Arctic Hydroclimate Variability During The Last 2000 Years Current Understanding And Research Challenges

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Arctic Hydroclimate Variability During the Last 2000 Years - Current Understanding and Research Challenges

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 87 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Arctic Hydroclimate Variability During the Last 2000 Years Â#x80 ; #x93 ; Current Understanding and Research Challenges

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 87 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Arctic Hydroclimate Variability During the Last 2000 Years Â#x80 ; #x93 ; Current Understanding and Research Challenges by :

Download or read book Arctic Hydroclimate Variability During the Last 2000 Years Â#x80 ; #x93 ; Current Understanding and Research Challenges written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Along with Arctic amplification, changes in Arctic hydroclimate have become increasingly apparent. Reanalysis data show increasing trends in Arctic temperature and precipitation over the 20th 30 century, but changes are not homogenous across seasons or space. The observed hydroclimate changes are expected to continue, and possibly accelerate, in the coming century, not only affecting pan-Arctic natural ecosystems and human activities, but also lower latitudes through changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation. However, a lack of spatiotemporal observational data makes reliable quantification of Arctic hydroclimate change difficult, especially in a long-term context. To understand hydroclimate variability and the 35 mechanisms driving observed changes, beyond the instrumental record, climate proxies are needed. Here we bring together the current understanding of Arctic hydroclimate during the past 2000 years, as inferred from natural archives and proxies and palaeoclimate model simulations. Inadequate prox.

Arctic Hydroclimate Variability During the Last 2000 Years - Current Understanding and Research Challenges

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Arctic Hydroclimate Variability During the Last 2000 Years - Current Understanding and Research Challenges by :

Download or read book Arctic Hydroclimate Variability During the Last 2000 Years - Current Understanding and Research Challenges written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Along with Arctic amplification, changes in Arctic hydroclimate have become increasingly apparent. Reanalysis data show increasing trends in Arctic temperature and precipitation over the 20th 30 century, but changes are not homogenous across seasons or space. The observed hydroclimate changes are expected to continue, and possibly accelerate, in the coming century, not only affecting pan-Arctic natural ecosystems and human activities, but also lower latitudes through changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation. However, a lack of spatiotemporal observational data makes reliable quantification of Arctic hydroclimate change difficult, especially in a long-term context. To understand hydroclimate variability and the 35 mechanisms driving observed changes, beyond the instrumental record, climate proxies are needed. Here we bring together the current understanding of Arctic hydroclimate during the past 2000 years, as inferred from natural archives and proxies and palaeoclimate model simulations. Inadequate proxy data coverage is apparent, with distinct data gaps in most of Eurasia and parts of North America, which makes robust assessments for the whole Arctic currently impossible. Hydroclimate proxies and climate models indicate that the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) was anomalously wet, while conditions were in general drier during the Little Ice Age (LIA), relative to the last 2000 years. However, it is clear that there are large regional differences, which are especially evident during the LIA. Due to the spatiotemporal differences in Arctic hydroclimate, we recommend detailed regional studies, e.g. including field reconstructions, to disentangle spatial patterns and potential forcing factors. At present, it is only possible to carry out regional syntheses for a few areas of the Arctic, e.g. 5 Fennoscandia, Greenland and western North America. To fully assess pan-Arctic hydroclimate variability for the last two millennia additional proxy records are required.

Zooplankton Diversity and Pelagic Food Webs

Author : Marina Manca
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039435493
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Zooplankton Diversity and Pelagic Food Webs by : Marina Manca

Download or read book Zooplankton Diversity and Pelagic Food Webs written by Marina Manca and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-05-04 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zooplankton are of key importance in the structure and functioning of aquatic food webs. They contribute to a large part of the functional and structural biodiversity of predator and prey plankton communities. Promptly responding to long-term and seasonal changes in the physical and chemical environment, they are sensitive indicators of patterns and mechanisms of impact drivers, both natural and human induced. In this volume, we aim to present evidence for both long-term and seasonal changes in zooplankton community structure and dynamics, investigating different approaches from population dynamics to advanced molecular techniques and reconstructing past communities from subfossil remains in lake sediments.

The Northern North Atlantic

Author : Priska Schäfer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540672319
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (723 download)

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Book Synopsis The Northern North Atlantic by : Priska Schäfer

Download or read book The Northern North Atlantic written by Priska Schäfer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-04-02 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The northern North Atlantic is one of the regions most sensitive to past and present global changes. This book integrates the results of an interdisciplinary project studying the properties of the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Seas and the processes of pelagic and benthic particle formation, particle transport, and deposition in the deep-sea sediments. Ice-related and biogeochemical processes have been investigated to decipher the spatial and temporal variability of the production and fate of organic carbon in this region. Isotopic stratigraphy, microfossil assemblages and paleotemperatures are combined to reconstruct paleoceanographic conditions and to model past climatic changes in the Late Quaternary. The Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Seas can now be considered one of the best studied subbasins of the world`s oceans.

