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Bacterial Amyloids
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Book Synopsis Bacterial Amyloids by : Véronique Arluison
Download or read book Bacterial Amyloids written by Véronique Arluison and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-11 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed volume introduces different methods to assess the structure and folding of bacterial amyloids and analyze their functions, either in vitro or in vivo. Despite their initial association with neurodegenerative diseases, there is now increasing evidence of alternative roles for amyloids, with beneficial aspects for cells. In particular, prokaryotes use amyloids as functional assemblies, where they are key players in the cell's physiology. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Bacterial Amyloids: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide for experts and novices alike to further explore these crucial protein assemblies.
Book Synopsis The Role of Bacterial Amyloids In Regulating Gastrointestinal Homeostasis by : Gertrude Odamea Oppong
Download or read book The Role of Bacterial Amyloids In Regulating Gastrointestinal Homeostasis written by Gertrude Odamea Oppong and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Preparation and Characterization of Functional Amyloids and Amyloid-based Biofilm in Escherichia Coli by : Oscar Aloysius McCrate
Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of Functional Amyloids and Amyloid-based Biofilm in Escherichia Coli written by Oscar Aloysius McCrate and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amyloids are a special class of proteins possessing a common cross-beta fold. This cross-beta fold confers a number of unique properties including insolubility, resistance to thermal and chaotropic denaturation, protease resistance, and the ability to spontaneously self-template and auto-aggregate into fibers. Microorganisms have harnessed the power of the amyloid fold to produce a variety of functional amyloids. In microorganisms, amyloids are involved in many functions including: serving as non-chromosomal genetic elements in the form of prions; serving as surface modifiers in the form of hydrophobins and chaplins; and are used to form multifunctional extracellular fibrillar structures. Amyloid-based fimbriae appear to be prevalent in nature and play a huge number of roles from surface adhesive structures and virulence factors to structural components in biofilms. Curli fibers were the first bacterial functional amyloid fibers discovered. In Escherichia coli, curli are produced as extracellular surface adhesive structures mediating cell-cell interactions, binding to biotic and abiotic surfaces, and serving as major structural components in biofilm formation. The uropathogenic E. coli strain UTI89 is capable of forming a highly insoluble amyloid-mediated biofilm. Biofilms consist of bacteria plus their secreted extracellular matrix (ECM). The amyloid-mediated UTI89 ECM is known to contain curli and a polysaccharide believed to be cellulose; however, it is likely that other components are present. In this dissertation, two biological systems were developed, biochemically characterized, and analyzed by solid state NMR--(1) in vivo-assembled curli amyloid fibers and (2) the curli/cellulose-based ECM of E. coli strain UTI89. Solid state NMR was used for analysis due to its ability to provide data on both the structure and chemical composition of intact, insoluble biological assemblies. Examination of the intact biological assemblies required the use of the native bacterial expression and assembly systems. Thus high expression levels were achieved through manipulation of bacterial physiology via optimization of environmental conditions. Expression on both undefined, rich defined, and minimal defined media was optimized to enable maximum flexibility in the isotopic labeling of samples for detailed NMR studies. Minimally perturbative extractions were developed and optimized for curli and UTI89 ECM production. For both the curli and UTI89 ECM systems,> 100 mg yields are accessible. Most biochemical analyses were developed for soluble systems. Thus, the biochemical analysis of curli fibers and the UTI89 ECM required the development of new techniques and validation of pre-existing methods due to the insolubility of these systems. Additionally, new methods were developed to facilitate tracking and analysis of the curli and UTI89 ECM systems including a simple method for tracking the purification of extracellular structures using microbiological indicator dyes and an apparatus to simulate growth on agar using track-etched membranes and broth. Initial solid state NMR characterization of both the curli and UTI89 ECM systems were carried out. Isotopic labels were selectively incorporated into curli and the label incorporation was characterized. For the UTI89 ECM system, the ECM composition was examined and quantified by solid state NMR. It was found that the polysaccharide portion of the UTI89 ECM is a modified form of cellulose, and that the composition of our purified ECM is approximately 85% curli and 15% modified cellulose. Taken as a whole, the work presented in this thesis is an excellent beginning. The systems developed are naturally expressed, natively assembled, and biologically relevant yet are still robust and high yielding. Because these systems were optimized for solid state NMR, ample material is available for any other conceivable biochemical or biophysical assay. Basic characterization of these systems has been performed laying the foundation for more detailed future studies. Additionally, the indicator dye tracking and ECM purification tools have been found to be easily implementable and applicable to other biofilm systems thereby driving exploration and innovation.
