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Analysis Of Inorganic And Biological Compounds Using Laser Desorption Ionization Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry
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Book Synopsis Analysis of Inorganic and Biological Compounds Using Laser Desorption/ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry by : Dale Shannon Cornett
Download or read book Analysis of Inorganic and Biological Compounds Using Laser Desorption/ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry written by Dale Shannon Cornett and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental Mass Spectrometry by : David H. Russell
Download or read book Experimental Mass Spectrometry written by David H. Russell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mass spectrometry underwent dramatic changes during the decade of the 1980s. Fast atom bombardment (F AB) ionization, developed by Barber and coworkers, made it possible for all mass spectrometry laboratories to analyze polar, highly functionalized organic molecules, and in some cases ionic, inorganic, and organometallic compounds. The emphasis of much of this work was on molecular weight determination. Parallel with the development of ionization methods (molecular weight mass spectrometry) for polar biological molecules, the increased mass range of sector and quadrupole mass spectrometers and the development of new instruments for tandem mass spectrometry fostered a new era in structural mass spectrometry. It was during this same period that new instrument technologies, such as Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance, radio frequency quadrupole ion trap, and new types of time-of-flight mass spectrometers, began to emerge as useful analytical instruments. In addi tion, laser methods useful for both sample ionization and activation became commonplace in almost every analytical mass spectrometry laboratory. In the last 5 years, there has been explosive growth in the area of biological mass spectrometry. Such ionization methods as electrospray and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) have opened new frontiers for both molecular weight and structural mass spectrometry, with mass spectrometry being used for analysis at the picomole and even femto mole levels. In ideal cases, subfemtomole sample levels can be successfully analyzed. Sample-handling methods are now the limiting factor in analyz ing trace amounts of biological samples.
Book Synopsis Inorganic Speciation and Trace Analysis with Laser Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry by : Todd McKitrick Allen
Download or read book Inorganic Speciation and Trace Analysis with Laser Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry written by Todd McKitrick Allen and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mass Spectrometry by : Jürgen H Gross
Download or read book Mass Spectrometry written by Jürgen H Gross and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-01-19 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a balanced mixture of practice-oriented information and theoretical background as well as numerous references, clear illustrations, and useful data tables. Problems and solutions are accessible via a special website. This new edition has been completely revised and extended; it now includes three new chapters on tandem mass spectrometry, interfaces for sampling at atmospheric pressure, and inorganic mass spectrometry.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Contemporary Mass Spectrometry by : Chhabil Dass
Download or read book Fundamentals of Contemporary Mass Spectrometry written by Chhabil Dass and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-05-11 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern mass spectrometry - the instrumentation and applications in diverse fields Mass spectrometry has played a pivotal role in a variety of scientific disciplines. Today it is an integral part of proteomics and drug discovery process. Fundamentals of Contemporary Mass Spectrometry gives readers a concise and authoritative overview of modern mass spectrometry instrumentation, techniques, and applications, including the latest developments. After an introduction to the history of mass spectrometry and the basic underlying concepts, it covers: Instrumentation, including modes of ionization, condensed phase ionization techniques, mass analysis and ion detection, tandem mass spectrometry, and hyphenated separation techniques Organic and inorganic mass spectrometry Biological mass spectrometry, including the analysis of proteins and peptides, oligosaccharides, lipids, oligonucleotides, and other biological materials Applications to quantitative analysis Based on proven teaching principles, each chapter is complete with a concise overview, highlighted key points, practice exercises, and references to additional resources. Hints and solutions to the exercises are provided in an appendix. To facilitate learning and improve problem-solving skills, several worked-out examples are included. This is a great textbook for graduate students in chemistry, and a robust, practical resource for researchers and scientists, professors, laboratory managers, technicians, and others. It gives scientists in diverse disciplines a practical foundation in modern mass spectrometry.
Book Synopsis Fundamental Studies of Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) and Its Applications to the Analysis of Biological Materials by : Yongdong Zhu
Download or read book Fundamental Studies of Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) and Its Applications to the Analysis of Biological Materials written by Yongdong Zhu and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Biological Molecules Using Stimulated Desorption Photoionization Mass Spectrometry by : Yanfeng Chen
Download or read book Analysis of Biological Molecules Using Stimulated Desorption Photoionization Mass Spectrometry written by Yanfeng Chen and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI MS) is a novel technique for direct analysis of organic and biological molecules. Amino acids, dipeptides, and organoselenium compounds were successfully detected by SALDI on carbon and silicon surfaces. Surface effects, solvent effects, temperature effects and pH effects were studied. A possible mechanism of SALDI is proposed based on observed results. In general, stimulated desorption results in neutral yields that are much larger than ion yields. Thus, we have exploited and further developed laser desorption single photon ionization mass spectrometry (LD/SPI MS) as a means of examining biomolecules. The experimental results clearly demonstrate that LD/SPI MS is a very useful and fast analysis method with uniform selectivity and high sensitivity. Selenium (Se) is an essential ultra-trace element in the human body. In efforts to obtain more useful information of selenium metabolites in human urine, mass determination of unknown organoselenium compounds in biological matrices using SALDI MS was investigated. In another approach, several selenium metabolites in human urine were successfully detected by LD/SPI MS. A HPLC-MS/MS method was also developed for a quantitative case study of selenium metabolites in human urine after ingestion of selenomethionine. Low-energy electrons (LEE, 3-20 eV) have been shown to induce single and double strand breaks (SSB and DSB) in plasmid DNA. To understand the genotoxic effects due to secondary species of high-energy radiation, we investigate the role of transient negative ions and the specificity in LEE-DNA damage by examining the neutral product yields using low electron stimulated dissociation SPI MS. The neutral yields as a function of incident electron energy are also correlated with the SSBs and DSBs measured using post-irradiation gel electrophoresis. The results provide further insight concerning the mechanisms of LEE-induced damage to DNA. Overall, this research provided an in-depth understanding of non-thermal surface processes and the development of new mass spectrometric techniques for the analysis of biomolecules.