Hydroclimate in Eurasia from the Arctic to the Tropics

Author : Ipshita Majhi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Hydroclimate in Eurasia from the Arctic to the Tropics by : Ipshita Majhi

Download or read book Hydroclimate in Eurasia from the Arctic to the Tropics written by Ipshita Majhi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrometeorology in Eurasia connects the Arctic with lower latitudes through exchanges in moisture and teleconnections influencing climate variability. This thesis investigates the role of dams on the Kolyma basin, of precipitation and temperature change on a pristine permafrost lined basin of the Yana, and of changing snow cover over Eurasia on the Indian Monsoon. These three pieces of work illustrate different aspects of a changing climate that impact Eurasian hydrometeorological variations. The Kolyma is one of the large rivers which flows into the Arctic Ocean where there has been a large winter increase and summer decrease in flow over the 1986-2000 period. Winter months are characterized by low flow while summer months by high flow. Reservoir regulation was identified as the main cause of changes in the discharge pattern, since water is released in winter for power generation and stored in summer for flood control. The overall discharge to the Arctic Ocean has decreased for Kolyma basin, despite the increase during winter. This study documents how human activities (particularly reservoirs) impact seasonal and regional hydrological variations. The Yana Basin is a small pristine basin that has experienced minimal human impact and is ideal for investigating the role of climate variability on discharge. The precipitation discharge and temperature discharge analysis for Ubileinaya suggests that increased precipitation and higher temperatures resulted in higher discharge, but other parameters also come into play since greater precipitation does not always yield higher discharge. Overall our analysis for this station has increased our understanding of natural basins and how the climate variables like precipitation and temperature play a role. Recent increases in May-June Indian monsoon rain fall were investigated in the context of Eurasian snow cover variations since the onset of the monsoon has long been linked to Himalayan snow cover. Himalayan snow cover and depth have decreased and this study argues that this is the driver of increased rainfall during May-June, the pre-monsoon and early monsoon period. In addition, there has been an increase in snow water equivalent in Northern part of Eurasia and decrease in Southern part, suggesting that the anomalies are large-scale. Storm track analysis reveals an increase in the number of storms in northern and a decrease in southern Eurasia. The large-scale Eurasian snow increases have been shown by other studies to be linked to Arctic sea ice decline. The direct linkage between fall Arctic sea ice decline and an increase in May-June Indian monsoon rainfall is proposed in this work but the exact climate mechanism is tenuous at this point. This study is focused on understanding changing Arctic rivers and the connection of the Arctic with the Indian monsoon. Our study has shed some light into the connection between the Arctic and the tropics. This study could benefit from modeling study where we could have case study with and without sea ice to understand better how that could impact the monsoon and the hydrological cycle in the present and the future. Better understanding of the mechanism would help us take steps towards better adaptation policies.

Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309444640
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many factors contribute to variability in Earth's climate on a range of timescales, from seasons to decades. Natural climate variability arises from two different sources: (1) internal variability from interactions among components of the climate system, for example, between the ocean and the atmosphere, and (2) natural external forcings, such as variations in the amount of radiation from the Sun. External forcings on the climate system also arise from some human activities, such as the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols. The climate that we experience is a combination of all of these factors. Understanding climate variability on the decadal timescale is important to decision-making. Planners and policy makers want information about decadal variability in order to make decisions in a range of sectors, including for infrastructure, water resources, agriculture, and energy. In September 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to examine variability in Earth's climate on decadal timescales, defined as 10 to 30 years. During the workshop, ocean and climate scientists reviewed the state of the science of decadal climate variability and its relationship to rates of human-caused global warming, and they explored opportunities for improvement in modeling and observations and assessing knowledge gaps. Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Quantifying Climate Variability During the Past Two Thousand Years Using Lake Sediments from Northeast Baffin Island, Arctic Canada

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Author : Elizabeth K. Thomas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 95 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantifying Climate Variability During the Past Two Thousand Years Using Lake Sediments from Northeast Baffin Island, Arctic Canada by : Elizabeth K. Thomas

