Approximation By Complex Bernstein And Convolution Type Operators

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Approximation By Complex Bernstein And Convolution Type Operators

Author : Sorin G Gal
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814466972
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis Approximation By Complex Bernstein And Convolution Type Operators by : Sorin G Gal

Download or read book Approximation By Complex Bernstein And Convolution Type Operators written by Sorin G Gal and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2009-08-11 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The monograph, as its first main goal, aims to study the overconvergence phenomenon of important classes of Bernstein-type operators of one or several complex variables, that is, to extend their quantitative convergence properties to larger sets in the complex plane rather than the real intervals. The operators studied are of the following types: Bernstein, Bernstein—Faber, Bernstein-Butzer, q-Bernstein, Bernstein-Stancu, Bernstein-Kantorovich, Favard-Szász-Mirakjan, Baskakov and Balázs-Szabados.The second main objective is to provide a study of the approximation and geometric properties of several types of complex convolutions: the de la Vallée Poussin, Fejér, Riesz-Zygmund, Jackson, Rogosinski, Picard, Poisson-Cauchy, Gauss-Weierstrass, q-Picard, q-Gauss-Weierstrass, Post-Widder, rotation-invariant, Sikkema and nonlinear. Several applications to partial differential equations (PDEs) are also presented.Many of the open problems encountered in the studies are proposed at the end of each chapter. For further research, the monograph suggests and advocates similar studies for other complex Bernstein-type operators, and for other linear and nonlinear convolutions.

Approximation by Max-Product Type Operators

Author : Barnabás Bede
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319341898
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Approximation by Max-Product Type Operators by : Barnabás Bede

Download or read book Approximation by Max-Product Type Operators written by Barnabás Bede and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-08 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph presents a broad treatment of developments in an area of constructive approximation involving the so-called "max-product" type operators. The exposition highlights the max-product operators as those which allow one to obtain, in many cases, more valuable estimates than those obtained by classical approaches. The text considers a wide variety of operators which are studied for a number of interesting problems such as quantitative estimates, convergence, saturation results, localization, to name several. Additionally, the book discusses the perfect analogies between the probabilistic approaches of the classical Bernstein type operators and of the classical convolution operators (non-periodic and periodic cases), and the possibilistic approaches of the max-product variants of these operators. These approaches allow for two natural interpretations of the max-product Bernstein type operators and convolution type operators: firstly, as possibilistic expectations of some fuzzy variables, and secondly, as bases for the Feller type scheme in terms of the possibilistic integral. These approaches also offer new proofs for the uniform convergence based on a Chebyshev type inequality in the theory of possibility. Researchers in the fields of approximation of functions, signal theory, approximation of fuzzy numbers, image processing, and numerical analysis will find this book most beneficial. This book is also a good reference for graduates and postgraduates taking courses in approximation theory.

Computation and Approximation

Author : Vijay Gupta
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030855635
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Computation and Approximation by : Vijay Gupta

Download or read book Computation and Approximation written by Vijay Gupta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-29 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This brief studies recent work conducted on certain exponential type operators and other integral type operators. It consists of three chapters: the first on exponential type operators, the second a study of some modifications of linear positive operators, and the third on difference estimates between two operators. It will be of interest to students both graduate and undergraduate studying linear positive operators and the area of approximation theory.

Mathematics Without Boundaries

Author : Panos M. Pardalos
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1493911244
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)

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Book Synopsis Mathematics Without Boundaries by : Panos M. Pardalos

Download or read book Mathematics Without Boundaries written by Panos M. Pardalos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-16 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume consists of chapters written by eminent scientists and engineers from the international community and present significant advances in several theories, methods and applications of an interdisciplinary research. These contributions focus on both old and recent developments of Global Optimization Theory, Convex Analysis, Calculus of Variations, Discrete Mathematics and Geometry, as well as several applications to a large variety of concrete problems, including applications of computers to the study of smoothness and analyticity of functions, applications to epidemiological diffusion, networks, mathematical models of elastic and piezoelectric fields, optimal algorithms, stability of neutral type vector functional differential equations, sampling and rational interpolation for non-band-limited signals, recurrent neural network for convex optimization problems and experimental design. The book also contains some review works, which could prove particularly useful for a broader audience of readers in Mathematical and Engineering subjects and especially to graduate students who search for the latest information.