Book Synopsis The Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry, Ten-Volume Set by :
Download or read book The Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry, Ten-Volume Set written by and published by Elsevier Science. This book was released on 2013-09-27 with total page 7000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overview: The Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry The need for an encyclopedia of mass spectrometry (MS) becomes apparent when considering the subject's evolution. By 1990, MS had evolved as a discipline and as a technique for solving problems in chemistry. Along with nuclear magnetic resonance and optical spectroscopy, it was a tool for compound identification. For complex mixtures as found in environmental chemistry, flavors, energy materials, and small-molecule metabolism, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry had become the premier analytical method. Despite these advances, MS played in 1990 only a small role in polar and large-molecule analysis. Field desorption, fast atom bombardment, and Cf-252 plasma desorption gently pushed it into peptide sequencing and molecular weight determination of larger polymers. Although these ionizations had limitations, when they were coupled with tandem mass spectrometers, the future became clearer. MS now awaited the development of new ionization methods that would extend its capabilities into many different research laboratories. The inventions of electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in the late 1980s opened the door for that greater role. Even the discipline of MS could expand by embracing the chemical-physical studies of proteins and oligodeoxynucleotides in the gas phase. The broad applicability of MS to a multitude of chemical, physical, and biological problems makes it now the central tool in chemical analysis. No longer a specialist's tool, it has assumed broad applicability and availability. To permit a full and fruitful expansion in other disciplines, the Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry is designed to be a learning tool to newcomers who do not have the theoretical and practical background needed to take advantage of the possibilities of MS. Moreover, the field is now so broad that the specialist also needs a resource to allow exploration of its vast reaches. The encyclopedia meets that need and strives to be an entrance into the subject and to serve as its major reference work. Volume 1: Theory and Ion Chemistry Volume 1 begins with two theory chapters. The first discusses theoretical aspects of ion collisions, chemistry, and dynamics, and the second introduces ab initio calculations of ions. The latter has become a nearly indispensable tool in ion chemistry studies today. Instrumentation is essential in fundamental investigations. Chapter 3 introduces instrumentation, with an emphasis on unusual instrumentation, generally not commercially available. Ion traps, ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers, and time-of-flight instruments, which are important in both fundamental studies and in applications, are also covered. Chapter 4 discusses myriad means of performing spectroscopic experiments on ions. In the next chapter, various methods of measuring thermodynamic information about ions are introduced and evaluated. Collisional activation and dissociation processes, in various incarnations, are in Chapter 6. Mobility experiments are the focus of the next chapter, which covers fundamental aspects and applications of this rapidly growing technology. Various means and uses of changing charge states of ions is the topic of chapter 8. Chapters 9 and 10 introduce the ion chemistry of organic ions, positive and negative, respectively. The last three chapters (Chapter 11-13) are expositions of the ion chemistry of clusters and solvation phenomena, inorganic chemistry, and the rapidly expanding area of biochemistry. Volume 2: Biological Applications Part A The focus of Volume 2 is peptides and proteins. The organization emphasizes separation techniques, preparation protocols, and fundamentals of ionic gas-phase species of biological importance. This volume is divided into four sections: (1) experimental approaches and protocols, (2) sequence analysis, (3) other structural analyses, and (4) targeted applications. The first section encompass separation procedures (e.g., 2-D gel electrophoresis), sample preparation (e.g., desalting and enzyme digestion), and instrumentation issues (e.g., high resolving power, molecular-weight determination, protein chips, and quantification). H/D exchange, analysis of membrane proteins, and bioinformatics are included. The next section on sequencing covers high energy and low energy CAD, protein identification, fundamentals of peptide fragmentation, bottom-up and top-down strategies, chemical derivatization, and post-source decay with MALDI. A section on structure analysis includes primary structure determination and issues with studying quaternary structure, protein-protein and protein-ligand complexes, disulfide analysis, phosphopeptides and phosphoproteins, selenoproteins, nitrated proteins, metal ion binding, and oxidized proteins. Additional coverage of methods for studying the biophysics of proteins is provided in Volume 6. The last chapter, Targeted Applications, focuses on neuropeptides, clinical applications, enzyme kinetics, imaging, and single-cell analysis. Volume 3: Biological Applications Part B Over the past decades, enormous gains have been made towards the analysis of all the biomolecules in cells. Although early attention was focused on peptides and proteins, a wealth of information is arising about other major biomolecules including nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates. In no small way, modern ionization methods, especially electrospray and matrix-assisted laser desorption, have provided a quantum leap in the capabilities of the tools we can now deploy in answering biological questions involving structure and molecular weight of virtually every type of molecule in the cell. Volume 3 covers classes carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids. In addition, special areas of application are also included, such as pharmaceuticals, natural products, isotope ratio methods for biomolecules analysis, and clinical applications. The articles are arranged under general headings for continuity and ease of access, although several of these are of interest across the various disciplines. The articles cover basics and sufficient additional detail to bring the reader up-to-date on a given subject. Some advanced topics are also covered, either in a special section of an article or in additional reading citations. Volume 4: Organic and Organometallic Compounds This volume presents a cross section of applications in organic and organometallic chemistry in two parts. Chapters 1 to 6 are devoted to the fundamentals whereas chapters 