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Assessing Building Vulnerability To Tsunami Hazard Using Integrative Remote Sensing And Gis Approaches
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Book Synopsis Assessing Building Vulnerability to Tsunami Hazard Using Integrative Remote Sensing and GIS Approaches by : Sumaryono
Download or read book Assessing Building Vulnerability to Tsunami Hazard Using Integrative Remote Sensing and GIS Approaches written by Sumaryono and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measuring the Environmental Context of Social Vulnerability to Urban Earthquake Hazards by : Tarek M. G. E. Rashed
Download or read book Measuring the Environmental Context of Social Vulnerability to Urban Earthquake Hazards written by Tarek M. G. E. Rashed and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measuring Vulnerability to Natural Hazards by : Birkmann
Download or read book Measuring Vulnerability to Natural Hazards written by Birkmann and published by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI). This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measuring Vulnerability to Natural Hazards presents a broad range of current approaches to measuring vulnerability. It provides a comprehensive overview of different concepts at the global, regional, national, and local levels, and explores various schools of thought. More than 40 distinguished academics and practitioners analyse quantitative and qualitative approaches, and examine their strengths and limitations. This book contains concrete experiences and examples from Africa, Asia, the Americas and Europe to illustrate the theoretical analyses.The authors provide answers to some of the key questions on how to measure vulnerability and they draw attention to issues with insufficient coverage, such as the environmental and institutional dimensions of vulnerability and methods to combine different methodologies.This book is a unique compilation of state-of-the-art vulnerability assessment and is essential reading for academics, students, policy makers, practitioners, and anybody else interested in understanding the fundamentals of measuring vulnerability. It is a critical review that provides important conclusions which can serve as an orientation for future research towards more disaster resilient communities.
Book Synopsis Tsunami Risk and Vulnerability by : Muhammad Rokhis Khomarudin
Download or read book Tsunami Risk and Vulnerability written by Muhammad Rokhis Khomarudin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis From Tsunami Science to Hazard and Risk Assessment: Methods and Models by : Stefano Lorito
Download or read book From Tsunami Science to Hazard and Risk Assessment: Methods and Models written by Stefano Lorito and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tsunami Warning and Preparedness by : National Research Council
Download or read book Tsunami Warning and Preparedness written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-03-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many coastal areas of the United States are at risk for tsunamis. After the catastrophic 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean, legislation was passed to expand U.S. tsunami warning capabilities. Since then, the nation has made progress in several related areas on both the federal and state levels. At the federal level, NOAA has improved the ability to detect and forecast tsunamis by expanding the sensor network. Other federal and state activities to increase tsunami safety include: improvements to tsunami hazard and evacuation maps for many coastal communities; vulnerability assessments of some coastal populations in several states; and new efforts to increase public awareness of the hazard and how to respond. Tsunami Warning and Preparedness explores the advances made in tsunami detection and preparedness, and identifies the challenges that still remain. The book describes areas of research and development that would improve tsunami education, preparation, and detection, especially with tsunamis that arrive less than an hour after the triggering event. It asserts that seamless coordination between the two Tsunami Warning Centers and clear communications to local officials and the public could create a timely and effective response to coastal communities facing a pending tsuanami. According to Tsunami Warning and Preparedness, minimizing future losses to the nation from tsunamis requires persistent progress across the broad spectrum of efforts including: risk assessment, public education, government coordination, detection and forecasting, and warning-center operations. The book also suggests designing effective interagency exercises, using professional emergency-management standards to prepare communities, and prioritizing funding based on tsunami risk.
Book Synopsis Geomatics in Tsunami by : Sm Ramasamy
Download or read book Geomatics in Tsunami written by Sm Ramasamy and published by New India Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributed articles; chiefly with reference to India.
