Approches physique, conceptuelle et statistique du fonctionnement hydrologique d'un karst sous couverture

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (124 download)

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Book Synopsis Approches physique, conceptuelle et statistique du fonctionnement hydrologique d'un karst sous couverture by : Léa Duran

Download or read book Approches physique, conceptuelle et statistique du fonctionnement hydrologique d'un karst sous couverture written by Léa Duran and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les aquifères karstiques sont des systèmes complexes, au centre d’enjeux cruciaux pour la gestion de l’eau potable dans le monde. Leur structure et leur fonctionnement sont étudiés depuis des décennies à l’aide de multiples méthodes, visant à étudier leurs caractéristiques d’infiltration, à comprendre leur réponse aux événements pluvieux et leurs mécanismes de développement, à estimer leurs ressources, parmi de nombreuses autres questions qu’ils soulèvent. L’objectif principal de ces travaux de thèse est d'améliorer la compréhension des relations entre les réponses hydrologiques mesurées à l'exutoire et le fonctionnement hydrologique des systèmes karstiques, grâce à la mise en oeuvre de différentes approches d'étude. Dans ce cadre, cette thèse s’appuie sur un site pilote du Service National d’Observation du Karst (INSU, CNRS), le site karstique de Norville, situé en Normandie (France). Ce site, typique des karsts de la craie, est un karst sous couverture, ce qui lui confère certaines particularités, en termes de processus d’infiltration notamment. L’approche choisie a consisté à mettre en relation les résultats produits par différentes méthodes : géophysique, essais de traçages, méthodes statistiques, modélisation conceptuelle à réservoirs et analyse du signal (en particulier techniques de décomposition). Ces deux dernières méthodes ont été utilisées de manière combinée, entre autres dans le but d’étudier et discuter les potentialités de l'analyse du signal à l'exutoire pour l'interprétation du fonctionnement hydrologique d'un système. Les méthodes géophysiques ont permis de caractériser la structure du bassin du système karstique, avec la mise en place d’un modèle géologique 3D. Elles ont aussi permis de décrire les dynamiques multi-infiltrations à l’oeuvre sur le bassin. Les modalités de variation de la réponse du système karstique ont ensuite été étudiées à l’aide d’une approche statistique multidimensionnelle basée sur de nombreuses données de traçages. Les variables exerçant les forçages prédominants sur le système ont été identifiées (piézométrie et marée). Une méthode a été proposée pour la simulation de la forme de la réponse, à partir d’un algorithme d’apprentissage statistique. Enfin, une modélisation pluie-débit du système a été réalisée en utilisant le logiciel KARSTMOD, et ses résultats ont été confrontés à ceux de l’analyse du signal temporel hydrodynamique à l’exutoire. Une bonne corrélation a été observée entre certains des débits internes du modèle et des chroniques mesurées (conductivité et turbidité). Ce résultat laisse supposer une certaine capacité du modèle conceptuel à reproduire en partie les dynamiques internes du système karstique et ouvre ainsi des possibilités d’interprétation. En parallèle, les méthodes de décomposition du signal ont été appliquées au débit de la source. Les signaux sommés obtenus montrent de bonnes corrélations avec les débits internes du modèle. Ces analyses, combinées à la caractérisation physique et statistique évoquées plus haut, ont conduit à poser une nouvelle interprétation du fonctionnement du système, avec en particulier la conceptualisation des échanges matrice-conduit. Le rôle des différents réservoirs du modèle dans l’acquisition des caractéristiques spectrales du signal de débit à la source a été mis en lumière : le réservoir d’interception E joue un rôle prédominant dans la modification du signal, ainsi que le réservoir M « matrice connectée ».

