Australian Gst Legislation With Overview 2019

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101 Ways to Save Money on Your Tax - Legally! 2019-2020

Author : Adrian Raftery
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 073037145X
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis 101 Ways to Save Money on Your Tax - Legally! 2019-2020 by : Adrian Raftery

Download or read book 101 Ways to Save Money on Your Tax - Legally! 2019-2020 written by Adrian Raftery and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-05-21 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential money-saving resource for every Australian who pays tax – fully updated for the 2019-2020 tax year. 101 Ways to Save Money on Your Tax – Legally! is the tax guide every Australian should own. Step-by-step instructions from Adrian Raftery, akaMr. Taxman, will show you how to leverage every available deduction to lower your tax bill and keep more of your hard-earned money. Thoroughly updated for the 2019-2020 tax year, this new edition gives you the latest information on changes to the tax codes and how they affect your situation. Tax laws are constantly changing, but you don’t have to pore over piles of legislation to file your tax accurately and completely – that’s what Mr. Taxman is here for. Don’t let yourself become one of the people who overpay, find out what you actually owe and prepare for even better savings next year. This guide removes the stress and confusion from tax season and helps you file on time with no mistakes. Whether an individual, married couple, investor, business owner or pensioner, this guide will help you: understand how your taxes have changed for 2019-2020 reduce your tax bill, potentially by $100s or $1000s learn plenty of expert tips, avoid tax traps and find the answers to frequently-asked questions explore topics such as medical expenses, levies, shares, property, education, business and family expenses, superannuation and much more protect yourself from errors, audits, overpayments and other common problems. When it's time to file your tax, turn to 101 Ways to Save Money on Your Tax – Legally! Maximise your deductions and get the best possible tax return. Don’t pay more than you have to, Mr. Taxman is here to help.

101 Ways To Save Money on Your Tax - Legally! 2018-2019

Author : Adrian Raftery
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0730359271
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis 101 Ways To Save Money on Your Tax - Legally! 2018-2019 by : Adrian Raftery

Download or read book 101 Ways To Save Money on Your Tax - Legally! 2018-2019 written by Adrian Raftery and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-05-29 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential money-saving tax resource, updated for 2019-2020 101 Ways to Save Money on Your Tax — Legally! is the tax guide every Australian should own. Packed with tips, answers and instructions from Mr. Taxman himself, this book shows you how to pay exactly what you owe — and not a single cent more! Individuals, investors, business owners, pensioners and more need clear advice targeted to their unique tax situation, and this guide delivers. From superannuation, medical expenses, levies, shares and property, to education, family and business, Adrian Raftery can show you how to leverage every deduction to keep more of your hard-earned money. This new edition has been updated for the 2019-2020 tax year, giving you the inside scoop on the latest changes to the tax codes and how they affect your specific situation. Keeping up with constantly-evolving tax laws is a full-time job — but it’s not your full-time job. Let Mr. Taxman do the legwork and bring you up to date on what you need to know. You may be overpaying! Many Australians do, year after year. This book shows you how to determine what you actually owe under current laws, and how to set yourself up for better savings next year. Learn how your taxes have changed for 2019-2020 Maximise deductions and pay only what you owe Discover expert tips for handling your unique situation Avoid traps, errors, overpayment, and other common snags You work hard for your money, so why not keep more of it in your pocket? The advice in this guide may save you hundreds — or thousands — this year alone. When it’s time to file your tax, don’t go it alone. Get Mr. Taxman on your side and make this year your best filing yet using 101 Ways to Save Money on Your Tax — Legally!

CJEU - Recent Developments in Value Added Tax 2018

Author : Michael Lang
Publisher : Linde Verlag GmbH
ISBN 13 : 3709410363
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis CJEU - Recent Developments in Value Added Tax 2018 by : Michael Lang

Download or read book CJEU - Recent Developments in Value Added Tax 2018 written by Michael Lang and published by Linde Verlag GmbH. This book was released on 2019-07-24 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most important and recent judgments of the CJEU Considering the ever increasing importance of indirect taxation as a source of revenue for governments, the intensifying complexity of the legal framework, and the proliferating number of countries adopting indirect taxation, it is essential to scrutinize how the law is actually applied in practice. The primary driving force in this area is, undoubtedly, the Court of Justice of the European Union. This book analyses selected topics (e.g. the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and VAT, taxable base and rates, exemptions, and deductions) by examining the most prominent and recent judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union. Experts from all over the world, not just from academia but also government representatives and tax practitioners, have provided their input and helped us compile what is an informative and worthy read for anyone dealing with indirect taxation on a professional basis.