Book Synopsis Assessment of Tsunami Vulnerability and Resilience of Coastal Ecosystems at the Andaman Sea Coast of Thailand by : Hannes Römer
Download or read book Assessment of Tsunami Vulnerability and Resilience of Coastal Ecosystems at the Andaman Sea Coast of Thailand written by Hannes Römer and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Treatise on Geomorphology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-02-27 with total page 6392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The changing focus and approach of geomorphic research suggests that the time is opportune for a summary of the state of discipline. The number of peer-reviewed papers published in geomorphic journals has grown steadily for more than two decades and, more importantly, the diversity of authors with respect to geographic location and disciplinary background (geography, geology, ecology, civil engineering, computer science, geographic information science, and others) has expanded dramatically. As more good minds are drawn to geomorphology, and the breadth of the peer-reviewed literature grows, an effective summary of contemporary geomorphic knowledge becomes increasingly difficult. The fourteen volumes of this Treatise on Geomorphology will provide an important reference for users from undergraduate students looking for term paper topics, to graduate students starting a literature review for their thesis work, and professionals seeking a concise summary of a particular topic. Information on the historical development of diverse topics within geomorphology provides context for ongoing research; discussion of research strategies, equipment, and field methods, laboratory experiments, and numerical simulations reflect the multiple approaches to understanding Earth’s surfaces; and summaries of outstanding research questions highlight future challenges and suggest productive new avenues for research. Our future ability to adapt to geomorphic changes in the critical zone very much hinges upon how well landform scientists comprehend the dynamics of Earth’s diverse surfaces. This Treatise on Geomorphology provides a useful synthesis of the state of the discipline, as well as highlighting productive research directions, that Educators and students/researchers will find useful. Geomorphology has advanced greatly in the last 10 years to become a very interdisciplinary field. Undergraduate students looking for term paper topics, to graduate students starting a literature review for their thesis work, and professionals seeking a concise summary of a particular topic will find the answers they need in this broad reference work which has been designed and written to accommodate their diverse backgrounds and levels of understanding Editor-in-Chief, Prof. J. F. Shroder of the University of Nebraska at Omaha, is past president of the QG&G section of the Geological Society of America and present Trustee of the GSA Foundation, while being well respected in the geomorphology research community and having won numerous awards in the field. A host of noted international geomorphologists have contributed state-of-the-art chapters to the work. Readers can be guaranteed that every chapter in this extensive work has been critically reviewed for consistency and accuracy by the World expert Volume Editors and by the Editor-in-Chief himself No other reference work exists in the area of Geomorphology that offers the breadth and depth of information contained in this 14-volume masterpiece. From the foundations and history of geomorphology through to geomorphological innovations and computer modelling, and the past and future states of landform science, no "stone" has been left unturned!
Book Synopsis Mapping Post-disaster Need by : Sabine Chandradewi Loos
Download or read book Mapping Post-disaster Need written by Sabine Chandradewi Loos and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After many disasters, humanitarian organizations, multilateral agencies, and governments must balance damage to the built environment with the disparate needs of diverse populations when planning for recovery. Fortunately, the emergence of nontraditional datasets--such as remote sensing or crowdsourced data--and the increasing focus on incorporating equity into disaster management, present an opportunity to inform effective and equitable planning decisions. The global availability of these nontraditional datasets also makes them particularly appealing for use in data-limited regions in the Global South that will be affected by future disasters. An overwhelming number of post-disaster data is available on building damage, making it difficult for users to synthesize into a single, credible estimate to use for loss estimates. And while there is an overwhelming amount of building damage data, there is a dearth of data that focuses on differences between households in their capacities to recover. This thesis introduces approaches to capture the physical and social needs of a region that has recently been affected by an earthquake, ultimately to support early recovery