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Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation Using Resonance Ionization
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Book Synopsis Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation Using Resonance Ionization by :
Download or read book Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation Using Resonance Ionization written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomic vapor laser isotope separation (AVLIS) is a general and powerful technique. A major present application to the enrichment of uranium for light-water power-reactor fuel has been under development for over 10 years. In June 1985, the Department of Energy announced the selection of AVLIS as the technology to meet the nation's future need for enriched uranium. Resonance photoionization is the heart of the AVLIS process. We discuss those fundamental atomic parameters that are necessary for describing isotope-selective resonant multistep photoionization along with the measurement techniques that we use. We illustrate the methodology adopted with examples of other elements that are under study in our program.
Book Synopsis Laser Isotope Separation in Atomic Vapor by : Petr Artemovich Bokhan
Download or read book Laser Isotope Separation in Atomic Vapor written by Petr Artemovich Bokhan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by leading Russian scientists, including Nobel laureate, A.M. Prokhorov (1916-2002), this first book on this important technology allows an understanding of the physics of atomic vapor laser isotope separation and new photochemical methods of laser isotope separation. One entire chapter is devoted to chemical reactions of atoms in excited states, while further chapters deal with the separation of isotopes by one photon isotope-selective and coherent isotope-selective two photon excitation of atoms. A final chapter looks at the prospects for the industrial production of isotope products by laser isotope separation. The whole is rounded off by six appendices.
Book Synopsis Special Isotope Separation Project Construction & Operation Using Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Technology (ID,WA,SC) by :
Download or read book Special Isotope Separation Project Construction & Operation Using Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Technology (ID,WA,SC) written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation of Lead-210 Isotope by :
Download or read book Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation of Lead-210 Isotope written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An isotopically selective laser process and apparatus for removal of Pb-210 from natural lead that involves a one-photon near-resonant, two-photon resonant excitation of one or more Rydberg levels, followed by field ionization and then electrostatic extraction. The wavelength to the near-resonant intermediate state is counter propagated with respect to the second wavelength required to populate the final Rydberg state. This scheme takes advantage of the large first excited state cross section, and only modest laser fluences are required. The non-resonant process helps to avoid two problems: first, stimulated Raman Gain due to the nearby F=3/2 hyperfine component of Pb-207 and, second, direct absorption of the first transition process light by Pb-207.
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Energy Research and Development Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :72 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation Program by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Energy Research and Development
Download or read book Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation Program written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Energy Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Laser Isotope Separation and the Future of Nuclear Proliferation by : Ruben M. Serrato
Download or read book Laser Isotope Separation and the Future of Nuclear Proliferation written by Ruben M. Serrato and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser isotope separation (LIS) is an emerging technology that uses relatively small, widely-available lasers to achieve civilian or weapons grade concentration of fissile material to fuel nuclear reactions. To date only a few, limited proliferation risk analyses of LIS technology have been conducted. This paper provides a historically and technically informed update on the current state of LIS technology and it explains the high likelihood of increased global LIS adoption. The paper also explains how international rules governing nuclear energy are ill-equipped to handle such new technology. It traces the current limitations to broader issues in international relations theory, especially the incomplete accounts of the role of technology in the proliferation dynamic in the dominant neorealism and social construction of technology approaches. The paper introduces the concept of "international technology development structure," a framework for understanding how technology-related opportunities and constraints at the international system-level influence state nuclear weapons choices. The paper provides a thorough update of recent international laser innovations relevant to laser isotope separation and it explains how the spread of laser-related knowledge expands state nuclear options and influences their choices. The paper also provides a country-by-country update on LIS programs and it uses the example of Iran's laser isotope separation program to show how existing International Atomic Energy Agency efforts and export control approaches will be inadequate to addressing dual-use technologies such as LIS. It concludes by proposing a new course that links good standing in nuclear non-proliferation agreements to participation in the World Trade Organization, global conferences, and fundamental university research. Ultimately, the paper attempts to provide a comprehensive account of how emerging laser isotope separation technology presents non-proliferation challenges and it attempts to explore options for addressing this new period in technological achievement and change.
Book Synopsis Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation Process by :
Download or read book Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation Process written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A laser spectroscopy system is utilized in an atomic vapor laser isotope separation process. The system determines spectral components of an atomic vapor utilizing a laser heterodyne technique.
Book Synopsis Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory by :
Download or read book Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of laser induced chemistry began in earnest early in the 1970's with the initiation of major efforts in laser isotope separation (LIS) of uranium. Though many specialized, small-scale photochemical and diagnostic applications have been identified and evaluated experimentally, and continue to show promise, currently the only high payoff, large-scale applications remain LIS of special elements. Aspects of the physical scaling, technology status and economic basis of uranium LIS are examined with special emphasis on the effort at LLNL.