Foundations of Taxation Law

Author : Stephen Barkoczy
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009458825
Total Pages : 1097 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Foundations of Taxation Law by : Stephen Barkoczy

Download or read book Foundations of Taxation Law written by Stephen Barkoczy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-02-15 with total page 1097 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foundations of Taxation Law provides a clear and comprehensive introduction to the policy, principles and practice that underpin the Australian taxation system. Designed as a guide for law and business students as well as tax practitioners, the text blends policy issues, taxation theory, black letter law and commercial practice into a succinct general principles text. Topics are presented in a logical and structured order and are cross-referenced to specific provisions in the legislation and relevant cases so that readers are able to easily find the source of the law. The text includes approximately 400 examples and dozens of diagrams and tables that condense the law and help clarify difficult concepts. This edition contains expanded technical and policy discussion of several areas of law. It has been substantially revised and restructured to take account of the many important legislative reforms, case law developments and announcements that have occurred over the last 24 months.

Contemporary Australian Business Law

Author : Mark Giancaspro
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108984673
Total Pages : 569 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Contemporary Australian Business Law by : Mark Giancaspro

Download or read book Contemporary Australian Business Law written by Mark Giancaspro and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-02-28 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary Australian Business Law makes key legal concepts accessible to business students, while maintaining academic rigour.

Foundations of Taxation Law 2022

Author : Stephen Barkoczy
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009154435
Total Pages : 1151 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Foundations of Taxation Law 2022 by : Stephen Barkoczy

Download or read book Foundations of Taxation Law 2022 written by Stephen Barkoczy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-25 with total page 1151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foundations of Taxation Law is a clear, comprehensive introduction to the policy, principles and practice of Australia's taxation system. An introductory guide for law and business students and tax practitioners, the text blends policy issues, taxation theory, technical 'black letter law' and commercial practice into a succinct, principled text.

Ethics and Taxation

Author : Robert F. van Brederode
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811500894
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethics and Taxation by : Robert F. van Brederode

Download or read book Ethics and Taxation written by Robert F. van Brederode and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-02 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book does not present a single philosophical approach to taxation and ethics, but instead demonstrates the divergence in opinions and approaches using a framework consisting of three broad categories: tax policy and design of tax law; ethical standards for tax advisors and taxpayers; and tax law enforcement. In turn, the book addresses a number of moral questions in connection with taxes, concerning such topics as: • the nature of government • the relation between government (the state) and its subjects or citizens • the moral justification of taxes• the link between property and taxation• tax planning, evasion and avoidance • corporate social responsibility• the use of coercive power in collecting taxes and enforcing tax laws • ethical standards for tax advisors • tax payer rights • the balance between individual rights to liberty and privacy, and government compliance and information requirements • the moral justification underlying the efforts of legislators and policymakers to restructure society and steer individual and corporate behavior.

Law and Practice of Crowdfunding and Peer-to-Peer Lending in Australia, China and Japan

Author : Pelma Rajapakse
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811938342
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Law and Practice of Crowdfunding and Peer-to-Peer Lending in Australia, China and Japan by : Pelma Rajapakse

Download or read book Law and Practice of Crowdfunding and Peer-to-Peer Lending in Australia, China and Japan written by Pelma Rajapakse and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-03 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The revolution in financial technology (FinTech) has created many advancements in the lending and investment space across the world. Law and Practice of Crowdfunding and Peer-to-Peer Lending in Australia, China, and Japan is a timely publication as FinTech grows up and moved into the mainstream of finance in the last decade. Financial services is a highly regulated industry as it is the lifeblood of a modern economy. Pelma Rajapakse, Hatsuru Morita, and Yinxu Huang have done very solid work blazing a new trail in what is a new industry and how to regulate it properly instead of stifling innovation. They have carried out a deep exploration and a thorough compilation of research that will bring everyone up to date on what Australia, China, and Japan are planning and doing in the field of crowdfunding and peer-to-peer lending. In addition to peer-to-peer lending, the book focuses on laws and practices related to Central Bank digital currencies, cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, and Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) which is very meaningful and forward-looking. The authors presented their thoughts in such clarity that, even those who lack familiarity with Asia-Pacific, will see how FinTech was growing in various ways driven by different factors. For example, peer-to-peer lending in Japan is mostly for small and medium enterprises. It was popular in China but cracked down by the authorities for a few years. It provides an alternative fundraising channel for the capital market in Australia. We also see a set of regulatory approaches among jurisdictions. Some countries draft new regulations, while others amend existing laws. The mechanism of the regulatory sandbox was introduced. As we know, one size does not fit all. What kind of best practices or lessons learned can we apply to our own jurisdiction? This book covers all available answers to date. This volume speaks highly of the quality and foresight of Pelma Rajapakse and her co-authors.