7 and 8 cover applications to organic and organometallic compounds, either available as pure compounds or present in complex mixtures. Chapter 1 describes the theory for organic mass spectrometry, building on and complementing material in Volume 1. The themes for Chapter 2 are the structures and properties of gas-phase ions of conventional, distonic, and non-covalent complexes. Chapter 3 covers methodology used in study of gas-phase ions. Chapters 4 and 5 turn to mechanisms of both unimolecular and bimolecular reactions of ions and include topics in stereochemistry and radical chemistry. Chapter 6 contains a number of articles on the formation and reactivity of metal ion complexes and organometallic cations and anions, drawing connections with molecular recognition, catalysis and organic synthesis. Chapter 7 deals with the structure determination of organic compounds, including chiral compounds and natural products. In chapter 8 are contributions that provide illustrative examples of the determination of organic compounds present at low levels in complex samples that originate from various natural and biological sources. Included is an article on the determination of explosives. Volume 5: Elemental and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry This volume focuses on (1) the plethora of mostly atomic ionization techniques that have been coupled to MS for elemental analysis, the measurement of isotope ratios, and even the determination of inorganic compounds and (2) the precise measurement of isotope ratios of organic elements as small gas molecules by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Volume 6: Ionization Methods Volume 6 captures the story of molecular ionization and its phenomenal evolution that makes mass spectrometry the powerful method it is today. Chapters 1 and 2 cover fundamentals and various issues that are common to all ionization (e.g., accurate mass, isotope clusters, and derivatization). Chapters 3-9 acknowledge that some ionization methods are appropriate for gas-phase molecules and others for molecules that are in the solid or liquid states. Chapters 3-6 cover gas-phase molecules, dividing the subject into: (1) ionization of gas-phase molecules by particles (e.g., EI), (2) ionization by photons, (3) ionization by ion-molecule and molecule-molecule reactions (e.g., APCI and DART), and ionization in Strong electric fields (i.e., Electrohydrodynamic and Field Ionization/Desorption). "Ionization in a Strong Electric Field" illustrates the transition to ionization of molecules in the solid or liquid states, covered in Chapters 7-9: (1) spray methods for ionization (e.g., electrospray), (2) desorption ionization by particle bombardment (e.g., FAB), and (3) desorption by photons (e.g., MALDI). Electrospray and MALDI also lead to applications in biophysical chemistry, the theme of Chapter 10. Chapter 11 reconsiders ionization from the view of choosing an ionization method. The range of subjects is from ionization of organic and biomolecules to the study of microorganisms. Volume 7: Mass Analyzers The volume is under preparation Volume 8: Hyphenated Methods Starting with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and continuing through GCxGC-MS, LC-MSn, and LC-NMR-MS, hyphenated methods have revolutionized chemical analysis. This volume covers that revolution in two parts. The first (Chapters 1-4) describes principles, instrumentation, and technology, and the second (Chapters 5-10) organizes major application areas in GC-MS and LC-MS. After a general introduction (Chapter 1), attention is paid to principles and instrumentation of GC-MS (Chapter 2) and LC-MS (Chapter 3). Other hyphenated methods, including online combinations of capillary electromigration methods and supercritical fluid chromatography with mass spectrometry, are in Chapter 4. Applications are then covered in the remaining chapters. The application-oriented chapters are focused on the role of mainly LC-MS in the pharmaceutical field (Chapter 5) and biochemical and biotechnological applications (Chapter 10), and the application of both GC-MS and LC-MS in relation to environmental analysis (Chapter 6), food safety and food analysis (Chapter 7), characterization of natural products (Chapter 8), and clinical, toxicological, and forensic analysis (Chapter 9). Volume 9: History of Mass Spectrometry This volume is under preparation. Volume 10: Index * This multi-volume work is the first to provide unparalleled and comprehensive coverage of the full range of topics and techniques * Suitable for new graduate students who are interested but not yet versed in the subject of mass spectrometry * Techniques, methods and applications of mass spectrometry are described in considerable detail; including limitations, current problems, and areas in which the method does not succeed well
Book Synopsis Surfactant-mediated Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry in the Analysis of Small Biological Molecules by : David Charles Grant
Download or read book Surfactant-mediated Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry in the Analysis of Small Biological Molecules written by David Charles Grant and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Laser Desorption/ionization Mass Spectrometry for Direct Profiling and Imaging of Small Molecules from Raw Biological Materials by :
Download or read book Laser Desorption/ionization Mass Spectrometry for Direct Profiling and Imaging of Small Molecules from Raw Biological Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization(MALDI) mass spectrometry(MS) has been widely used for analysis of biological molecules, especially macromolecules such as proteins. However, MALDI MS has a problem in small molecule (less than 1 kDa) analysis because of the signal saturation by organic matrixes in the low mass region. In imaging MS (IMS), inhomogeneous surface formation due to the co-crystallization process by organic MALDI matrixes limits the spatial resolution of the mass spectral image. Therefore, to make laser desorption/ionization (LDI) MS more suitable for mass spectral profiling and imaging of small molecules directly from raw biological tissues, LDI MS protocols with various alternative assisting materials were developed and applied to many biological systems of interest. Colloidal graphite was used as a matrix for IMS of small molecules for the first time and methodologies for analyses of small metabolites in rat brain tissues, fruits, and plant tissues were developed. With rat brain tissues, the signal enhancement for cerebroside species by colloidal graphite was observed and images of cerebrosides were successfully generated by IMS. In addition, separation of isobaric lipid ions was performed by imaging tandem MS. Directly from Arabidopsis flowers, flavonoids were successfully profiled and heterogeneous distribution of flavonoids in petals was observed for the first time by graphite-assisted LDI(GALDI) IMS.