decisions. Specifically, I introduce two flexible approaches that leverage nontraditional datasets to rapidly estimate regional metrics of need after a disaster. The two measures of "need" I include in this thesis are 1) building damage and 2) non-recovery, a metric I introduce as a corollary to social vulnerability. The approach to estimate regional building damage is called the Geospatial Data Integration Framework, or G-DIF. G-DIF integrates multiple rapidly available datasets on building damage, whether it be from engineering models or remote sensing data, by calibrating them with a relatively small set of locally accurate field surveys. G-DIF was originally developed using damage data from the 2015 Nepal earthquake. Non-recovery is a metric that goes beyond building damage, looking to estimate which households are least likely to recover years after an earthquake. Similar to G-DIF, I develop a model for non-recovery in Nepal, this time associating multiple socioeconomic, geographic, and environmental factors to household inability to reconstruct five years after the 2015 earthquake. For both of these approaches, I evaluate their flexibility, or ability to adapt to new datasets and/or locations, including the Haiti 2010, New Zealand February 2011, and Italy 2016 earthquakes. The future of post-disaster data development not only needs to be statistically rigorous, but also usable and inclusive. Beyond developing clever and complex ways to model the impact from disasters, hazards engineers should thoughtfully consider the end users of our data products, and ultimately what populations we as a community are hoping to support. Overall, the approaches introduced in this thesis to estimate damage and non-recovery start to reconceptualize how we develop post-disaster data for decision-making, so we can start developing holistic and evidenced-based decisions that lead to more effective and just outcomes.
Book Synopsis Tsunami Susceptibility Assessment Using Remote Sensing and GIS by : T.F. Pattiasina
Download or read book Tsunami Susceptibility Assessment Using Remote Sensing and GIS written by T.F. Pattiasina and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Vulnerability of Port and Harbor Communities to Earthquake and Tsunami Hazards in the Pacific Northwest by : Nathan J. Wood
Download or read book Vulnerability of Port and Harbor Communities to Earthquake and Tsunami Hazards in the Pacific Northwest written by Nathan J. Wood and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquakes a . tsunamis pose significant threats to port and harbor communities in the Pacific Northwest. Developing effective mitigation and preparedness plans requires a comprehensive understanding of community vulnerability. Research presented here focuses on the vulnerability of ports and harbors to earthquake and tsunami hazards and includes a regional study of stakeholder perceptions, a community-based process that integrates stakeholder and technical advisor expertise and a GIS-based approach that combines regional data with local stakeholder knowledge. The perception study was conducted to gauge hazard and vulnerability awareness, current state of readiness and priorities for future work. To date, communities have developed mitigation and response strategies, with less energy devoted to post-event recovery plans. Although city and county hazard strategies have been developed, little has been done to make individual offices or businesses less vulnerable. To further vulnerability reduction efforts, respondents rated public outreach programs, cost/benefit analyses and hazard mapping efforts as high priority. The second study of port and harbor vulnerability focuses on an assessment approach based on the integration of technical advisor and stakeholder expertise in a collaborative workshop setting. Through this process, participants were most concerned with potential life loss and other nonstructural vulnerability issues rather than structural issues, such as damage to specific buildings. The inclusion of stakeholder input and assessments from both geographic and community function viewpoints provided a more robust representation of community vulnerability issues than only site-specific technical analyses. The third study of port and harbor vulnerability focuses on the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, with an emphasis on identifying community resources that protect life safety, the built environment and infrastructure integrity, and economic vitality. Products from this GIS approach, such as composite vulnerability maps, can serve as a basis for setting community priorities for increasing resiliency to natural hazards. Results from this GIS approach suggest that widely available on-line data sources must be supplemented with local knowledge if realistic preparedness and mitigation strategies are to be developed. Research presented here will help numerous agencies, organizations, and communities set priorities in future mitigation actions, be it research action plans, resource allocation, or investment planning.