Sports Law in Australia

Author : Andy Gibson
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403547685
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Sports Law in Australia by : Andy Gibson

Download or read book Sports Law in Australia written by Andy Gibson and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2024-09-17 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this practical analysis of sports law in Australia deals with the regulation of sports activity by both public authorities and private sports organizations. The growing internationalization of sports inevitably increases the weight of global regulation, yet each country maintains its own distinct regime of sports law and its own national and local sports organizations. Sports law at a national or organizational level thus gains a growing relevance in comparative law. The book describes and discusses both state-created rules and autonomous self-regulation regarding the variety of economic, social, commercial, cultural, and political aspects of sports activities. Self- regulation manifests itself in the form of by-laws, and encompasses organizational provisions, disciplinary rules, and rules of play. However, the trend towards more professionalism in sports and the growing economic, social and cultural relevance of sports have prompted an increasing reliance on legal rules adopted by public authorities. This form of regulation appears in a variety of legal areas, including criminal law, labour law, commercial law, tax law, competition law, and tort law, and may vary following a particular type or sector of sport. It is in this dual and overlapping context that such much-publicized aspects as doping, sponsoring and media, and responsibility for injuries are legally measured. This monograph fills a gap in the legal literature by giving academics, practitioners, sports organizations, and policy makers access to sports law at this specific level. Lawyers representing parties with interests in Australia will welcome this very useful guide, and academics and researchers will appreciate its value in the study of comparative sports law.

Contemporary Issues in Taxation Research

Author : Andy Lymer
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351949136
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis Contemporary Issues in Taxation Research by : Andy Lymer

Download or read book Contemporary Issues in Taxation Research written by Andy Lymer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-11-12 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based upon papers presented at the 10th Annual Conference of the Tax Research Network held at the University of Birmingham, United Kingdom, in September 2000. The book covers four discrete areas namely compliance, e-commerce and taxation, international taxation and taxation within the European Union, and value added tax, and focuses within those areas on issues of topical and continuing interest. In an introductory chapter, the editors provide an overview of the subject matter of each of the substantive chapters (of which there are eleven). They conclude by seeking to extrapolate from those chapters, notwithstanding their diversity, various matters of wider and contemporary import to taxation. The treatment of the material in this book by scholars from various academic disciplines and with differing geographical perspectives also gives distinct and instructive insights into widely recognised and enduring taxation problems within the above-mentioned subject areas. Further, an appreciation and understanding of the multi-faceted approaches which may be adopted for problem solving, and which are evident in this book, can only enhance the prospects of the ultimate resolution of these problems.

The Forum of Federations Handbook of Fiscal Federalism

Author : Jean-François Tremblay
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030972585
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis The Forum of Federations Handbook of Fiscal Federalism by : Jean-François Tremblay

Download or read book The Forum of Federations Handbook of Fiscal Federalism written by Jean-François Tremblay and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-31 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access handbook compares fiscal federalism arrangements in eleven federal/ decentralized countries. Each chapter examines an individual country, laying out its constitutional design as relates to fiscal powers and the division of those powers between levels of government. Specifically, the analyses consider powers of taxation, spending, regulation, and more. Focusing on Australia, Brazil, Canada, Ethiopia, Germany, India, Italy, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States, the contributors provide a fascinating account of how federal countries are confronting the traditional challenges of conflicts over division of fiscal powers while also coping with the ongoing challenges of globalization and citizen empowerment that arise from the information revolution. As a companion to the Forum of Federations Handbook of Federal Countries 2020, this volume considers how relationships and roles in different orders of government are being reshaped, and shows how local solutions inspired by global principles help strengthen government accountability and improve citizens’ quality of life. This is an open access book.