Book Synopsis The Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry, Ten-Volume Set by :
Download or read book The Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry, Ten-Volume Set written by and published by Elsevier Science. This book was released on 2013-09-27 with total page 7000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overview: The Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry The need for an encyclopedia of mass spectrometry (MS) becomes apparent when considering the subject's evolution. By 1990, MS had evolved as a discipline and as a technique for solving problems in chemistry. Along with nuclear magnetic resonance and optical spectroscopy, it was a tool for compound identification. For complex mixtures as found in environmental chemistry, flavors, energy materials, and small-molecule metabolism, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry had become the premier analytical method. Despite these advances, MS played in 1990 only a small role in polar and large-molecule analysis. Field desorption, fast atom bombardment, and Cf-252 plasma desorption gently pushed it into peptide sequencing and molecular weight determination of larger polymers. Although these ionizations had limitations, when they were coupled with tandem mass spectrometers, the future became clearer. MS now awaited the development of new ionization methods that would extend its capabilities into many different research laboratories. The inventions of electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in the late 1980s opened the door for that greater role. Even the discipline of MS could expand by embracing the chemical-physical studies of proteins and oligodeoxynucleotides in the gas phase. The broad applicability of MS to a multitude of chemical, physical, and biological problems makes it now the central tool in chemical analysis. No longer a specialist's tool, it has assumed broad applicability and availability. To permit a full and fruitful expansion in other disciplines, the Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry is designed to be a learning tool to newcomers who do not have the theoretical and practical background needed to take advantage of the possibilities of MS. Moreover, the field is now so broad that the specialist also needs a resource to allow exploration of its vast reaches. The encyclopedia meets that need and strives to be an entrance into the subject and to serve as its major reference work. Volume 1: Theory and Ion Chemistry Volume 1 begins with two theory chapters. The first discusses theoretical aspects of ion collisions, chemistry, and dynamics, and the second introduces ab initio calculations of ions. The latter has become a nearly indispensable tool in ion chemistry studies today. Instrumentation is essential in fundamental investigations. Chapter 3 introduces instrumentation, with an emphasis on unusual instrumentation, generally not commercially available. Ion traps, ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers, and time-of-flight instruments, which are important in both fundamental studies and in applications, are also covered. Chapter 4 discusses myriad means of performing spectroscopic experiments on ions. In the next chapter, various methods of measuring thermodynamic information about ions are introduced and evaluated. Collisional activation and dissociation processes, in various incarnations, are in Chapter 6. Mobility experiments are the focus of the next chapter, which covers fundamental aspects and applications of this rapidly growing technology. Various means and uses of changing charge states of ions is the topic of chapter 8. Chapters 9 and 10 introduce the ion chemistry of organic ions, positive and negative, respectively. The last three chapters (Chapter 11-13) are expositions of the ion chemistry of clusters and solvation phenomena, inorganic chemistry, and the rapidly expanding area of biochemistry. Volume 2: Biological Applications Part A The focus of Volume 2 is peptides and proteins. The organization emphasizes separation techniques, preparation protocols, and fundamentals of ionic gas-phase species of biological importance. This volume is divided into four sections: (1) experimental approaches and protocols, (2) sequence analysis, (3) other structural analyses, and (4) targeted applications. The first section encompass separation procedures (e.g., 2-D gel electrophoresis), sample preparation (e.g., desalting and enzyme digestion), and instrumentation issues (e.g., high resolving power, molecular-weight determination, protein chips, and quantification). H/D exchange, analysis of membrane proteins, and bioinformatics are included. The next section on sequencing covers high energy and low energy CAD, protein identification, fundamentals of peptide fragmentation, bottom-up and top-down strategies, chemical derivatization, and post-source decay with MALDI. A section on structure analysis includes primary structure determination and issues with studying quaternary structure, protein-protein and protein-ligand complexes, disulfide analysis, phosphopeptides and phosphoproteins, selenoproteins, nitrated proteins, metal ion binding, and oxidized proteins. Additional coverage of methods for studying the biophysics of proteins is provided in Volume 6. The last chapter, Targeted Applications, focuses on neuropeptides, clinical applications, enzyme kinetics, imaging, and single-cell analysis. Volume 3: Biological Applications Part B Over the past decades, enormous gains have been made towards the analysis of all the biomolecules in cells. Although early attention was focused on peptides and proteins, a wealth of information is arising about other major biomolecules including nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates. In no small way, modern ionization methods, especially electrospray and matrix-assisted laser desorption, have provided a quantum leap in the capabilities of the tools we can now deploy in answering biological questions involving structure and molecular weight of virtually every type of molecule in the cell. Volume 3 covers classes carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids. In