Artistic and Cultural Exchanges Between Europe and Asia, 1400-1900

Download Artistic and Cultural Exchanges Between Europe and Asia, 1400-1900 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 9780754669371
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (693 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Artistic and Cultural Exchanges Between Europe and Asia, 1400-1900 by : Michael North

Download or read book Artistic and Cultural Exchanges Between Europe and Asia, 1400-1900 written by Michael North and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2010 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, relations between Europe and Asia have been studied in a hegemonic perspective, with Europe as the dominant political and economic centre. This book focuses on cultural exchange between different European and Asian civilizations, with the r

Artistic and Cultural Exchanges between Europe and Asia, 1400-1900

Download Artistic and Cultural Exchanges between Europe and Asia, 1400-1900 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351956922
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Artistic and Cultural Exchanges between Europe and Asia, 1400-1900 by : Michael North

Download or read book Artistic and Cultural Exchanges between Europe and Asia, 1400-1900 written by Michael North and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-12-05 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European expansion to Asia was driven by the desire for spices and Asian luxury products. Its results, however, exceeded the mere exchange of commodities and precious metals. The meeting of Asia and Europe signaled not only the beginnings of a global market but also a change in taste and lifestyle that influences our lives even today. Manifold kinds of cultural transfers evolved within a market framework that was not just confined to intercontinental and intra-Asiatic trade. In Europe and Asia markets for specific cultural products emerged and the transfers of objects affected domestic arts and craft production. Traditionally, relations between Europe and Asia have been studied in a hegemonic perspective, with Europe as the dominant political and economic centre. Even with respect to cultural exchange, the model of diffusion regarded Europe as the centre, and Asia the recipient, whereby Asian objects in Europe became exotica in the Kunst- und Wunderkammern. Conceptions of Europe and Asia as two monolithic regions emerged in this context. However, with the current process of globalization these constructions and the underlying models of cultural exchange have come under scrutiny. For this reason, the book focuses on cultural exchange between different European and Asian civilizations, whereby the reciprocal complexities of cultural transfers are at the centre of observation. By investigating art markets, workshops and collections in Europe and Asia the contributors exemplify the varieties of cultural exchange. The book examines the changing roles of Asian objects in European material culture and collections and puts a special emphasis on the reception of European visual arts in colonial settlements in Asia as well as in different Asian societies.

Art, Trade, and Cultural Mediation in Asia, 1600–1950

Download Art, Trade, and Cultural Mediation in Asia, 1600–1950 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 113757237X
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Art, Trade, and Cultural Mediation in Asia, 1600–1950 by : Raquel A. G. Reyes

Download or read book Art, Trade, and Cultural Mediation in Asia, 1600–1950 written by Raquel A. G. Reyes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-12 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Palgrave Pivot explores the social and cultural impact of global trade at a micro-level from around 1600 to 1950. Bringing together the collaborative skills of cultural, social, economic, and art historians, it examines how the diffusion of trade, goods and objects affected people’s everyday lives. The authors tell several stories: of the role played by a host of intermediaries – such as apothecaries, artisans and missionaries who facilitated the process; of objects such as Japanese export lacquer-ware and paintings; of how diverse artistic influences came to be expressed in colonial church architecture in the Philippines; of revolutionary changes wrought on quotidian tastes and preferences, as shown in the interior decoration of private homes in the Dutch East Indies; and of transformations in the smoking and drinking habits of Southeast Asians. The chapters consider the conditions from which emerged new forms of artistic production and transfer, fresh cultural interpretations, and expanded markets for goods, objects and images.