Book Synopsis Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation by :
Download or read book Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomic vapor laser isotope separation (AVLIS) is a general and powerful technique. A major present application to the enrichment of uranium for light-water power reactor fuel has been under development for over 10 years. In June 1985 the Department of Energy announced the selection of AVLIS as the technology to meet the nation's future need for the internationally competitive production of uranium separative work. The economic basis for this decision is considered, with an indicated of the constraints placed on the process figures of merit and the process laser system. We then trace an atom through a generic AVLIS separator and give examples of the physical steps encountered, the models used to describe the process physics, the fundamental parameters involved, and the role of diagnostic laser measurements.
Book Synopsis Selected Papers on Laser Isotope Separation by : Jeff W. Eerkens
Download or read book Selected Papers on Laser Isotope Separation written by Jeff W. Eerkens and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 1995 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SPIE Milestones are collections of seminal papers from the world literature covering important discoveries and developments in optics and photonics.
Book Synopsis The Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation Program by : United States. Department of Energy. Office of Inspector General
Download or read book The Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation Program written by United States. Department of Energy. Office of Inspector General and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Application of Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation to the Enrichment of Mercury by :
Download or read book Application of Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation to the Enrichment of Mercury written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Workers at GTE/Sylvania have shown that the efficiency of fluorescent lighting may be markedly improved using mercury that has been enriched in the 196Hg isotope. A 5% improvement in the efficiency of fluorescent lighting in the United States could provide a savings of $450 million dollars in the corresponding reduction of electrical power consumption. We discuss the results of recent work done at our laboratory to develop a process for enriching mercury. The discussion centers around the results of spectroscopic measurements of excited-state lifetimes, photoionization cross sections, and isotope shifts.
Book Synopsis Overview of Uranium Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation by :
Download or read book Overview of Uranium Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Alternative Applications of Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation Technology by :
Download or read book Alternative Applications of Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation Program by :
Download or read book Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation (AVLIS) Program . Final Report, January--July 1992 by :
Download or read book Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation (AVLIS) Program . Final Report, January--July 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes work performed for the Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation (AVLIS) program from January through July, 1992. Each of the tasks assigned during this period is described, and results are presented. Section I details work on sensitivity matrices for the UDS relay telescope. These matrices show which combination of mirror motions may be performed in order to effect certain changes in beam parameters. In Section II, an analysis is given of transmission through a clipping aperture on the launch telescope deformable mirror. Observed large transmission losses could not be simulated in the analysis. An EXCEL spreadsheet program designed for in situ analysis of UDS optical systems is described in Section III. This spreadsheet permits analysis of changes in beam first-order characteristics due to changes in any optical system parameter, simple optimization to predict mirror motions needed to effect a combination of changes in beam parameters, and plotting of a variety of first-order data. Optical systems may be assembled directly from OSSD data. A CODE V nonsequential model of the UDS optical system is described in Section IV. This uses OSSD data to build the UDS model; mirror coordinates may thus be verified. Section V summarizes observations of relay telescope performance. Possible procedures which allow more accurate assessment of relay telescope performance are given.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Proliferation Using Laser Isotope Separation -- Verification Options by :
Download or read book Nuclear Proliferation Using Laser Isotope Separation -- Verification Options written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two levels of nonproliferation verification exist. Signatories of the basic agreements under the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) agree to open their nuclear sites to inspection by the IAEA. A more detailed and intrusive level was developed following the determination that Iraq had begun a nuclear weapons development program that was not detected by the original level of verification methods. This level, referred to as 93+2 and detailed in model protocol INFCIRC/540, allows the IAEA to do environmental monitoring of non-declared facilities that are suspected of containing proliferation activity, and possibly further inspections, as well as allowing more detailed inspections of declared sites. 56 countries have signed a Strengthened Safeguards Systems Additional Protocol as of 16 July 2001. These additional inspections can be done on the instigation of the IAEA itself, or after requests by other parties to the NPT, based on information that they have collected. Since information able to cause suspicion of proliferation could arrive at any country, it is important that countries have procedures in place that will assist them in making decisions related to these inspections. Furthermore, IAEA inspection resources are limited, and therefore care needs to be taken to make best use of these resources. Most of the nonproliferation verification inspections may be concentrated on establishing that diversion of nuclear materials is not occurring, but some fraction will be related to determining if undeclared sites have nuclear materials production taking place within them. Of these, most suspicions will likely be related to the major existing technologies for uranium enrichment and reprocessing for plutonium extraction, as it would seem most likely that nations attempting proliferation would use tested means of producing nuclear materials. However, as technology continues to advance and new methods of enrichment and reprocessing are developed, inspection-related procedures will need to be adapted to keep up with them. In order to make 93+2 inspections more useful, a systematic way of finding clues to nuclear proliferation would be useful. Also, to cope with the possible use of newer technology for proliferation, the list of clues might need to be expanded. This paper discusses the development and recognition of such clues. It concentrates on laser isotope separation (LIS) as a new proliferation technology, and uses Uranium Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation (U-AVLIS) as an example of LIS that is well known.