Book Synopsis Protein Solubility and Aggregation in Bacteria by : Salvador Ventura
Download or read book Protein Solubility and Aggregation in Bacteria written by Salvador Ventura and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-09-26 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proteins suffer many conformational changes and interactions through their life, from their synthesis at ribosomes to their controlled degradation. Only folded and soluble proteins are functional. Thus, protein folding and solubility are controlled genetically, transcriptionally, and at the protein sequence level. In addition, a well-conserved cellular machinery assists the folding of polypeptides to avoid misfolding and ensure the attainment of soluble and functional structures. When these redundant protective strategies are overcome, misfolded proteins are recruited into aggregates. Recombinant protein production is an essential tool for the biotechnology industry and also supports expanding areas of basic and biomedical research, including structural genomics and proteomics. Although bacteria still represent a convenient production system, many recombinant polypeptides produced in prokaryotic hosts undergo irregular or incomplete folding processes that usually result in their accumulation as insoluble aggregates, narrowing thus the spectrum of protein-based drugs that are available in the biotechnology market. In fact, the solubility of bacterially produced proteins is of major concern in production processes, and many orthogonal strategies have been exploited to try to increase soluble protein yields. Importantly, contrary to the usual assumption that the bacterial aggregates formed during protein production are totally inactive, the presence of a fraction of molecules in a native-like structure in these assemblies endorse them with a certain degree of biological activity, a property that is allowing the use of bacteria as factories to produce new functional materials and catalysts. The protein embedded in intracellular bacterial deposits might display different conformations, but they are usually enriched in beta-sheet-rich assemblies resembling the amyloid fibrils characteristic of several human neurodegenerative diseases. This makes bacterial cells simple, but biologically relevant model systems to address the mechanisms behind amyloid formation and the cellular impact of protein aggregates. Interestingly, bacteria also exploit the structural principles behind amyloid formation for functional purposes such as adhesion or cytotoxicity. In the present research topic we collect papers addressing all the issues mentioned above from both the experimental and computational point of view.
Book Synopsis Biophysical Characterization of Naturally Occurring Bacterial Amyloids by : Morten Simonsen Dueholm
Download or read book Biophysical Characterization of Naturally Occurring Bacterial Amyloids written by Morten Simonsen Dueholm and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Amyloid Fibrils and Prefibrillar Aggregates by : Daniel Erik Otzen
Download or read book Amyloid Fibrils and Prefibrillar Aggregates written by Daniel Erik Otzen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-06-04 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summing up almost a decade of biomedical research, this topical and eagerly awaited handbook is the first reference on the topic to incorporate recent breakthroughs in amyloid research. The first part covers the structural biology of amyloid fibrils and pre-fibrillar assemblies, including a description of current models for amyloid formation. The second part looks at the diagnosis and biomedical study of amyloid in humans and in animal models, while the final section discusses pharmacological approaches to manipulating amyloid and also looks at its physiological roles in lower and higher organisms. For Biochemists, Molecular Biologists, Neurobiologists, Neurophysiologists and those working in the Pharmaceutical Industry.
Book Synopsis Peptide Catalysts, including Catalytic Amyloids by :
Download or read book Peptide Catalysts, including Catalytic Amyloids written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-05-28 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peptide Catalysts, including Catalytic Amyloids, Volume 697 in this esteemed series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting topics on Screening of oxidative behaviors in catalytic amyloid assemblies, Catalytic amyloids derived for natural proteins, AFM-IR studies of catalytic amyloids, MD structural studies of catalytic amyloids, Characterization of crystalline, amyloid-like amino acid assemblies, Computational modeling of supramolecular peptide assemblies, and Assembly and activity of short prion-inspired peptides. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in Methods in Enzymology series Updated release includes the latest information on Peptide Catalysts, including Catalytic Amyloids
Book Synopsis Alzheimer's Disease by : Thimmaiah Govindaraju
Download or read book Alzheimer's Disease written by Thimmaiah Govindaraju and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer’s disease is an increasingly common form of dementia and despite rising interest in discovery of novel treatments and investigation into aetiology, there are no currently approved treatments that directly tackle the causes of the condition. Due to its multifactorial pathogenesis, current treatments are directed against symptoms and even precise diagnosis remains difficult as the majority of cases are diagnosed symptomatically and usually confirmed only by autopsy. Alzheimer’s Disease: Recent Findings in Pathophysiology, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Modalities provides a comprehensive overview from aetiology and neurochemistry to diagnosis, evaluation and management of Alzheimer's disease, and latest therapeutic approaches. Intended to provide an introduction to all aspects of the disease and latest developments, this book is ideal for students, postgraduates and researchers in neurochemistry, neurological drug discovery and Alzheimer’s disease.