addition, special areas of application are also included, such as pharmaceuticals, natural products, isotope ratio methods for biomolecules analysis, and clinical applications. The articles are arranged under general headings for continuity and ease of access, although several of these are of interest across the various disciplines. The articles cover basics and sufficient additional detail to bring the reader up-to-date on a given subject. Some advanced topics are also covered, either in a special section of an article or in additional reading citations. Volume 4: Organic and Organometallic Compounds This volume presents a cross section of applications in organic and organometallic chemistry in two parts. Chapters 1 to 6 are devoted to the fundamentals whereas chapters 7 and 8 cover applications to organic and organometallic compounds, either available as pure compounds or present in complex mixtures. Chapter 1 describes the theory for organic mass spectrometry, building on and complementing material in Volume 1. The themes for Chapter 2 are the structures and properties of gas-phase ions of conventional, distonic, and non-covalent complexes. Chapter 3 covers methodology used in study of gas-phase ions. Chapters 4 and 5 turn to mechanisms of both unimolecular and bimolecular reactions of ions and include topics in stereochemistry and radical chemistry. Chapter 6 contains a number of articles on the formation and reactivity of metal ion complexes and organometallic cations and anions, drawing connections with molecular recognition, catalysis and organic synthesis. Chapter 7 deals with the structure determination of organic compounds, including chiral compounds and natural products. In chapter 8 are contributions that provide illustrative examples of the determination of organic compounds present at low levels in complex samples that originate from various natural and biological sources. Included is an article on the determination of explosives. Volume 5: Elemental and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry This volume focuses on (1) the plethora of mostly atomic ionization techniques that have been coupled to MS for elemental analysis, the measurement of isotope ratios, and even the determination of inorganic compounds and (2) the precise measurement of isotope ratios of organic elements as small gas molecules by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Volume 6: Ionization Methods Volume 6 captures the story of molecular ionization and its phenomenal evolution that makes mass spectrometry the powerful method it is today. Chapters 1 and 2 cover fundamentals and various issues that are common to all ionization (e.g., accurate mass, isotope clusters, and derivatization). Chapters 3-9 acknowledge that some ionization methods are appropriate for gas-phase molecules and others for molecules that are in the solid or liquid states. Chapters 3-6 cover gas-phase molecules, dividing the subject into: (1) ionization of gas-phase molecules by particles (e.g., EI), (2) ionization by photons, (3) ionization by ion-molecule and molecule-molecule reactions (e.g., APCI and DART), and ionization in Strong electric fields (i.e., Electrohydrodynamic and Field Ionization/Desorption). "Ionization in a Strong Electric Field" illustrates the transition to ionization of molecules in the solid or liquid states, covered in Chapters 7-9: (1) spray methods for ionization (e.g., electrospray), (2) desorption ionization by particle bombardment (e.g., FAB), and (3) desorption by photons (e.g., MALDI). Electrospray and MALDI also lead to applications in biophysical chemistry, the theme of Chapter 10. Chapter 11 reconsiders ionization from the view of choosing an ionization method. The range of subjects is from ionization of organic and biomolecules to the study of microorganisms. Volume 7: Mass Analyzers The volume is under preparation Volume 8: Hyphenated Methods Starting with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and continuing through GCxGC-MS, LC-MSn, and LC-NMR-MS, hyphenated methods have revolutionized chemical analysis. This volume covers that revolution in two parts. The first (Chapters 1-4) describes principles, instrumentation, and technology, and the second (Chapters 5-10) organizes major application areas in GC-MS and LC-MS. After a general introduction (Chapter 1), attention is paid to principles and instrumentation of GC-MS (Chapter 2) and LC-MS (Chapter 3). Other hyphenated methods, including online combinations of capillary electromigration methods and supercritical fluid chromatography with mass spectrometry, are in Chapter 4. Applications are then covered in the remaining chapters. The application-oriented chapters are focused on the role of mainly LC-MS in the pharmaceutical field (Chapter 5) and biochemical and biotechnological applications (Chapter 10), and the application of both GC-MS and LC-MS in relation to environmental analysis (Chapter 6), food safety and food analysis (Chapter 7), characterization of natural products (Chapter 8), and clinical, toxicological, and forensic analysis (Chapter 9). Volume 9: History of Mass Spectrometry This volume is under preparation. Volume 10: Index This multi-volume work is the first to provide unparalleled and comprehensive coverage of the full range of topics and techniques Suitable for new graduate students who are interested but not yet versed in the subject of mass spectrometry Techniques, methods and applications of mass spectrometry are described in considerable detail; including limitations, current problems, and areas in which the method does not succeed well
Book Synopsis Experimental Study of Laser Desorbed Biological Molecules Using Ion-trap/reflectron Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry by : Heewon Lee
Download or read book Experimental Study of Laser Desorbed Biological Molecules Using Ion-trap/reflectron Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry written by Heewon Lee and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Inorganic and Organometallic Transition Metal Complexes with Biological Molecules and Living Cells by : Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