Download or read book Quantifying Climate Variability During the Past Two Thousand Years Using Lake Sediments from Northeast Baffin Island, Arctic Canada written by Elizabeth K. Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic is sensitive to climate change because of positive feedbacks, especially those involving the cryosphere. Changes in the Arctic are of scientific and social interest because they have the potential to affect the global climate system via several mechanisms, including the planet's heat budget and sea level rise. High-resolution (i.e. annual to sub-centennial) paleoclimate records increase our spatial and temporal understanding of arctic climate and help to place current changes in a long-term context. Lakes are one of few archives of high-resolution paleoclimate data in the Arctic. This project utilizes two quantitative lacustrine paleoclimate proxies to obtain high-resolution paleotemperature records on northeast Baffin Island, Arctic Canada for recent millennia: a 2400-year-long chironomid (non-biting midge; Diptera: Chironomidae) record and a 1000-year-long varve (annually laminated sediment) record. Dramatic changes in chironomid assemblages during the 20 th century (c.) illustrate that ecological thresholds, unprecedented in the last 5000 years, are being crossed. Stepwise increases in varve thickness during the 19 th and 20 th c. match regional ice cap melt layer and instrumental temperature records. Although the timing of recent warming differs between the two records, the magnitude of warming is similar: summers during the Little Ice Age ( -15 th -19 th c.) are 1-1.5°C cooler than today and pre-20 th c. summer temperatures ( -11 th and 12 th c.) do not exceed present-day summer temperature. Both records also corroborate evidence that the Arctic is particularly sensitive to natural and anthropogenic climate forcing mechanisms. These two independent records provide a unique, detailed understanding of climate during the past two millennia on northeast Baffin Island.

The Climate of the Arctic

Author : Rajmund Przybylak
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783319330662
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis The Climate of the Arctic by : Rajmund Przybylak

Download or read book The Climate of the Arctic written by Rajmund Przybylak and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a new and revised second edition of the book ‘The Climate of the Arctic’, published in 2003. It presents a comprehensive analysis of the current state of knowledge related to the climate of the Arctic, using the latest meteorological data. All meteorological elements are described in detail and an up-to-date review of the available literature for each element is given. Climatic regions are distinguished and described. The monograph also provides an account of the present state of research on climate change and variability in the Arctic for three time scales: the Holocene, the last Millennium, and the instrumental period. The book concludes with a presentation of the scenarios of the Arctic climate in the 21st century. This monograph is intended for all those with a general interest in the fields of meteorology, climatology, and with a knowledge of the application of statistics in these areas.

Mediterranean Climate Variability

Author : P. Lionello
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080460798
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Mediterranean Climate Variability by : P. Lionello

Download or read book Mediterranean Climate Variability written by P. Lionello and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-08-22 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multi-authored book provides an updated description of climate variability in the Mediterranean basin, focusing on decadal and centennial time scales and on the results available on the impact of future emission scenarios at regional scale. The authors describs both local physical processes responsible for these variability - such as changes in the surface properties and land use- and globalprocesses - such as changes in the large scale atmospheric circulation associated to global warming, NAO, tropical monsoon and ENSO. Regional climate change issues are also addressed. Mediterranean Climate Variability aims to review the research on this region and to provide at the same time both an introduction and a reference for researchers. It covers topics typical of Climatology, Climate history, Meteorology, Oceanography, Environmental Science but the information here provided would also be useful for research in agriculture, social and economic studies. It is addressed to scientists and students interested in the Mediterranean climate and environment. Some topics have interesting connections to nearby regions: Northern Atlantic, West Africa, central and Eastern Europe. Each chapter will contain a summary meant to provide information to policy makers, researchers from other fields, and in general to a wide audience without a technical expertise on climate. * Provides an updated analysis of the Mediterranean climate features and guidelines for future research * Considers both oceanographic and atmospheric aspects * Analyzes the Mediterranean climate in a global perspective

Understanding Earth's Deep Past

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309209196
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Earth's Deep Past by : National Research Council

Download or read book Understanding Earth's Deep Past written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-08-02 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is little dispute within the scientific community that humans are changing Earth's climate on a decadal to century time-scale. By the end of this century, without a reduction in emissions, atmospheric CO2 is projected to increase to levels that Earth has not experienced for more than 30 million years. As greenhouse gas emissions propel Earth toward a warmer climate state, an improved understanding of climate dynamics in warm environments is needed to inform public policy decisions. In Understanding Earth's Deep Past, the National Research Council reports that rocks and sediments that are millions of years old hold clues to how the Earth's future climate would respond in an environment with high levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases. Understanding Earth's Deep Past provides an assessment of both the demonstrated and underdeveloped potential of the deep-time geologic record to inform us about the dynamics of the global climate system. The report describes past climate changes, and discusses potential impacts of high levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases on regional climates, water resources, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and the cycling of life-sustaining elements. While revealing gaps in scientific knowledge of past climate states, the report highlights a range of high priority research issues with potential for major advances in the scientific understanding of climate processes. This proposed integrated, deep-time climate research program would study how climate responded over Earth's different climate states, examine how climate responds to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, and clarify the processes that lead to anomalously warm polar and tropical regions and the impact on marine and terrestrial life. In addition to outlining a research agenda, Understanding Earth's Deep Past proposes an implementation strategy that will be an invaluable resource to decision-makers in the field, as well as the research community, advocacy organizations, government agencies, and college professors and students.