Author :American Association of Blood Banks Publisher :American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) ISBN 13 :9780914404217 Total Pages :74 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (42 download)
Book Synopsis Human Hemostasis by : American Association of Blood Banks
Download or read book Human Hemostasis written by American Association of Blood Banks and published by American Association of Blood Banks (AABB). This book was released on 1975-12 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis In Vivo Expression of the Bacterial Amyloid Curli by : Nicole Jennifer Medeiros
Download or read book In Vivo Expression of the Bacterial Amyloid Curli written by Nicole Jennifer Medeiros and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium is a rod-shaped, motile, Gram-negative bacterium that causes gastroenteritis in immunocompetent individuals. S. Typhimurium produces an extracellular protein termed curli, a bacterial amyloid with a cross beta-sheet tertiary structure that is common across all amyloids. Curli formation is critical for biofilm formation by enteric pathogens such as S. Typhimurium and E. coli. Curli expression requires the production of multiple proteins, which are encoded by two operons known as csgBAC and csgDEFG. Curli production can be induced in vitro by low temperature and low osmolarity, which is evident by growth on T-medium plates for 72 hours at 28oC. Earlier studies have shown that curli is expressed in sepsis patients with E. coli, as well as in mice after S. Typhimurium infection. This is evidenced by the production of antibodies to CsgA, the major subunit of curli. Our lab has shown that curli fibers are recognized by the TLR2/TLR1 complex of the innate immune system during infection. Infection with curli expressing bacteria causes elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, and autoantibodies. Nonetheless, the details of curli expression in vivo during bacterial infection remain unknown. The focus of these studies was to elucidate the location where bacteria expresses curli in vivo during infection. Initially, we used S. Typhimurium strains carrying plasmids with csgB and csgD promoter regions fused to the gfp gene to study curli expression in vivo by use of flow cytometry. Unfortunately, we were unable to determine curli expression with this model, due to the diminished fluorescence intensity of GFP under anaerobic conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. As the question of curli expression in vivo was left unanswered, we next used a long-term infection model of S. Typhimurium with the goal of determining seroconversion to curli as well as the location and timing of curli expression. Using CBA/J mice infected with wild-type S. Typhimurium or a curli mutant strain, we were able to identify seroconversion to CsgA in the mice infected with the wild-type strain through ELISA and western blot analysis. We were also able to identify autoantibody production in mice infected with the wild-type strain through ELISA. However, we were unable to determine curli expression in the feces of mice either by western blot or qPCR data. We were also able to identify autoantibody production in mice infected with the wild-type strain through an anti-double stranded DNA ELISA. Preliminary findings lead us to hypothesize that curli expression may occur very early on in infection, and may be expressed inside cells such as macrophages. Overall, our results partially elucidate curli expression in vivo, although more research is needed in order to answer our remaining questions regarding location and timing of expression.
Book Synopsis Immune Response to Biofilms by : Semih Esin
Download or read book Immune Response to Biofilms written by Semih Esin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-08-02 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biophysical Strategies to Inhibit Bacterial Amyloid Formation and Undermine Biofilm Infections by : Alissa Bleem
Download or read book Biophysical Strategies to Inhibit Bacterial Amyloid Formation and Undermine Biofilm Infections written by Alissa Bleem and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When bacteria dwell in biofilms on the surface of an implanted medical device or surgical site, cells co-associate using a self-produced extracellular matrix (EM), which acts as a layer of protection against antibiotic infiltration. The EM is comprised of polysaccharides, DNA, and proteins including amyloid fibrils. Extracellular deposition of amyloid has long been associated with protein misfolding and neurodegenerative diseases, but a growing body of research demonstrates that bacteria have adopted amyloid fibrils as a functional scaffold to reinforce the biofilm. Consequently, these functional amyloids represent a novel target to interrupt biofilm formation and address the problems of biofilm-associated infection and resistance. The pathway to amyloid formation in the EM is characterized by specific physicochemical motifs; therefore, peptides engineered to bind these motifs should inhibit fibril formation and disrupt biofilm development. Here, the mechanism of amyloid formation is analyzed in both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, peptide design approaches are introduced to inhibit amyloid formation, and the results are translated to clinically relevant models.