Download or read book Inorganic and Organometallic Transition Metal Complexes with Biological Molecules and Living Cells written by Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-12-30 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inorganic and Organometallic Transition Metal Complexes with Biological Molecules and Living Cells provides a complete overview of this important research area that is perfect for both newcomers and expert researchers in the field. Through concise chapters written and edited by esteemed experts, this book brings together a comprehensive treatment of the area previously only available through scattered, lengthy review articles in the literature. Advanced topics of research are covered, with particular focus on recent advances in the biological applications of transition metal complexes, including inorganic medicine, enzyme inhibitors, antiparasital agents, and biological imaging reagents. Geared toward researchers and students who seek an introductory overview of the field, as well as researchers working in advanced areas Focuses on the interactions of inorganic and organometallic transition metal complexes with biological molecules and live cells Foscuses on the fundamentals and their potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications Covers recent biological applications of transition metal complexes, such as anticancer drugs, enzyme inhibitors, bioconjugation agents, chemical biology tools, and bioimaging reagents
Book Synopsis Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Studying the Reactivity of Organic and Biological Molecules in Particles by : Julie A. Lloyd
Download or read book Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Studying the Reactivity of Organic and Biological Molecules in Particles written by Julie A. Lloyd and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Utilizing the fundamental principles of analytical chemistry such as controlling measurement variables and developing instrumentation is essential to understanding the complexity of the atmosphere. The work in this thesis will focus on conducting controlled laboratory experiments with ozone and particulate matter as well as the development of a new mass spectrometer for organic aerosol analysis. Angiotensin II (DRV Y I H P F) and two analogs (DRV Y I A P A, and DRV A I H P A) were used as model systems to study the ozonolysis of peptides containing tyrosine and histidine residues. New oxidation products, Tyr + 3O and Tyr + 34 Da, were observed as well as previously proposed products, Tyr + O, His + 3O, and Phe + O. Second order rate constants were calculated, and the relative reactivity of the isolated His residue was slightly greater than an isolated Tyr residue. Lifetimes of the peptides in the atmosphere were estimated to be on the order of 20-30 days assuming no other decomposition pathways. A novel IT-TOF mass spectrometer with the ability to perform multiple ionization techniques such as LDI, LD-EI, and MALDI was designed and applied to the online analysis of organic aerosol. Airborne particles are first focused through an aerodynamic lens assembly and deposited onto a stainless steel collection probe inserted through a hole in the ring electrode of an ion trap. The collected sample is desorbed and ionized with a pulsed 355 or 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser beam within the ion trap cavity. Ions are collisionally cooled to the center of the trap prior to extraction into a reflectron time-of-flight mass analyzer. Parameters such as RF amplitude, laser energies, timing delays, and probe materials were investigated. The IT-TOF mass spectrometer was applied to study the reaction of ammonium nitrate particles with trimethylamine (TMA) vapor. When exposed to a large excess of TMA, complete exchange of ammonia by TMA was observed. Lower TMA concentrations resulted in partial exchange. The reactive uptake coefficient was estimated to be 2 x 10 -6, but this is likely to be a lower limit due to losses of TMA prior to introduction into the reaction system.
Book Synopsis Photoionization and Photo-Induced Processes in Mass Spectrometry by : Ralf Zimmermann
Download or read book Photoionization and Photo-Induced Processes in Mass Spectrometry written by Ralf Zimmermann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-06 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides comprehensive coverage of laser-induced ionization processes for mass spectrometry analysis Drawing on the expertise of the leading academic and industrial research groups involved in the development of photoionization methods for mass spectrometry, this reference for analytical scientists covers both the theory and current applications of photo-induced ionization processes. It places widely used techniques such as MALDI side by side with more specialist approaches such as REMPI and RIMS, and discusses leading edge developments in ultrashort laser pulse desorption, to give readers a complete picture of the state of the technology. Photoionization and Photo-Induced Processes in Mass Spectrometry: Fundamentals and Applications starts with a complete overview of the fundamentals of the technique, covering the basics of the gas phase ionization as well as those of laser desorption and ablation, pulse photoionization, and single particle ionization. Numerous application examples from different analytical fields are described that showcase the power and the wide scope of photo ionization in mass spectrometry. -The first general reference book on photoionization techniques for mass spectrometry -Examines technologies and applications of gas phase resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry (REMPI-MS) and gas phase resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) -Provides complete coverage of popular techniques like MALDI -Discusses the current and potential applications of each technology, focusing on process and environmental analysis Photoionization and Photo-Induced Processes in Mass Spectrometry: Fundamentals and Applications is an excellent book for spectroscopists, analytical chemists, photochemists, physical chemists, and laser specialists.