The Globalization of Renaissance Art

Download The Globalization of Renaissance Art PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004355790
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (43 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Globalization of Renaissance Art by : Daniel Savoy

Download or read book The Globalization of Renaissance Art written by Daniel Savoy and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2017-12-11 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Globalization of Renaissance Art: A Critical Review, Daniel Savoy assembles an interdisciplinary group of scholars to evaluate the global discourse on early modern European art. Over the course of eleven chapters and a roundtable, the contributors assess the discourse’s goal of transcending Eurocentric boundaries, reflecting on the strengths and weaknesses of current terms, methods, theories, and concepts. Although it is clear that the global perspective has exposed the artistic and cultural pluralism of early modern Europe, it is found that more work needs to be done at the epistemological level of art history as a whole. Contributors: Claire Farago, Elizabeth Horodowich, Lauren Jacobi, Thomas DaCosta Kaufmann, Jessica Keating, Stephanie Leitch, Emanuele Lugli, Lia Markey, Sean Roberts, Ananda Cohen-Aponte, and Marie Neil Wolff.

A Cultural History of Furniture in the Middle Ages and Renaissance

Download A Cultural History of Furniture in the Middle Ages and Renaissance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 135027996X
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (52 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Cultural History of Furniture in the Middle Ages and Renaissance by : Erin J. Campbell

Download or read book A Cultural History of Furniture in the Middle Ages and Renaissance written by Erin J. Campbell and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2022-02-24 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Middle Ages were marked by dramatic social, economic, political, and religious changes. Diverse regional and local conditions, and varied social classes - including peasant, artisan, merchant, clergy, nobility, and rulers - resulted in differing needs for furniture. The social settings for furniture included official and private residences both grand and humble, churches and monasteries, and civic institutions, including places of governance and learning, such as municipal halls, guild halls, and colleges. This volume explores how furniture contributed to the social fabric within these varied spaces. The chronological range of this volume extends from the fall of the Roman Empire through to the early Renaissance, a period which exhibited a wide array of types, styles, and motifs, including Byzantine, Romanesque, Gothic, and Renaissance. Rural and regional styles of furniture are also considered, as well as techniques of furniture manufacture. Drawing upon a wealth of visual and textual sources, this volume presents essays that examine key characteristics of the furniture of the period on the themes of Design and Motifs; Makers, Making, and Materials; Types and Uses; The Domestic Setting; The Public Setting; Exhibition and Display; Furniture and Architecture; Visual Representations; and Verbal Representations.

European Art and the Wider World 1350–1550

Download European Art and the Wider World 1350–1550 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 152612291X
Total Pages : 459 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (261 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis European Art and the Wider World 1350–1550 by : Kathleen Christian

Download or read book European Art and the Wider World 1350–1550 written by Kathleen Christian and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-01 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on issues of assimilation, translation and misunderstanding as art objects moved between cultures, either literally or imaginatively, and considers how visual culture expresses the increasing contact between Europe and the rest of the world in this era.

Seeing Across Cultures in the Early Modern World

Download Seeing Across Cultures in the Early Modern World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 9781409411895
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (118 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Seeing Across Cultures in the Early Modern World by : Dana Leibsohn

Download or read book Seeing Across Cultures in the Early Modern World written by Dana Leibsohn and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2012 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What were the possibilities and limits of vision in the early modern world? Drawing upon experiences forged in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas, Seeing Across Cultures shows how distinctive ways of habituating the eyes in the early modern period had profound implications-in the realm of politics, daily practice and the imaginary. Beyond their interest in visual culture, the essays here expand our understanding of transcultural encounters and the history of vision.

Art Markets, Agents and Collectors

Download Art Markets, Agents and Collectors PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1501348892
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Art Markets, Agents and Collectors by : Adriana Turpin

Download or read book Art Markets, Agents and Collectors written by Adriana Turpin and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2021-05-06 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Art Markets, Agents and Collectors brings together a wide variety of case studies, based on letters and detailed archival research, which nuance the history of the art market and the role of the collector within it. Using diaries, account books and other archival sources, the contributions to this volume show how agents set up networks and acquired works of art, often developing the taste and knowledge of the collectors for whom they were working. They are therefore seen as important actors in the market, having a specific role that separates them from auctioneers, dealers, museum curators or amateurs, while at the same time acknowledging and analyzing the dual positions that many held. Each chronological period is introduced by a contextual essay, written by a leading expert in the field, which sets out the art market in the period concerned and the ways in which agents functioned. This book is an invaluable tool for those needing a broader introduction to the intricate workings of the art market.