Book Synopsis Protein Aggregation in Bacteria by : Silvia Maria Doglia
Download or read book Protein Aggregation in Bacteria written by Silvia Maria Doglia and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-04-03 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on the aggregation of recombinant proteins in bacterial cells in the form of inclusion bodies—and on their use in biotechnological and medical applications The first book devoted specifically to the topic of aggregation in bacteria, Protein Aggregation in Bacteria: Functional and Structural Properties of Inclusion Bodies in Bacterial Cells provides a large overview of protein folding and aggregation, including cell biology and methodological aspects. It summarizes, for the first time in one book, ideas and technical approaches that pave the way for a direct use of inclusion bodies in biotechnological and medical applications. Protein Aggregation in Bacteria covers: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of protein folding, aggregation, and disaggregation in bacteria Physiological importance and consequences of aggregation for the bacterial cell Factors inherent to the protein sequence responsible for aggregation and evolutionary mechanisms to keep proteins soluble Structural properties of proteins expressed as soluble aggregates and as inclusion bodies within bacterial cells both from a methodological point of view and with regard to their similarity with amyloids Control of the structural and functional properties of aggregated proteins and use thereof in biotechnology and medicine Protein Aggregation in Bacteria is ideal for researchers in protein science, biochemistry, bioengineering, biophysics, microbiology, medicine, and biotechnology, particularly if they are related with the production of recombinant proteins and pharmaceutical science.
Book Synopsis Biofilm-Mediated Diseases: Causes and Controls by : Rina Rani Ray
Download or read book Biofilm-Mediated Diseases: Causes and Controls written by Rina Rani Ray and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-05 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the current concepts in biofilm formation and its implications in human health and disease. The initial chapters introduce the mechanisms of biofilm formation and its composition. Subsequently, the chapters discuss the role of biofilm in acute and chronic infections. It also explores the pivotal role of both innate and adaptive immunity on the course of biofilm infection. In addition, the book elucidates the bacterial biofilm formation on implantable devices and the current approaches to its treatment and prevention. It analyzes the possible relationship between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. Finally, the book also summarizes the current state-of-the-art therapeutic approaches for preventing and treating biofilms. This book is a useful resource for researchers in the field of microbiology, clinical microbiology, and also medical practitioners.
Book Synopsis The Molecular and Cellular Basis for Parkinson's Disease by : Thomas Müller
Download or read book The Molecular and Cellular Basis for Parkinson's Disease written by Thomas Müller and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-10-14 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus on dopamine-sensitive motor symptoms, in association with the improvement of motor complications in the heterogeneous disease entity Parkinson's disease, has led to a certain standstill in research.This Special Issue provides new concepts and new ideas on the pathogenesis, genetics, and clinical maintenance of Parkinson's disease and related disorders. Not only new experimental findings, but also clinical outcomes, case series, and research on alternative, non-pharmacological therapies are included.The objective is to bridge the currently increasing gap between experimental and clinical research on Parkinson's disease and related disorders.
Book Synopsis The Role of Extracellular Nuclear Molecules in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Disease by : David Stephen Pisetsky
Download or read book The Role of Extracellular Nuclear Molecules in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Disease written by David Stephen Pisetsky and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-10-29 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Perfect Slime by : Hans-Curt Flemming
Download or read book The Perfect Slime written by Hans-Curt Flemming and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Perfect Slime presents the latest state of knowledge and all aspects of the Extracellular Polymeric Substances, (EPS) matrix – from the ecological and health to the antifouling perspectives. The book brings together all the current material in order to expand our understanding of the functions, properties and characteristics of the matrix as well as the possibilities to strengthen or weaken it. The EPS matrix represents the immediate environment in which biofilm organisms live. From their point of view, this matrix has paramount advantages. It allows them to stay together for extended periods and form synergistic microconsortia, it retains extracellular enzymes and turns the matrix into an external digestion system and it is a universal recycling yard, it protects them against desiccation, it allows for intense communication and represents a huge genetic archive. They can remodel their matrix, break free and eventually, they can use it as a nutrient source. The EPS matrix can be considered as one of the emergent properties of biofilms and are a major reason for the success of this form of life. Nevertheless, they have been termed the “black matter of biofilms” for good reasons. First of all: the isolation methods define the results. In most cases, only water soluble EPS components are investigated; insoluble ones such as cellulose or amyloids are much less included. In particular in environmental biofilms with many species, it is difficult to impossible isolate, separate the various EPS molecules they are encased in and to define which species produced which EPS. The regulation and the factors which trigger or inhibit EPS production are still very poorly understood. Furthermore: bacteria are not the only microorganisms to produce EPS. Archaea, Fungi and algae can also form EPS. This book investigates the questions, What is their composition, function, dynamics and regulation? What do they all have in common?