Book Synopsis Floods in a Megacity by : Ashraf Dewan
Download or read book Floods in a Megacity written by Ashraf Dewan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-01 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flooding is one of the most devastating natural hazards in the world. Available records suggest that both flood frequency and severity are on the rise and this is likely to worsen in the context of climate change. As population, infrastructure and poverty grow rapidly in developing countries, particularly in urban agglomerations of 10 million people or more, floods could cause widespread devastation, economic damage and loss of life. Assessment of vulnerability and risk from naturally occurring phenomena is therefore imperative in order to achieve urban sustainability. This book uses geospatial techniques to evaluate hazards, risk and vulnerability at a metropolitan scale in a data-scarce country. An empirical study was performed using remote sensing, GIS and census data. This research offers a new approach to mapping population, infrastructures and communities at risk which can greatly contribute to the deeper understanding of flood disasters in a rapidly expanding megacity. Examples shown in this book are from Dhaka Megacity, however, the techniques and methods can easily be implemented in medium to large cities of similar characteristics. The book is essential reading for hazard researchers, geospatial scientists, disaster management professionals, geographers, urban planners, and social scientists. Ashraf M. Dewan is currently a Lecturer in the Department of Spatial Sciences at Curtin University, Western Australia (on leave from his substantive position as Associate Professor in the Geography & Environment Department at the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh).
Book Synopsis The Tsunami Threat by : Nils-Axel Morner
Download or read book The Tsunami Threat written by Nils-Axel Morner and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-01-29 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Submarine earthquakes, submarine slides and impacts may set large water volumes in motion characterized by very long wavelengths and a very high speed of lateral displacement, when reaching shallower water the wave breaks in over land - often with disastrous effects. This natural phenomenon is known as a tsunami event. By December 26, 2004, an event in the Indian Ocean, this word suddenly became known to the public. The effects were indeed disastrous and 227,898 people were killed. Tsunami events are a natural part of the Earth's geophysical system. There have been numerous events in the past and they will continue to be a threat to humanity; even more so today, when the coastal zone is occupied by so much more human activity and many more people. Therefore, tsunamis pose a very serious threat to humanity. The only way for us to face this threat is by increased knowledge so that we can meet future events by efficient warning systems and aid organizations. This book offers extensive and new information on tsunamis; their origin, history, effects, monitoring, hazards assessment and proposed handling with respect to precaution. Only through knowledge do we know how to behave in a wise manner. This book should be a well of tsunami knowledge for a long time, we hope.
Book Synopsis Tsunami Hazard Modeling and Loss Estimation in Israel - the Gulf of Elat and Bat Galim, Haifa as Case Studies by : Eran Frucht
Download or read book Tsunami Hazard Modeling and Loss Estimation in Israel - the Gulf of Elat and Bat Galim, Haifa as Case Studies written by Eran Frucht and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This thesis is part of the considerable efforts that are being done, in recent years, to understand and mitigate tsunami hazards and risks in Israel. The work follows the concept approach that the 'Risk' is the product of three components: the 'Hazard', the 'Values' and the 'Vulnerability' (after Kron, 2005). The first part of this work is dedicated to the 'Hazard' component. ...The second part of the work deals with tsunami loss estimation, according to two methods: Damage Criteria and Hazus model. ...... The 'Vulnerability' component was considered according to two methods: DC and Hazus, each provides different approach and results for the tsunami loss estimation. Based on the four DC models, the resulted loss showed some inconsistency in the scope of damage, which was originate from the differences among the local construction and coastal topography in which the damage functions of the models were developed. Thus, the 'Damage Criteria' approach appears suitable for preliminary investigation only and can provide rough estimation in the early stages of tsunami risk assessment and can be useful in cases where the available data is limited. The Second approach followed the Hazus methodology, which provided a detailed, state of the art tsunami loss estimation model. Its 'Vulnerability' component is represented by fragility curves that were developed according to US standards and codes and had to be adopted according to the local Israeli construction methods and design codes. A parametric study of Hazus fragility curves was preformed and its findings emphasized the significance of three building's parameters, on the building resistance against tsunami flow: Model Building Type (MBT), seismic design code and number of floors. ...Three models different in their 'Vulnerability' component, were examined, as part of the sensitivity tests of the Bat Galim Hazus loss estimation model. These tests focused on the importance of the building type and seismic design code attributes on the Bat Galim tsunami risk. ..." -- from the abstract.