Overconvergence in Complex Approximation

Author : Sorin G. Gal
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461470986
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Overconvergence in Complex Approximation by : Sorin G. Gal

Download or read book Overconvergence in Complex Approximation written by Sorin G. Gal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph deals with the quantitative overconvergence phenomenon in complex approximation by various operators. The book is divided into three chapters. First, the results for the Schurer-Faber operator, Beta operators of first kind, Bernstein-Durrmeyer-type operators and Lorentz operator are presented. The main focus is on results for several q-Bernstein kind of operators with q > 1, when the geometric order of approximation 1/qn is obtained not only in complex compact disks but also in quaternion compact disks and in other compact subsets of the complex plane. The focus then shifts to quantitative overconvergence and convolution overconvergence results for the complex potentials generated by the Beta and Gamma Euler's functions. Finally quantitative overconvergence results for the most classical orthogonal expansions (of Chebyshev, Legendre, Hermite, Laguerre and Gegenbauer kinds) attached to vector-valued functions are presented. Each chapter concludes with a notes and open problems section, thus providing stimulation for further research. An extensive bibliography and index complete the text. This book is suitable for researchers and graduate students working in complex approximation and its applications, mathematical analysis and numerical analysis.

Handbook of Functional Equations

Author : Themistocles M. Rassias
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1493912461
Total Pages : 555 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Functional Equations by : Themistocles M. Rassias

Download or read book Handbook of Functional Equations written by Themistocles M. Rassias and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-18 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Richard Bellman has so elegantly stated at the Second International Conference on General Inequalities (Oberwolfach, 1978), “There are three reasons for the study of inequalities: practical, theoretical, and aesthetic.” On the aesthetic aspects, he said, “As has been pointed out, beauty is in the eye of the beholder. However, it is generally agreed that certain pieces of music, art, or mathematics are beautiful. There is an elegance to inequalities that makes them very attractive.” The content of the Handbook focuses mainly on both old and recent developments on approximate homomorphisms, on a relation between the Hardy–Hilbert and the Gabriel inequality, generalized Hardy–Hilbert type inequalities on multiple weighted Orlicz spaces, half-discrete Hilbert-type inequalities, on affine mappings, on contractive operators, on multiplicative Ostrowski and trapezoid inequalities, Ostrowski type inequalities for the Riemann–Stieltjes integral, means and related functional inequalities, Weighted Gini means, controlled additive relations, Szasz–Mirakyan operators, extremal problems in polynomials and entire functions, applications of functional equations to Dirichlet problem for doubly connected domains, nonlinear elliptic problems depending on parameters, on strongly convex functions, as well as applications to some new algorithms for solving general equilibrium problems, inequalities for the Fisher’s information measures, financial networks, mathematical models of mechanical fields in media with inclusions and holes.

Quaternionic Approximation

Author : Sorin G. Gal
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030106667
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Quaternionic Approximation by : Sorin G. Gal

Download or read book Quaternionic Approximation written by Sorin G. Gal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-12 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the extensions to the quaternionic setting of some of the main approximation results in complex analysis. It also includes the main inequalities regarding the behavior of the derivatives of polynomials with quaternionic cofficients. With some few exceptions, all the material in this book belongs to recent research of the authors on the approximation of slice regular functions of a quaternionic variable. The book is addressed to researchers in various areas of mathematical analysis, in particular hypercomplex analysis, and approximation theory. It is accessible to graduate students and suitable for graduate courses in the above framework.

Approximation with Positive Linear Operators and Linear Combinations

Author : Vijay Gupta
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319587951
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Approximation with Positive Linear Operators and Linear Combinations by : Vijay Gupta

Download or read book Approximation with Positive Linear Operators and Linear Combinations written by Vijay Gupta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-27 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a systematic overview of approximation by linear combinations of positive linear operators, a useful tool used to increase the order of approximation. Fundamental and recent results from the past decade are described with their corresponding proofs. The volume consists of eight chapters that provide detailed insight into the representation of monomials of the operators Ln , direct and inverse estimates for a broad class of positive linear operators, and case studies involving finite and unbounded intervals of real and complex functions. Strong converse inequalities of Type A in terminology of Ditzian–Ivanov for linear combinations of Bernstein and Bernstein–Kantorovich operators and various Voronovskaja-type estimates for some linear combinations are analyzed and explained. Graduate students and researchers in approximation theory will find the list of open problems in approximation of linear combinations useful. The book serves as a reference for graduate and postgraduate courses as well as a basis for future study and development.