Time and Tax: Issues in International, EU, and Constitutional Law

Author : Werner Haslehner
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403501642
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Time and Tax: Issues in International, EU, and Constitutional Law by : Werner Haslehner

Download or read book Time and Tax: Issues in International, EU, and Constitutional Law written by Werner Haslehner and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2018-12-20 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time is a crucial dimension in the application of any law. In tax law, however, where an environment characterized by rapid change on the national, European, and international levels complicates the provision of accurate legal advice, timing is particularly sensitive. This book is the first to analyse the relationship between time and three key areas of tax: treaties, EU law, and constitutional law issues, such as legal certainty and individual rights. Among the numerous timing issues arising out of applying tax rules, the book addresses the following: – time limits within which relief must be requested; – statutes of limitation for claiming a tax refund; – transitional issues relating to changes in tax treaties; – attribution of profits and expenses to a moving or closed-down business; – effect of tax-related CJEU decisions and EU directives; – compliance of exit tax regimes with free movement; – limits of retroactivity under principles protected by the EU Charter and the ECHR; and – conflict between efficiency of taxation and individual rights. Derived from a recent conference organized by the prestigious ATOZ Chair for European and International Taxation at the University of Luxembourg, the book brings together contributions from leading tax experts from various areas of tax practice, academia, and the judiciary. Among other issues, the book notably expands on how economic theory can inform a constitutional analysis of the timing of taxation. There is no other work that concentrates so usefully on the difficulties associated with applying tax rules – whether arising from treaties, jurisprudence, or policy – to changing circumstances over time. This book will quickly prove itself to be an indispensable resource for European tax lawyers, policymakers, company counsels, and academics.

Australian Master Tax Guide 2020

Author : CCH EDITORS.
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781925894691
Total Pages : 2497 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (946 download)

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Book Synopsis Australian Master Tax Guide 2020 by : CCH EDITORS.

Download or read book Australian Master Tax Guide 2020 written by CCH EDITORS. and published by . This book was released on 2020-02-04 with total page 2497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Celebrating 50 years of the Australian Master Tax Guide! The Australian Master Tax Guide 2020 will help students confidently and quickly navigate all areas of tax with ease. It is supported by authoritative commentary on all aspects of Federal income tax (including CGT), GST, FBT, fuel tax credits and superannuation, and includes practical examples, tax planning points, checklists and key tax dates. This text is up-to-date to 31 December 2019.Key FeaturesA complete chapter of practical checklists, including expanded tax return preparation checklists for company, partnership and trust tax returnsComplete effective life (depreciation) tables and calendar of key tax datesA comprehensive subject index and finding listsPractical examples and tax planning pointsAuthoritative commentary on all aspects of Federal income tax (including capital gains tax), GST, FBT, fuel tax credits, superannuationBasic overviews of State taxes such as duties, payroll tax and land tax.

Research Handbook on Global Capital Markets Law

Author : Iris H.-Y. Chiu
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1800379307
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Research Handbook on Global Capital Markets Law by : Iris H.-Y. Chiu

Download or read book Research Handbook on Global Capital Markets Law written by Iris H.-Y. Chiu and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-06-01 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Research Handbook is a one-stop resource on global capital markets and the laws that regulate them. Featuring contributions from leading global experts, the Research Handbook delves into a range of issues including investment products such as equity finance; sustainable finance; fintech; impact investing; and private equity. It also provides analysis on institutional and procedural issues such as large and small companies' capital formation, the roles of institutional shareholders and information providers, and the practices and regulation of financial trading markets.

European VAT and the Sharing Economy

Author : Giorgio Beretta
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403514426
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis European VAT and the Sharing Economy by : Giorgio Beretta