Book Synopsis Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard and Damage Assessment of the Built Environment by : Hyoungsu Park
Download or read book Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard and Damage Assessment of the Built Environment written by Hyoungsu Park and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Damage estimates to the built environment from tsunamis are important for disaster mitigation, including planning emergency response and recovery. This dissertation evaluates the damage states of buildings in a small urban coastal city, Seaside, Oregon, from tsunami hazards generated by a Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) event. This study is separated into two parts: (1) tsunami hazard assessment, and (2) tsunami damage assessment of buildings. For the tsunami hazard assessment, a new method is presented to characterize the randomness of the fault slip in terms of the moment magnitude, peak slip location, and a fault slip shape distribution parameterized as a Gaussian distribution. For the tsunami inundation resulting from the seismic event, five tsunami intensity measures (IMs) are estimated: (1) the maximum inundation depth, h[subscript Max], (2) the maximum velocity, V[subscript Max], (3) the maximum momentum flux, M[subscript Max], (4) the initial arrival time exceeding a 1 m inundation depth, T[subscript A], and (5) the duration exceeding a 1 m inundation depth, T[subscript h], and presented in the form of annual exceedance probabilities conditioned on a full-rupture CSZ event. The IMs are generally observed to increase as the moment magnitude increases, as the proximity of the peak slip becomes closer to the study area, and as the distribution of fault shape narrows. Among the IMs, the arrival time (TA) shows a relatively weak sensitivity to the aleatory uncertainty while the other IMs show significant sensitivity, especially M[subscript Max]. It is observed at the shoreline that MMax increases by an order of magnitude from the 500-year to the 1,000-year event, while h[subscript Max] increases by a factor of 3, and TA decreases by only factor of 0.05. The intensity of IMs generally decreases inland, but there are also varying dependencies on bathymetry. For example, a shorter inundation duration, Th ( 10 min) is observed at the higher ground level (z 3 m) while a longer Th (~100 min) is observed near the river and creek. For the tsunami damage assessment, the annual exceedance of the IMs, h[subscript Max] and M[subscript Max] are used to estimate building damage using a fragility curve analysis. Tax lot data, Google Street View, and field reconnaissance surveys are used to classify the buildings at a community scale and match with existing fragility curves according to construction material, floor level and build year. The fragility analysis is used to estimate the damage probability of buildings for a 1,000-year event conditioned on a full-rupture CSZ event. The sensitivity of building damage to the both the aleatory and epistemic uncertainty involved in the process of damage estimation are presented. Fragility curves based on depth and based on momentum flux both generally show higher damage probability for structures that are wooden and closer to the shoreline than those that are reinforced concreted (RC) and landward of the shoreline. However, a relatively high damage probability was found at the river and creek region from the fragility curve analysis using h[subscript Max]. Within 500 m from the shoreline, wood structure damage shows a significant sensitivity to the aleatory uncertainty of the tsunami generation from the CSZ event. On the other hand, RC structure damage showed equal sensitivity to the aleatory uncertainty of the tsunami generation as well as the epistemic uncertainties due to the numerical modelling of the tsunami inundation (friction), the building classification (material and build year), and the type of fragility curves (depth or momentum type curves). Further from the shoreline, the wood structures showed similar uncertainties to the aleatory and epistemic uncertainties.
Book Synopsis Scoping Study for Evaluating the Tsunami Vulnerability of New Zealand Buildings for Use As Evacuation Structures by : Graham Leonard
Download or read book Scoping Study for Evaluating the Tsunami Vulnerability of New Zealand Buildings for Use As Evacuation Structures written by Graham Leonard and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