Early Modern Dutch Prints of Africa

Download Early Modern Dutch Prints of Africa PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351569058
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Early Modern Dutch Prints of Africa by : ElizabethA. Sutton

Download or read book Early Modern Dutch Prints of Africa written by ElizabethA. Sutton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using Pieter de Marees' Description and Historical Account of the Gold Kingdom of Guinea (1602) as her main source material, author Elizabeth Sutton brings to bear approaches from the disciplines of art history and book history to explore the context in which De Marees' account was created. Since variations of the images and text were repeated in other European travel collections and decorated maps, Sutton is able to trace how the framing of text and image shaped the formation of knowledge that continued to be repeated and distilled in later European depictions of Africans. She reads the engravings in De Marees' account as a demonstration of the intertwining domains of the Dutch pictorial tradition, intellectual inquiry, and Dutch mercantilism. At the same time, by analyzing the marketing tactics of the publisher, Cornelis Claesz, this study illuminates how early modern epistemological processes were influenced by the commodification of knowledge. Sutton examines the book's construction and marketing to shed new light on the social milieus that shared interests in ethnography, trade, and travel. Exploring how the images and text function together, Sutton suggests that Dutch visual and intellectual traditions informed readers' choices for translating De Marees' text visually. Through the examination of early modern Dutch print culture, Early Modern Dutch Prints of Africa expands the boundaries of our understanding of the European imperial enterprise.

Eighteenth-Century Art Worlds

Download Eighteenth-Century Art Worlds PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1501335499
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Eighteenth-Century Art Worlds by : Michael Yonan

Download or read book Eighteenth-Century Art Worlds written by Michael Yonan and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2019-02-21 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the connected, international character of today's art world is well known, the eighteenth century too had a global art world. Eighteenth-Century Art Worlds is the first book to attempt a map of the global art world of the eighteenth century. Fourteen essays from a distinguished group of scholars explore both cross-cultural connections and local specificities of art production and consumption in Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe. The result is an account of a series of interconnected and asymmetrical art worlds that were well developed in the eighteenth century. Capturing the full material diversity of eighteenth-century art, this book considers painting and sculpture alongside far more numerous prints and decorative objects. Analyzing the role of place in the history of eighteenth-century art, it bridges the disciplines of art history and cultural geography, and draws attention away from any one place as a privileged art-historical site, while highlighting places such as Manila, Beijing, Mexico City, and London as significant points on globalized map of the eighteenth-century art world. Eighteenth-Century Art Worlds combines a broad global perspective on the history of art with careful attention to how global artistic concerns intersect with local ones, offering a framework for future studies in global art history.

Spaces of Mediation

Download Spaces of Mediation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Evangelische Verlagsanstalt
ISBN 13 : 3374057578
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (74 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Spaces of Mediation by : Su-Chi Lin

Download or read book Spaces of Mediation written by Su-Chi Lin and published by Evangelische Verlagsanstalt. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing upon fine art and objects made for pedagogical and devotional needs of the local Christian communities, including prints, posters, paintings, and photographs dating from the early twentieth century to the present, this volume mainly explores Christian art in Taiwan. By recognizing the artistic development from merely adapting traditional Christian iconography to creating new indigenous narratives, Su-Chi Lin examines the issue of visual representation raised in such inculturation processes, and considers whether these artworks offer models to re-imagine the contextual illustration of global Christian faith. [Räume der Vermittlung. Christliche Kunst und visuelle Kultur in Taiwan] Der vorliegende Band erkundet christliche Kunst in Taiwan am Beispiel von Bildender Kunst und Kunsthandwerk, das für pädagogische und devotionale Zwecke der lokalen christlichen Gemeinschaften geschaffen wurde. Die Drucke, Poster, Bilder und Photographien datieren vom frühen 20. Jahrhundert bis heute. Die künstlerische Entwicklung reicht dabei von der bloßen Adaption christlicher Ikonographie bis zur Schöpfung neuer indigener Narrative. Su-Chi Lin untersucht die visuellen Repräsentationen in solchen Inkulturationsprozessen und geht der Frage nach, ob diese Kunstwerke Modelle anbieten für die kontextuelle Illustration des globalen christlichen Glaubens.