Mathematical Analysis, Approximation Theory and Their Applications

Author : Themistocles M. Rassias
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319312812
Total Pages : 741 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Mathematical Analysis, Approximation Theory and Their Applications by : Themistocles M. Rassias

Download or read book Mathematical Analysis, Approximation Theory and Their Applications written by Themistocles M. Rassias and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-03 with total page 741 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed for graduate students, researchers, and engineers in mathematics, optimization, and economics, this self-contained volume presents theory, methods, and applications in mathematical analysis and approximation theory. Specific topics include: approximation of functions by linear positive operators with applications to computer aided geometric design, numerical analysis, optimization theory, and solutions of differential equations. Recent and significant developments in approximation theory, special functions and q-calculus along with their applications to mathematics, engineering, and social sciences are discussed and analyzed. Each chapter enriches the understanding of current research problems and theories in pure and applied research.

Evolution Equations with a Complex Spatial Variable

Author : Ciprian G Gal
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814590614
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (145 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution Equations with a Complex Spatial Variable by : Ciprian G Gal

Download or read book Evolution Equations with a Complex Spatial Variable written by Ciprian G Gal and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-03-18 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates several classes of partial differential equations of real time variable and complex spatial variables, including the heat, Laplace, wave, telegraph, Burgers, Black–Merton–Scholes, Schrödinger and Korteweg–de Vries equations. The complexification of the spatial variable is done by two different methods. The first method is that of complexifying the spatial variable in the corresponding semigroups of operators. In this case, the solutions are studied within the context of the theory of semigroups of linear operators. It is also interesting to observe that these solutions preserve some geometric properties of the boundary function, like the univalence, starlikeness, convexity and spirallikeness. The second method is that of complexifying the spatial variable directly in the corresponding evolution equation from the real case. More precisely, the real spatial variable is replaced by a complex spatial variable in the corresponding evolution equation and then analytic and non-analytic solutions are sought. For the first time in the book literature, we aim to give a comprehensive study of the most important evolution equations of real time variable and complex spatial variables. In some cases, potential physical interpretations are presented. The generality of the methods used allows the study of evolution equations of spatial variables in general domains of the complex plane. Contents:Historical Background and MotivationHeat and Laplace Equations of Complex Spatial VariablesHigher-Order Heat and Laplace Equations with Complex Spatial VariablesWave and Telegraph Equations with Complex Spatial VariablesBurgers and Black–Merton–Scholes Equations with Complex Spatial VariablesSchrödinger-Type Equations with Complex Spatial VariablesLinearized Korteweg–de Vries Equations with Complex Spatial VariablesEvolution Equations with a Complex Spatial Variable in General Domains Readership: Graduates and researchers in partial differential equations and in classical analytical function theory of one complex variable. Key Features:For the first time in literature, the study of evolution equations of real time variable and complex spatial variables is madeThe study includes some of the most important classes of partial differential equations: heat, Laplace, wave, telegraph, Burgers, Black–Merton–Scholes, Schrodinger and Korteweg–de Vries equationsThe book is entirely based on the authors' own workKeywords:Evolution Equations of Complex Spatial Variables;Semigroup of Linear Operators;Complex Convolution Integrals;Heat;Laplace;Wave;Telegraph;Burgers;BlackâMertonâScholes;Schrodinger;Kortewegâde Vries Equations

Convergence Estimates in Approximation Theory

Author : Vijay Gupta
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3319027654
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Convergence Estimates in Approximation Theory by : Vijay Gupta

Download or read book Convergence Estimates in Approximation Theory written by Vijay Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-08 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of linear positive operators is an area of mathematical studies with significant relevance to studies of computer-aided geometric design, numerical analysis, and differential equations. This book focuses on the convergence of linear positive operators in real and complex domains. The theoretical aspects of these operators have been an active area of research over the past few decades. In this volume, authors Gupta and Agarwal explore new and more efficient methods of applying this research to studies in Optimization and Analysis. The text will be of interest to upper-level students seeking an introduction to the field and to researchers developing innovative approaches.