Les Fonctionnements hydrologiques de l'aquifère karstifié de la Craie de Haute-Normandie : conséquences des contextes morphologiques et structuraux

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (868 download)

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Book Synopsis Les Fonctionnements hydrologiques de l'aquifère karstifié de la Craie de Haute-Normandie : conséquences des contextes morphologiques et structuraux by : Smaïl Slimani

Download or read book Les Fonctionnements hydrologiques de l'aquifère karstifié de la Craie de Haute-Normandie : conséquences des contextes morphologiques et structuraux written by Smaïl Slimani and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ressource quasi exclusive en Haute-Normandie (Ouest du bassin de Paris), l’aquifère de la craie est un aquifère karstique binaire sous une couverture d’argile à silex et de lœss. L’étude présentée dans ce travail est fondée principalement sur deux approches, temporelle et spatiale, dont les résultats sont confrontés aux données du contexte morphostructural régional. Le traitement statistique des séries temporelles permet de décrire la transformation du signal climatique par le système hydrologique. Dans ce cadre, nous identifions : l’importance des réseaux karstiques qui permet le transfert rapide des apports des épisodes pluvieux du karst d’introduction au karst de restitution en vallée, le rôle probable de stockage de la couverture qui expliquerait le retard entre la saison pluvieuse et la recharge de l’aquifère et l’influence du contexte structural qui, en jouant sur le potentiel capacitif de l’aquifère de la craie, explique les fluctuations spatiales de la contribution des composantes climatiques annuelles et pluriannuelles sur les chroniques piézométriques. La distribution spatiale des concentrations moyennes en éléments majeurs démontre l’intérêt d’une approche spatiale qui intègre les grands écoulements dans un cadre morphostructural plus large que les petits bassins versants. Cette approche souligne l’importance d’autres facteurs de forçage : l’importance de l’épaisseur des argiles à silex et le rôle du drainage de l’aquifère par les rivières et/ou des réseaux karstiques denses. Ces éléments d’un modèle conceptuel de fonctionnement hydrologique de l’aquifère sont enfin appliqués au transfert de contaminants dissous (ex nitrates) et particulaire puisque la restitution des épisodes turbides constituent la manifestation la plus tangible de la vulnérabilité karstique de l’aquifère de la craie en Haute-Normandie.

Climate Change in the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Region

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030785661
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Change in the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Region by : Walter Leal Filho

Download or read book Climate Change in the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Region written by Walter Leal Filho and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves the purpose of showcasing some of the works in respect of applied research, field projects, and best practice to foster climate change adaptation across the region. Climate change is having a much greater impact in the Mediterranean than the global average. In the Paris Climate Agreement, the UN member states pledged to stop global warming at well below two degrees, if possible at 1.5 degrees. This mark, which is expected elsewhere only for 2030 to 2050, has already been reached in the region. The situation could worsen in the coming years if the global community does not limit its emissions. The above state of affairs illustrates the need for a better and more holistic understanding of how climate change affects countries in the Mediterranean region on the one hand, but also on the many problems it faces on the other, which prevent adaptation efforts. There is also a perceived need to showcase successful examples of how to duly address and manage the many social, economic, and political problems posed by climate change in the region, in order to replicate and even upscale the successful approaches used. It is against this background that the book "Climate Change in the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Region" has been produced. It contains papers prepared by scholars, practitioners, and members of governmental agencies, undertaking research and/or executing climate change projects, and working across the region.

Karst Aquifers - Characterization and Engineering

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319128507
Total Pages : 698 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Karst Aquifers - Characterization and Engineering by : Zoran Stevanović

Download or read book Karst Aquifers - Characterization and Engineering written by Zoran Stevanović and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-25 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical training guidebook makes an important contribution to karst hydrogeology. It presents supporting material for academic courses worldwide that include this and similar topics. It is an excellent sourcebook for students and other attendees of the International Karst School: Characterization and Engineering of Karst Aquifers, which opened in Trebinje, Bosnia & Herzegovina in 2014 and which will be organized every year in early summer. As opposed to more theoretical works, this is a catalog of possible engineering interventions in karst and their implications. Although the majority of readers will be professionals with geology/hydrogeology backgrounds, the language is not purely technical making it accessible to a wider audience. This means that the methodology, case studies and experiences presented will also benefit water managers working in karst environments.

Groundwater Dynamics in Hard Rock Aquifers

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 140206540X
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Groundwater Dynamics in Hard Rock Aquifers by : Shakeel Ahmed

Download or read book Groundwater Dynamics in Hard Rock Aquifers written by Shakeel Ahmed and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-18 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the results and findings of the advanced research carried out in a pilot area with a thorough investigation of the structure and functioning of an aquifer in a granitic formation. It characterizes the hard rock aquifer system and examines its properties and behavior as well as systematically details the geophysical, geological and remote sensing applications to conceptualize such an aquifer system.