"Travel, Collecting, and Museums of Asian Art in Nineteenth-Century Paris "

Download

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351538454
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis "Travel, Collecting, and Museums of Asian Art in Nineteenth-Century Paris " by : Ting Chang

Download or read book "Travel, Collecting, and Museums of Asian Art in Nineteenth-Century Paris " written by Ting Chang and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Travel, Collecting, and Museums of Asian Art in Nineteenth-Century Paris examines a history of contact between modern Europe and East Asia through three collectors: Henri Cernuschi, Emile Guimet, and Edmond de Goncourt. Drawing on a wealth of material including European travelogues of the East and Asian reports of the West, Ting Chang explores the politics of mobility and cross-cultural encounter in the nineteenth century. This book takes a new approach to museum studies and institutional critique by highlighting what is missing from the existing scholarship -- the foreign labors, social relations, and somatic experiences of travel that are constitutive of museums yet left out of their histories. The author explores how global trade and monetary theory shaped Cernuschi's collection of archaic Chinese bronze. Exchange systems, both material and immaterial, determined Guimet's museum of religious objects and Goncourt's private collection of Asian art. Bronze, porcelain, and prints articulated the shifting relations and frameworks of understanding between France, Japan, and China in a time of profound transformation. Travel, Collecting, and Museums of Asian Art in Nineteenth-Century Paris thus looks at what Asian art was imagined to do for Europe. This book will be of interest to scholars and students interested in art history, travel imagery, museum studies, cross-cultural encounters, and modern transnational histories.

Global Trade and the Transformation of Consumer Cultures

Download Global Trade and the Transformation of Consumer Cultures PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521192560
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (211 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Global Trade and the Transformation of Consumer Cultures by : Beverly Lemire

Download or read book Global Trade and the Transformation of Consumer Cultures written by Beverly Lemire and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Charts the rise of consumerism and the new cosmopolitan material cultures that took shape across the globe from 1500 to 1820.

Globalizing Borderlands Studies in Europe and North America

Download Globalizing Borderlands Studies in Europe and North America PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 080328893X
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Globalizing Borderlands Studies in Europe and North America by : John W. I. Lee

Download or read book Globalizing Borderlands Studies in Europe and North America written by John W. I. Lee and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Borderlands are complex spaces that can involve military, religious, economic, political, and cultural interactions--all of which may vary by region and over time. John W.I. Lee and Michael North bring together interdisciplinary scholars to analyze a wide range of border issues and to encourage a nuanced dialogue addressing the concepts and processes of borderlands. Gathering the voices of a diverse range of international scholars, Globalizing Borderlands Studies in Europe and North America presents case studies from ancient to modern times, highlighting topics ranging from religious conflicts to medical frontiers to petty trade. Spanning geographical regions of Europe, the Baltics, North Africa, the American West, and Mexico, these essays shed new light on the complex processes of boundary construction, maintenance, and crossing, as well as on the importance of economic, political, social, ethnic, and religious interactions in the borderlands. Globalizing Borderlands Studies in Europe and North America not only forges links between past and present scholarship but also paves the way for new models and approaches in future borderlands research"--

Circulations in the Global History of Art

Download Circulations in the Global History of Art PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317166140
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Circulations in the Global History of Art by : Thomas DaCosta Kaufmann

Download or read book Circulations in the Global History of Art written by Thomas DaCosta Kaufmann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-03 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The project of global art history calls for balanced treatment of artifacts and a unified approach. This volume emphasizes questions of transcultural encounters and exchanges as circulations. It presents a strategy that highlights the processes and connections among cultures, and also responds to the dynamics at work in the current globalized art world. The editors’ introduction provides an account of the historical background to this approach to global art history, stresses the inseparable bond of theory and practice, and suggests a revaluation of materialist historicism as an underlying premise. Individual contributions to the book provide an overview of current reflection and research on issues of circulation in relation to global art history and the globalization of art past and present. They offer a variety of methods and approaches to the treatment of different periods, regions, and objects, surveying both questions of historiography and methodology and presenting individual case studies. An 'Afterword' by James Elkins gives a critique of the present project. The book thus deliberately leaves discussion open, inviting future responses to the large questions it poses.