Bernstein Operators and Their Properties

Author : Jorge Bustamante
Publisher : Birkhäuser
ISBN 13 : 3319554026
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Bernstein Operators and Their Properties by : Jorge Bustamante

Download or read book Bernstein Operators and Their Properties written by Jorge Bustamante and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2017-04-13 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive information on the main aspects of Bernstein operators, based on the literature to date. Bernstein operators have a long-standing history and many papers have been written on them. Among all types of positive linear operators, they occupy a unique position because of their elegance and notable approximation properties. This book presents carefully selected material from the vast body of literature on this topic. In addition, it highlights new material, including several results (with proofs) appearing in a book for the first time. To facilitate comprehension, exercises are included at the end of each chapter. The book is largely self-contained and the methods in the proofs are kept as straightforward as possible. Further, it requires only a basic grasp of analysis, making it a valuable and appealing resource for advanced graduate students and researchers alike.

Frontiers in Approximation Theory

Author : George A Anastassiou
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814696110
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (146 download)

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Book Synopsis Frontiers in Approximation Theory by : George A Anastassiou

Download or read book Frontiers in Approximation Theory written by George A Anastassiou and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-06-23 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph presents the author's work of the last five years in approximation theory. The chapters are self-contained and can be read independently. Readers will find the topics covered are diverse and advanced courses can be taught out of this book. The first part of the book is dedicated to fractional monotone approximation theory introduced for the first time by the author, taking the related ordinary theory of usual differentiation at the fractional differentiation level with polynomials and splines as approximators. The second part deals with the approximation by discrete singular operators of the Favard style, for example, of the Picard and Gauss–Weierstrass types. Then, it continues in a very detailed and extensive chapter on approximation by interpolating operators induced by neural networks, a connection to computer science. This book ends with the approximation theory and functional analysis on time scales, a very modern topic, detailing all the pros and cons of this method. The results in this book are expected to find applications in many areas of pure and applied mathematics. So far, very little is written about fractional approximation theory which is at its infancy. As such, it is suitable for researchers, graduate students, and performing seminars as well as an invaluable resource for all science libraries. Contents:Fractional Monotone ApproximationRight Fractional Monotone Approximation Theory Univariate Left Fractional Polynomial High Order Monotone Approximation Theory Univariate Right Fractional Polynomial High Order Monotone Approximation TheorySpline Left Fractional Monotone Approximation Theory Using Left Fractional Differential OperatorsSpline Right Fractional Monotone Approximation Theory Using Right Fractional Differential OperatorsComplete Fractional Monotone Approximation TheoryLower Order Fractional Monotone Approximation TheoryApproximation Theory by Discrete Singular OperatorsOn Discrete Approximation by Gauss–Weierstrass and Picard Type Operators Approximation Theory by Interpolating Neural NetworksApproximation and Functional Analysis Over Time Scales Readership: Graduate students and researchers in approximation theory. Key Features:Presents new research in approximation theoryAn extensive list of references is given in every chapterIt is about fractional approximation, neural networks and singular integrals approximationsImportant to applications in applied mathematicsKeywords:Fractional Approximation;Neural Networks;Singular Integrals

Approximation Theory Using Positive Linear Operators

Author : Radu Paltanea
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461220580
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Approximation Theory Using Positive Linear Operators by : Radu Paltanea

Download or read book Approximation Theory Using Positive Linear Operators written by Radu Paltanea and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers an examination of the multivariate approximation case Special focus on the Bernstein operators, including applications, and on two new classes of Bernstein-type operators Many general estimates, leaving room for future applications (e.g. the B-spline case) Extensions to approximation operators acting on spaces of vector functions Historical perspective in the form of previous significant results

Differential Sheaves And Connections: A Natural Approach To Physical Geometry

Author : Mallios Anastasios
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 981471948X
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis Differential Sheaves And Connections: A Natural Approach To Physical Geometry by : Mallios Anastasios

Download or read book Differential Sheaves And Connections: A Natural Approach To Physical Geometry written by Mallios Anastasios and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-09-17 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book provides a self-contained conceptual and technical introduction to the theory of differential sheaves. This serves both the newcomer and the experienced researcher in undertaking a background-independent, natural and relational approach to 'physical geometry'. In this manner, this book is situated at the crossroads between the foundations of mathematical analysis with a view toward differential geometry and the foundations of theoretical physics with a view toward quantum mechanics and quantum gravity. The unifying thread is provided by the theory of adjoint functors in category theory and the elucidation of the concepts of sheaf theory and homological algebra in relation to the description and analysis of dynamically constituted physical geometric spectrums.