Advances in Research in Karst Media

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642124860
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Research in Karst Media by : Francisco Carrasco

Download or read book Advances in Research in Karst Media written by Francisco Carrasco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-16 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Malaga Symposia Series provides an international forum for scientific debate on the progress made in research into karst environments. The 2010 meeting of the 4th International ISKA presents 80 papers in four key areas: karst hydrogeology and investigations, karst landscape and ecosystems, human interaction with karst environments, and engineering geology in karst areas. This book will be a useful edition to the libraries of consultants, scientists, lecturers, and policy makers concerned with the special issues of karst terrains.

Karst Hydrogeology and Geomorphology

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118684990
Total Pages : 581 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Karst Hydrogeology and Geomorphology by : Derek Ford

Download or read book Karst Hydrogeology and Geomorphology written by Derek Ford and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-03 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1989, Karst Geomorphology and Hydrology became the leading textbook on karst studies. This new textbook has been substantially revised and updated. The first half of the book is a systematic presentation of the dissolution kinetics, chemical equilibria and physical flow laws relating to karst environments. It includes details of the many environmental factors that complicate their chemical evolution, with a critique of measurement of karst erosion rates. The second half of the book looks at the classification system for cave systems and the influence of climate and climatic change on karst development. The book ends with chapters on karst water resource management and a look at the important issues of environmental management, including environmental impact assessment, environmental rehabilitation, tourism impacts and conservation values. Practical application of karst studies are explained throughout the text. "This new edition strengthens the book's position as the essential reference in the field. Karst geoscientists will not dare to stray beyond arm's reach of this volume. It is certain to remain the professional standard for many decades." Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, August 2007

Hydrology of Mediterranean and Semiarid Regions

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781901502121
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (21 download)

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Book Synopsis Hydrology of Mediterranean and Semiarid Regions by : Eric Servat

Download or read book Hydrology of Mediterranean and Semiarid Regions written by Eric Servat and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Stochastic Hydrology and its Use in Water Resources Systems Simulation and Optimization

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401116970
Total Pages : 470 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Stochastic Hydrology and its Use in Water Resources Systems Simulation and Optimization by : J.B. Marco

Download or read book Stochastic Hydrology and its Use in Water Resources Systems Simulation and Optimization written by J.B. Marco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stochastic hydrology is an essential base of water resources systems analysis, due to the inherent randomness of the input, and consequently of the results. These results have to be incorporated in a decision-making process regarding the planning and management of water systems. It is through this application that stochastic hydrology finds its true meaning, otherwise it becomes merely an academic exercise. A set of well known specialists from both stochastic hydrology and water resources systems present a synthesis of the actual knowledge currently used in real-world planning and management. The book is intended for both practitioners and researchers who are willing to apply advanced approaches for incorporating hydrological randomness and uncertainty into the simulation and optimization of water resources systems. (abstract) Stochastic hydrology is a basic tool for water resources systems analysis, due to inherent randomness of the hydrologic cycle. This book contains actual techniques in use for water resources planning and management, incorporating randomness into the decision making process. Optimization and simulation, the classical systems-analysis technologies, are revisited under up-to-date statistical hydrology findings backed by real world applications.

Fractals, Chaos, Power Laws

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Publisher : Courier Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0486472043
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (864 download)

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Book Synopsis Fractals, Chaos, Power Laws by : Manfred Schroeder

Download or read book Fractals, Chaos, Power Laws written by Manfred Schroeder and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2009-08-21 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fascinating book explores the connections between chaos theory, physics, biology, and mathematics. Its award-winning computer graphics, optical illusions, and games illustrate the concept of self-similarity, a typical property of fractals. The author -- hailed by Publishers Weekly as a modern Lewis Carroll -- conveys memorable insights in the form of puns and puzzles. 1992 edition.