Download or read book European VAT and the Sharing Economy written by Giorgio Beretta and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2019-10-24 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A breadth of new digital platforms has dramatically expanded the range of possibilities for exchanging anything required by business or personal needs from accommodation to rides. In the virtual marketplaces shaped and ruled by these novel matchmakers, rather than by a single centralized entity, value is created through the granular interaction of many dispersed individuals. By allowing instantaneous and smooth interaction among millions of individuals, platforms have indeed pushed the digital frontier farther and farther, so as to include within it even services once not capable of direct delivery from a remote location such as accommodation and passenger transport. Legal disruption is also underway with foundational dichotomous categories, such as those between suppliers and customers, business and private spheres, employees and self-employed, no longer viable as organizational legal structures. This is the essential background of the first book to relate what is synthetically captured under the umbrella definition of ‘sharing economy’ to key features at the core of European Value Added Tax (EU VAT) and to look at the feasibility of a reformed EU VAT system capable of addressing the main challenges posed by these new models of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. Specifically, the study analyses five legal propositions underpinning the current EU VAT system as the following: taxable persons; taxable transactions; composite supplies; place of supply rules; and liability regimes for collection and remittance of VAT. Exploration of these five legal propositions is meant to assess the practical feasibility of shoehorning the main sharing economy business models – notably, those available in the accommodation and passenger transport sectors – into the framework of existing EU VAT provisions. The author further draws on the normative standards of equality, neutrality, simplicity, flexibility and proportionality to test the ‘reflexes’ of the current EU VAT system in the sharing economy domain. Opportunities for reform of the current EU VAT system are in turn evaluated with each chapter including cogent proposals in the form of incremental and targeted amendments to the current EU VAT provisions. As the first comprehensive analysis of the treatment of the sharing economy for VAT purposes, the book provides not only a theoretical framework for future studies in the tax field but also indispensable practical guidance for VAT specialists confronting daily with the many challenges ushered in by the sharing economy. Moreover, the various solutions and recommendations advanced in the book offer valuable insights to international and national policymakers dealing with similar issues under other VAT systems.

Taxing Consumption in the Digital Age

Author : Katharina Artinger
Publisher : Nomos Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3748910452
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (489 download)

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Book Synopsis Taxing Consumption in the Digital Age by : Katharina Artinger

Download or read book Taxing Consumption in the Digital Age written by Katharina Artinger and published by Nomos Verlag. This book was released on 2020-10-16 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Die Digitalisierung hat enorme Auswirkungen auf die Grundidee der Mehrwertsteuer: den Austausch von Leistungen für Konsumzwecke. Die Dissertation konzentriert sich auf den Austausch von scheinbar "kostenlosen" Online-Dienstleistungen und die Zustimmung der Kunden zur Verwertung ihrer persönlichen Daten. Diese können der Mehrwertsteuer unterliegen, wobei die Bemessungsgrundlage auf Grundlage der Anbieterkosten berechnet werden muss. Die Ergebnisse basieren auf einer Analyse der EU-Mehrwertsteuer als Verbrauchsteuer im Vergleich zu anderen theoretischen Konsummodellen. Auch andere digitale Geschäftsmodelle, wie die Sharing Economy oder Bitcoins, können unter die Idee der EU-Mehrwertsteuer als Verbrauchsteuer subsumiert werden. Dissertationspreis der Nürnberger Steuergespräche e.V. 2020

Virtues and Fallacies of VAT: An Evaluation after 50 Years

Author : Robert F. van Brederode
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403524243
Total Pages : 615 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Virtues and Fallacies of VAT: An Evaluation after 50 Years by : Robert F. van Brederode

Download or read book Virtues and Fallacies of VAT: An Evaluation after 50 Years written by Robert F. van Brederode and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2021-08-09 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Value-added tax (VAT) is a mainstay of revenue systems in more than 160 countries. Because consumption is a more stable revenue base than other tax bases, VAT is less distorting and hence more likely to encourage investment, savings, optimum labor supply decisions, and growth. VAT is not without criticism however, and faces its own specific technical and policy challenges. This book, the first to thoroughly evaluate VAT from a global policy perspective after over 50 years of experience with its intricacies, offers authoritative perspectives on VAT’s full spectrum—from its signal successes to the subtle ways its application can undermine revenue performance and economic neutrality. The contributors—leading tax practitioners and academics—examine the key policy issues and topics that are crucially relevant for measuring the success of the tax in the first part of the book, including: revenue generation and revenue efficiency; single rate versus multiple rates; susceptibility to fraud; exemptions and exceptions; compliance cost for businesses; policy and compliance gaps in revenue collection; adjustment rules caused by the transactional nature of the tax; transfer pricing issues; treatment of vouchers; permanent establishments and holding companies; payment of refunds; cross-border digital transactions; and supplies for free or below cost price. The second part offers six country reports—on New Zealand, Japan, China, Colombia, Ethiopia, and India—to demonstrate the different ways in which VAT operates in a variety of national economies. Whether a government is contemplating the imposition of a general consumption tax for the first time or new rules for applying an existing one, it is important for policymakers to keep central the aim to design a tax that realizes optimal efficiency and causes minimal distortions. This invaluable book serves as an expert guide to VAT policy development in this area. It will be welcomed not only by concerned government officials but also by tax professionals (both lawyers and accountants) and academics in tax law.