Frontiers in Time Scales and Inequalities

Author : George A Anastassiou
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814704458
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis Frontiers in Time Scales and Inequalities by : George A Anastassiou

Download or read book Frontiers in Time Scales and Inequalities written by George A Anastassiou and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-08-06 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph contains the author's work of the last four years in discrete and fractional analysis. It introduces the right delta and right nabla fractional calculus on time scales and continues with the right delta and right nabla discrete fractional calculus in the Caputo sense. Then, it shows representation formulae of functions on time scales and presents Ostrowski type inequalities, Landau type inequalities, Grüss type and comparison of means inequalities, all these over time scales. The volume continues with integral operator inequalities and their multivariate vectorial versions using convexity of functions, again all these over time scales. It follows the Grüss and Ostrowski type inequalities involving s-convexity of functions; and also examines the general case when several functions are involved. Then, it presents the general fractional Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities using m-convexity and (s, m)-convexity. Finally, it introduces the reduction method in fractional calculus and its connection to fractional Ostrowski type inequalities is studied. This book's results are expected to find applications in many areas of pure and applied mathematics, especially in difference equations and fractional differential equations. The chapters are self-contained and can be read independently, and advanced courses can be taught out of it. It is suitable for researchers, graduate students, seminars of the above subjects, and serves well as an invaluable resource for all science libraries. Contents:Foundations of Right Delta Fractional Calculus on Time ScalesPrinciples of Right Nabla Fractional Calculus on Time ScalesAbout Right Delta Discrete FractionalityAbout Right Nabla Discrete Fractional CalculusRepresentations and Ostrowski Inequalities over Time ScalesLandau Inequalities on Time ScalesGrüss and Comparison of Means Inequalities over Time ScalesAbout Integral Operator Inequalities over Time ScalesAbout Vectorial Integral Operator Inequalities Using Convexity over Time ScalesGeneral Grüss and Ostrowski Inequalities Using s-ConvexityEssential and s-Convexity Ostrowski and Grüss Inequalities Using Several FunctionsGeneral Fractional Hermite–Hadamard Inequalities Using m-Convexity and (s, m)-ConvexityAbout the Reduction Method in Fractional Calculus and Fractional Ostrowski Inequalities Readership: Advanced graduate students and researchers interested in time scales, inequalities and difference/differential equations. Key Features:Presents new research on time scales and related inequalitiesMaterials are crucially related to difference/differential equationsSelf-contained chapters that can be read independentlyAn extensive list of references is given in each chapterThe topics covered are diverseKeywords:Time Scale;Fractional Derivative;Difference Equation;Fractional Inequality

Approximation Theory

Author : George A. Anastassiou
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780817641511
Total Pages : 554 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Approximation Theory by : George A. Anastassiou

Download or read book Approximation Theory written by George A. Anastassiou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-12-22 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study in Part I of this monograph the computational aspect of almost all moduli of continuity over wide classes of functions exploiting some of their convexity properties. To our knowledge it is the first time the entire calculus of moduli of smoothness has been included in a book. We then present numerous applications of Approximation Theory, giving exact val ues of errors in explicit forms. The K-functional method is systematically avoided since it produces nonexplicit constants. All other related books so far have allocated very little space to the computational aspect of moduli of smoothness. In Part II, we study/examine the Global Smoothness Preservation Prop erty (GSPP) for almost all known linear approximation operators of ap proximation theory including: trigonometric operators and algebraic in terpolation operators of Lagrange, Hermite-Fejer and Shepard type, also operators of stochastic type, convolution type, wavelet type integral opera tors and singular integral operators, etc. We present also a sufficient general theory for GSPP to hold true. We provide a great variety of applications of GSPP to Approximation Theory and many other fields of mathemat ics such as Functional analysis, and outside of mathematics, fields such as computer-aided geometric design (CAGD). Most of the time GSPP meth ods are optimal. Various moduli of smoothness are intensively involved in Part II. Therefore, methods from Part I can be used to calculate exactly the error of global smoothness preservation. It is the first time in the literature that a book has studied GSPP.