastic waste is now found in almost every marine habitat, from the ocean surface to deep sea sediments to the ocean's vast mid-water region, as well as the Great Lakes. This report responds to a request in the bipartisan Save Our Seas 2.0 Act for a scientific synthesis of the role of the United States both in contributing to and responding to global ocean plastic waste. The United States is a major producer of plastics and in 2016, generated more plastic waste by weight and per capita than any other nation. Although the U.S. solid waste management system is advanced, it is not sufficient to deter leakage into the environment. Reckoning with the U.S. Role in Global Ocean Plastic Waste calls for a national strategy by the end of 2022 to reduce the nation's contribution to global ocean plastic waste at every step - from production to its entry into the environment - including by substantially reducing U.S. solid waste generation. This report also recommends a nationally-coordinated and expanded monitoring system to track plastic pollution in order to understand the scales and sources of U.S. plastic waste, set reduction and management priorities, and measure progress.
Download or read book Marine Debris written by James M. Coe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine debris is a global pollution problem affecting marine life, maritime commerce and environmental quality. Scientists, policymakers and the public must be knowledgeable about the source, impact and control efforts if effective solutions are to be developed. Marine Debris addresses the origin of persistent solid waste in the ocean, from urban and rural discharges to waste from ships and the recreational use of oceans. The book identifies key issues from biological, technological, economic and legal perspectives, and gives a framework for controlling each of the main sources of marine debris.
Book Synopsis Polymers in a Marine Environment by : Mukesh Doble
Download or read book Polymers in a Marine Environment written by Mukesh Doble and published by Smithers Rapra. This book was released on 2014-11-19 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers, plastics, and composite materials are widely used in the shipping industry and so get exposed to marine waters. Biofouling of these leads to problems for ships and boats in the form of reduced speed and corrosion, which these industries would like to prevent. Several hundred thousand tons of plastics that are discarded reach the marine environment every year either from land run-off or because of maritime activities. It has been estimated that because plastics do not degrade easily, one million marine animals are killed every year either by choking on floating plastic items or by becoming entangled in plastic debris. For the shipping industry the polymer should not foul and should be stable for extended periods of time in the marine environment. For the environmentalist the waste dumped after its use should degrade fast without causing problems to flora and fauna as well to the coastal economies. Addressing one of these issues leads to enhancement of the other issue and so this is not an easy problem to solve. This book covers the interaction of polymers with the marine environment, the problems they cause to ecology, their biofouling and biodegradation, and possible solutions.