Tree Rings and Climate

Author : H Fritts
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323145280
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis Tree Rings and Climate by : H Fritts

Download or read book Tree Rings and Climate written by H Fritts and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tree Rings and Climate deals with the principles of dendrochronology, with emphasis on tree-ring studies involving climate-related problems. This book looks at the spatial and temporal variations in tree-ring growth and how they can be used to reconstruct past climate. Factors and conditions that appear most relevant to tree-ring research are highlighted. Comprised of nine chapters, this book opens with an overview of the basic biological facts and principles of tree growth, as well as the most important terms, principles, and concepts of dendrochronology. The discussion then shifts to the basic biology governing the response of ring width to variation in climate; systematic variations in the width and cell structure of annual tree rings; and the significance of tree growth and structure to dendroclimatology. The movement of materials and internal water relations of trees are also considered, along with photosynthesis, respiration, and the climatic and environmental system. Models of the growth-climate relationships as well as the basic statistics and methods of analysis of these relationships are described. The final chapter includes a general discussion of dendroclimatographic data and presents examples of statistical models that are useful for reconstructing spatial variations in climate. This monograph will be of interest to climatologists, college students, and practitioners in fields such as botany, archaeology, hydrology, oceanography, biology, physiology, forestry, and geophysics.

Climatic Variations and Forcing Mechanisms of the Last 2000 Years

Author : Philip Douglas Jones
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642611133
Total Pages : 641 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Climatic Variations and Forcing Mechanisms of the Last 2000 Years by : Philip Douglas Jones

Download or read book Climatic Variations and Forcing Mechanisms of the Last 2000 Years written by Philip Douglas Jones and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A profound knowledge of the past climate is vital for our understanding of global warming. The past 2000 years are both the period which is of most relevance to the next century and that for which there is the most evidence. High-resolution proxy records for this period are available from a variety of sources. Five sections consider dendroclimatology, ice cores, corals, historical records, lake varves, and other indicators. The final two sections cover the histories of various forcing factors and attempt to bring together records from a variety of sources and provide explanations.

Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309102251
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years by : National Research Council

Download or read book Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-05 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to a request from Congress, Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years assesses the state of scientific efforts to reconstruct surface temperature records for Earth during approximately the last 2,000 years and the implications of these efforts for our understanding of global climate change. Because widespread, reliable temperature records are available only for the last 150 years, scientists estimate temperatures in the more distant past by analyzing "proxy evidence," which includes tree rings, corals, ocean and lake sediments, cave deposits, ice cores, boreholes, and glaciers. Starting in the late 1990s, scientists began using sophisticated methods to combine proxy evidence from many different locations in an effort to estimate surface temperature changes during the last few hundred to few thousand years. This book is an important resource in helping to understand the intricacies of global climate change.

Holocene Climate Variability

Author : E. Jansen
Publisher : Elsevier Science & Technology
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Holocene Climate Variability by : E. Jansen

Download or read book Holocene Climate Variability written by E. Jansen and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 2004 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an update of results on the record of past ocean variability since the end of the ice age. This work gives an overview of many aspects of natural climate variability and give both scholars and students a means of keeping up to date on recent developments in the field.

Hydroclimatology

Author : Marlyn L. Shelton
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521848881
Total Pages : 439 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis Hydroclimatology by : Marlyn L. Shelton

Download or read book Hydroclimatology written by Marlyn L. Shelton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A graduate textbook on the interdisciplinary significance of hydroclimatology, explaining the relationship between the climate system and the hydrologic cycle.

Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples in the United States

Author : Julie Koppel Maldonado
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319052667
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples in the United States by : Julie Koppel Maldonado

Download or read book Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples in the United States written by Julie Koppel Maldonado and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-04-05 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a long history and deep connection to the Earth’s resources, indigenous peoples have an intimate understanding and ability to observe the impacts linked to climate change. Traditional ecological knowledge and tribal experience play a key role in developing future scientific solutions for adaptation to the impacts. The book explores climate-related issues for indigenous communities in the United States, including loss of traditional knowledge, forests and ecosystems, food security and traditional foods, as well as water, Arctic sea ice loss, permafrost thaw and relocation. The book also highlights how tribal communities and programs are responding to the changing environments. Fifty authors from tribal communities, academia, government agencies and NGOs contributed to the book. Previously published in Climatic Change, Volume 120, Issue 3, 2013.