Book Synopsis The Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry, Ten-Volume Set by :
Download or read book The Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry, Ten-Volume Set written by and published by Elsevier Science. This book was released on 2013-09-27 with total page 7000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overview: The Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry The need for an encyclopedia of mass spectrometry (MS) becomes apparent when considering the subject's evolution. By 1990, MS had evolved as a discipline and as a technique for solving problems in chemistry. Along with nuclear magnetic resonance and optical spectroscopy, it was a tool for compound identification. For complex mixtures as found in environmental chemistry, flavors, energy materials, and small-molecule metabolism, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry had become the premier analytical method. Despite these advances, MS played in 1990 only a small role in polar and large-molecule analysis. Field desorption, fast atom bombardment, and Cf-252 plasma desorption gently pushed it into peptide sequencing and molecular weight determination of larger polymers. Although these ionizations had limitations, when they were coupled with tandem mass spectrometers, the future became clearer. MS now awaited the development of new ionization methods that would extend its capabilities into many different research laboratories. The inventions of electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in the late 1980s opened the door for that greater role. Even the discipline of MS could expand by embracing the chemical-physical studies of proteins and oligodeoxynucleotides in the gas phase. The broad applicability of MS to a multitude of chemical, physical, and biological problems makes it now the central tool in chemical analysis. No longer a specialist's tool, it has assumed broad applicability and availability. To permit a full and fruitful expansion in other disciplines, the Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry is designed to be a learning tool to newcomers who do not have the theoretical and practical background needed to take advantage of the possibilities of MS. Moreover, the field is now so broad that the specialist also needs a resource to allow exploration of its vast reaches. The encyclopedia meets that need and strives to be an entrance into the subject and to serve as its major reference work. Volume 1: Theory and Ion Chemistry Volume 1 begins with two theory chapters. The first discusses theoretical aspects of ion collisions, chemistry, and dynamics, and the second introduces ab initio calculations of ions. The latter has become a nearly indispensable tool in ion chemistry studies today. Instrumentation is essential in fundamental investigations. Chapter 3 introduces instrumentation, with an emphasis on unusual instrumentation, generally not commercially available. Ion traps, ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers, and time-of-flight instruments, which are important in both fundamental studies and in applications, are also covered. Chapter 4 discusses myriad means of performing spectroscopic experiments on ions. In the next chapter, various methods of measuring thermodynamic information about ions are introduced and evaluated. Collisional activation and dissociation processes, in various incarnations, are in Chapter 6. Mobility experiments are the focus of the next chapter, which covers fundamental aspects and applications of this rapidly growing technology. Various means and uses of changing charge states of ions is the topic of chapter 8. Chapters 9 and 10 introduce the ion chemistry of organic ions, positive and negative, respectively. The last three chapters (Chapter 11-13) are expositions of the ion chemistry of clusters and solvation phenomena, inorganic chemistry, and the rapidly expanding area of biochemistry. Volume 2: Biological Applications Part A The focus of Volume 2 is peptides and proteins. The organization emphasizes separation techniques, preparation protocols, and fundamentals of ionic gas-phase species of biological importance. This volume is divided into four sections: (1) experimental approaches and protocols, (2) sequence analysis, (3) other structural analyses, and (4) targeted applications. The first section encompass separation procedures (e.g., 2-D gel electrophoresis), sample preparation (e.g., desalting and enzyme digestion), and instrumentation issues (e.g., high resolving power, molecular-weight determination, protein chips, and quantification). H/D exchange, analysis of membrane proteins, and bioinformatics are included. The next section on sequencing covers high energy and low energy CAD, protein identification, fundamentals of peptide fragmentation, bottom-up and top-down strategies, chemical derivatization, and post-source decay with MALDI. A section on structure analysis includes primary structure determination and issues with studying quaternary structure, protein-protein and protein-ligand complexes, disulfide analysis, phosphopeptides and phosphoproteins, selenoproteins, nitrated proteins, metal ion binding, and oxidized proteins. Additional coverage of methods for studying the biophysics of proteins is provided in Volume 6. The last chapter, Targeted Applications, focuses on neuropeptides, clinical applications, enzyme kinetics, imaging, and single-cell analysis. Volume 3: Biological Applications Part B Over the past decades, enormous gains have been made towards the analysis of all the biomolecules in cells. Although early attention was focused on peptides and proteins, a wealth of information is arising about other major biomolecules including nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates. In no small way, modern ionization methods, especially electrospray and matrix-assisted laser desorption, have provided a quantum leap in the capabilities of the tools we can now deploy in answering biological questions involving structure and molecular weight of virtually every type of molecule in the cell. Volume 3 covers classes carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids. In addition, special areas of application are also included, such as pharmaceuticals, natural products, isotope ratio methods for biomolecules analysis, and clinical applications. The articles are arranged under general headings for continuity and ease of access, although several of these are of interest across the various disciplines. The articles cover basics and sufficient additional detail to bring the reader up-to-date on a given subject. Some advanced topics are also covered, either in a special section of an article or in additional reading citations. Volume 4: Organic and Organometallic Compounds This volume presents a cross section of applications in organic and organometallic chemistry in two parts. Chapters 1 to 6 are devoted to the fundamentals whereas