Fractals in Reservoir Engineering

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Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9789810220693
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis Fractals in Reservoir Engineering by : H. H. Hardy

Download or read book Fractals in Reservoir Engineering written by H. H. Hardy and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1994 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many natural objects have been found to be fractal and fractal mathematics has been used to generate many beautiful ?nature? scenes. Fractal mathematics is used in image compression and for movies and is now becoming an engineering tool as well. This book describes the application of fractal mathematics to one engineering specialty ? reservoir engineering. This is the process of engineering the production of oil and gas. The reservoir engineer's job is to design and predict production from underground oil and gas reservoirs. The successful application of fractal mathematics to this engineering discipline should be of interest, not only to reservoir engineers, but to other engineers with their own potential applications as well. Geologists will find surprisingly good numerical descriptions of subsurface rock distributions. Physicists will be interested in the application of renormalization and percolation theory described in the book. Geophysicists will find the description of fluid flow scaling problems faced by the reservoir engineer similar to their problems of scaling the transport of acoustic signals.

Discharge of Selected Rivers of the World

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789230022631
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (226 download)

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Book Synopsis Discharge of Selected Rivers of the World by :

Download or read book Discharge of Selected Rivers of the World written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Caves

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Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 : 9780631178194
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (781 download)

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Book Synopsis Caves by : David Gillieson

Download or read book Caves written by David Gillieson and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1997-01-30 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is aimed at students of the natural environment, but it will also appeal to those - cavers, environmental managers and field naturalists - who are curious about the underground world and its inhabitants. it is illustrated throughout with photographs, maps and line diagrams, almost all of which are original to the book.

Forest Decline and Atmospheric Deposition Effects in the French Mountains

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642795358
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis Forest Decline and Atmospheric Deposition Effects in the French Mountains by : M. Kaennel

Download or read book Forest Decline and Atmospheric Deposition Effects in the French Mountains written by M. Kaennel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest decline became a matter of public and scientific concern in France in 1983 when conifers in the Vosges mountains were found to exhibit unusual crown deterioration. An impassioned controversy on a supposedly large scale forest health problem was then in full swing in Central Europe. A co-ordinated research programme entitled DEFORPA ("Deperissement des For~ts et Pollution AtmospMrique") was launched in 1984. This programme ran from 1984 to 1991 and a number of projects are still in progress. The Programme was sponsored by three French ministries (Enviroument, Agriculture and Forestry, Research and Technologyl), several state agencies, various regional authorities and the Commission of the European Communities (DO xn and DG VI). Initially, emphasis was solely laid on the understanding of forest decline in the mountainous areas - because damage was most obvious there - in relation to natural and man-made factors. Air pollution was given high but not overwhelming priority. Thus, the DEFORPA Programme was not in its essence a nation-wide assessment of air pollution effects, unlike a number of national acidification research programmes in Europe and North America. During. the programme, however, the areas of concern expanded. In particular, research into water acidification in the Vosges mountains was developed in parallel with the DEFORPA Programme, and possible eutrophication of the ground flora in northeastern France became the subject of new research.

In Extremis

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642148638
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis In Extremis by : Jürgen Kropp

Download or read book In Extremis written by Jürgen Kropp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-03 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book addresses a weakness of current methodologies used in extreme value assessment, i.e. the assumption of stationarity, which is not given in reality. With respect to this issue a lot of new developed technologies are presented, i.e. influence of trends vs. internal correlations, quantitative uncertainty assessments, etc. The book not only focuses on artificial time series data, but has a close link to empirical measurements, in order to make the suggested methodologies applicable for practitioners in water management and meteorology.

The Canadian Wetland Classification System

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780662157878
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (578 download)

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Book Synopsis The Canadian Wetland Classification System by :

Download or read book The Canadian Wetland Classification System written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A classification system for Canadian wetlands based on the collective expertise and research of scientists across Canada. The system is provisional and subject to revision in future editions.

Hydrogeological and Environmental Investigations in Karst Systems

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642174353
Total Pages : 627 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis Hydrogeological and Environmental Investigations in Karst Systems by : Bartolomé Andreo

Download or read book Hydrogeological and Environmental Investigations in Karst Systems written by Bartolomé Andreo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-09-22 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT provides a detailed introduction to the full range of advanced, multidisciplinary techniques used in the study of water resources from understanding individual aquifers to the protection and management of water in a sustainable way, compatible with the preservation of the environment. Based on a masters course from UNESCO’s International Hydrological Program, this textbook is accompanied by color figures and graphics, illustrating clearly the content of the text and showing real examples from the field. Each chapter also contains a list of exercises and practical activities as well as case studies.