Before the Raj

Download Before the Raj PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 142143962X
Total Pages : 183 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Before the Raj by : James Mulholland

Download or read book Before the Raj written by James Mulholland and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2021-04-27 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anglo-India's regional literature was both a practical and imaginative response to a pivotal period in the early colonialism of South Asia. Awarded as Honorable Mention of the Louis Gottschalk Prize by the American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies (ASECS). Shortlisted for the Kenshur Prize by the Center for Eighteenth-Century Studies, Indiana University, John Ben Snow Prize by the North American Conference on British Studies, Marilyn Gaull Book Award by the Wordsworth-Coleridge Association. During the later decades of the eighteenth century, a rapid influx of English-speaking Europeans arrived in India with an interest in expanding the creation and distribution of anglophone literature. At the same time, a series of military, political, and economic successes for the British in Asia created the first global crisis to shepherd in an international system of national ideologies. In this study of colonial literary production, James Mulholland proposes that the East India Company was a central actor in the institutionalization of anglophone literary culture in India. The EIC drew its employees from around the British Isles, bringing together people with a wide variety of ethnic and national origins. Its cultural infrastructure expanded from presses and newspapers to poetry collections, letters, paper-making and selling, circulating libraries, and amateur theaters. Recovering this rich archive of documents and activities, Mulholland shows how regional reading and writing reflected the knotty geopolitical situation and the comingling of Anglo and Indian cultures at a moment when the subcontinent's colonial future was not yet clear. He shows why Anglo-Indian literary publics cohered during this period, reexamining the relationship between writing in English and imperial power in a way that moves beyond the easy correspondence of literature as an instrument of empire. Tracing regional and "translocal" links among Madras, Calcutta, Bombay, and settlements surrounding the Bay of Bengal, Before the Raj recovers a network of authors, reading publics, and corporate agents to demonstrate that anglophone literature adapted itself to geographical politics and social circumstances, rather than being simply imitative of the works produced in the English metropole. Mulholland introduces readers to figures like the Calcutta-born Eyles Irwin, the first man to sustain a literary career from India. We also meet James Romney, an army officer who wrote poems and plays, including a stage adaptation of Tristram Shandy. Alongside these men were anonymous female poets, hailed as the harbingers of an "anglo-asiatic taste," and captive adolescent Europeans who, caught up in the conflict with southern India's last independent ruler, Tipu Sultan, were forcibly converted to Islam, castrated, and made to cross-dress as "dancing boys" for Tipu's entertainment. Revealing the vibrant literary culture that existed long before the characters of Rudyard Kipling's best-known works, Before the Raj reveals how these writers operated within a web of colonial cities and trading outposts that borrowed from one another and produced vital interlinked aesthetics.

A World History of the Seas

Download A World History of the Seas PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350145459
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A World History of the Seas by : Michael North

Download or read book A World History of the Seas written by Michael North and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-18 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering an introduction to the world's seas as a platform for global exchange and connection, Michael North offers an impressive world history of the seas over more than 3,000 years. Exploring the challenges and dangers of the oceans that humans have struggled with for centuries, he also shows the possibilities and opportunities they have provided from antiquity to the modern day. Written to demonstrate the global connectivity of the seas, but also to highlight regional maritime power during different eras, A World History of the Seas takes sailors, merchants and migrants as the protagonists of these histories and explores how their experiences and perceptions of the seas were consolidated through trade and cultural exchange. Bringing together the various maritime historiographies of the world and underlining their unity, this book shows how the ocean has been a vital and natural space of globalization. Carrying goods, creating alliances, linking continents and conveying culture, the history of the ocean played a central role in creating our modern globalized world.