chapters 7 and 8 cover applications to organic and organometallic compounds, either available as pure compounds or present in complex mixtures. Chapter 1 describes the theory for organic mass spectrometry, building on and complementing material in Volume 1. The themes for Chapter 2 are the structures and properties of gas-phase ions of conventional, distonic, and non-covalent complexes. Chapter 3 covers methodology used in study of gas-phase ions. Chapters 4 and 5 turn to mechanisms of both unimolecular and bimolecular reactions of ions and include topics in stereochemistry and radical chemistry. Chapter 6 contains a number of articles on the formation and reactivity of metal ion complexes and organometallic cations and anions, drawing connections with molecular recognition, catalysis and organic synthesis. Chapter 7 deals with the structure determination of organic compounds, including chiral compounds and natural products. In chapter 8 are contributions that provide illustrative examples of the determination of organic compounds present at low levels in complex samples that originate from various natural and biological sources. Included is an article on the determination of explosives. Volume 5: Elemental and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry This volume focuses on (1) the plethora of mostly atomic ionization techniques that have been coupled to MS for elemental analysis, the measurement of isotope ratios, and even the determination of inorganic compounds and (2) the precise measurement of isotope ratios of organic elements as small gas molecules by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Volume 6: Ionization Methods Volume 6 captures the story of molecular ionization and its phenomenal evolution that makes mass spectrometry the powerful method it is today. Chapters 1 and 2 cover fundamentals and various issues that are common to all ionization (e.g., accurate mass, isotope clusters, and derivatization). Chapters 3-9 acknowledge that some ionization methods are appropriate for gas-phase molecules and others for molecules that are in the solid or liquid states. Chapters 3-6 cover gas-phase molecules, dividing the subject into: (1) ionization of gas-phase molecules by particles (e.g., EI), (2) ionization by photons, (3) ionization by ion-molecule and molecule-molecule reactions (e.g., APCI and DART), and ionization in Strong electric fields (i.e., Electrohydrodynamic and Field Ionization/Desorption). "Ionization in a Strong Electric Field" illustrates the transition to ionization of molecules in the solid or liquid states, covered in Chapters 7-9: (1) spray methods for ionization (e.g., electrospray), (2) desorption ionization by particle bombardment (e.g., FAB), and (3) desorption by photons (e.g., MALDI). Electrospray and MALDI also lead to applications in biophysical chemistry, the theme of Chapter 10. Chapter 11 reconsiders ionization from the view of choosing an ionization method. The range of subjects is from ionization of organic and biomolecules to the study of microorganisms. Volume 7: Mass Analyzers The volume is under preparation Volume 8: Hyphenated Methods Starting with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and continuing through GCxGC-MS, LC-MSn, and LC-NMR-MS, hyphenated methods have revolutionized chemical analysis. This volume covers that revolution in two parts. The first (Chapters 1-4) describes principles, instrumentation, and technology, and the second (Chapters 5-10) organizes major application areas in GC-MS and LC-MS. After a general introduction (Chapter 1), attention is paid to principles and instrumentation of GC-MS (Chapter 2) and LC-MS (Chapter 3). Other hyphenated methods, including online combinations of capillary electromigration methods and supercritical fluid chromatography with mass spectrometry, are in Chapter 4. Applications are then covered in the remaining chapters. The application-oriented chapters are focused on the role of mainly LC-MS in the pharmaceutical field (Chapter 5) and biochemical and biotechnological applications (Chapter 10), and the application of both GC-MS and LC-MS in relation to environmental analysis (Chapter 6), food safety and food analysis (Chapter 7), characterization of natural products (Chapter 8), and clinical, toxicological, and forensic analysis (Chapter 9). Volume 9: History of Mass Spectrometry This volume is under preparation. Volume 10: Index * This multi-volume work is the first to provide unparalleled and comprehensive coverage of the full range of topics and techniques * Suitable for new graduate students who are interested but not yet versed in the subject of mass spectrometry * Techniques, methods and applications of mass spectrometry are described in considerable detail; including limitations, current problems, and areas in which the method does not succeed well
Book Synopsis Fundamental Study and Method Development for Surface-based Laser Desorption Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry by :
Download or read book Fundamental Study and Method Development for Surface-based Laser Desorption Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By providing both the chemical identity and the spatial organization of each component in biological samples, Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS) becomes an emerging tool in clinic and pharmacological study. Most work in IMS has been focused on protein and peptide mapping in biological samples to take advantage of effective analyte ionization in MALDI-MS, and also partially due to the limitation of MALDI-MS in small molecule detection. The focus of my research is to develop novel tools to image spatial distribution of small molecules in biological samples. A surface-based mass spectrometric imaging method, i.e. Desorption/Ionization on Silicon (DIOS), was used for biological surface analysis in the concept-proof investigation. More over, possible proton transferring pathways and impact of local chemical environment have been systematically investigated in the fundamental understanding of ionization mechanism of SALDI-MS. Based on the finding on the SALDI mechanism, a hybrid ionization approach, ME-SALDI has been developed by combing the strength of the conventional MALDI matrix and SALDI, where the improved detection sensitivity with reduced matrix-analyte interference and the improved imaging capability through analysis of mouse brain and heart sections has been demonstrated. In addition, the impact of vacuum stability of matrix in ME-SALDI-IMS applications has been examined. A solvent free, homogenous and reproducible sublimation method has been developed for ionic matrix in ME-SALDI, by which improved vacuum stability and MS detection have been achieved. Furthermore, a new generation of meso-porous oxide substrate was developed as a novel ME-SALDI substrate with a superior storage stability, extended detectable mass range and robust substrate preparation.
