Analogy As Structure And Process

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Analogy as Structure and Process

Author : Esa Itkonen
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9027294011
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Analogy as Structure and Process by : Esa Itkonen

Download or read book Analogy as Structure and Process written by Esa Itkonen and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2005-12-08 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of analogy is of central concern to modern cognitive scientists, whereas it has been largely neglected in linguistics in the past four decades. The goal of this thought-provoking book is (1) to introduce a cognitively and linguistically viable notion of analogy; and (2) to re-establish and build on traditional linguistic analogy-based research. As a starting point, a general definition of analogy is offered that makes the distinction between analogy-as-structure and analogy-as-process. Chapter 2 deals with analogy as used in traditional linguistics. It demonstrates how phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and diachronic linguistics make use of analogy and discusses linguistic domains in which analogy does or did not work. The appendix gives a description of a computer program, which performs such instances of analogy-based syntactic analysis as have long been claimed impossible. Chapter 3 supports the ultimate (non-modular) ‘unity of the mind’ and discusses the existence of pervasive analogies between language and such cognitive domains as vision, music, and logic. The final chapter presents evidence for the view that the cosmology of every culture is based on analogy. At a more abstract level, the role of analogy in scientific change is scrutinized, resulting in a meta-analogy between myth and science.

Analogy as Structure and Process

Author : Esa Itkonen
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9789027223661
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (236 download)

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Book Synopsis Analogy as Structure and Process by : Esa Itkonen

Download or read book Analogy as Structure and Process written by Esa Itkonen and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of analogy is of central concern to modern cognitive scientists, whereas it has been largely neglected in linguistics in the past four decades. The goal of this thought-provoking book is (1) to introduce a cognitively and linguistically viable notion of analogy; and (2) to re-establish and build on traditional linguistic analogy-based research. As a starting point, a general definition of analogy is offered that makes the distinction between analogy-as-structure and analogy-as-process. Chapter 2 deals with analogy as used in traditional linguistics. It demonstrates how phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and diachronic linguistics make use of analogy and discusses linguistic domains in which analogy does or did not work. The appendix gives a description of a computer program, which performs such instances of analogy-based syntactic analysis as have long been claimed impossible. Chapter 3 supports the ultimate (non-modular) 'unity of the mind' and discusses the existence of pervasive analogies between language and such cognitive domains as vision, music, and logic. The final chapter presents evidence for the view that the cosmology of every culture is based on analogy. At a more abstract level, the role of analogy in scientific change is scrutinized, resulting in a meta-analogy between myth and science.

The Changing English Language

Author : Marianne Hundt
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107086868
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis The Changing English Language by : Marianne Hundt

Download or read book The Changing English Language written by Marianne Hundt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-07-20 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts from psycholinguistics and English historical linguistics address core factors in language change.

Computation for Metaphors, Analogy, and Agents

Author : Chrystopher L. Nehaniv
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540488340
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Computation for Metaphors, Analogy, and Agents by : Chrystopher L. Nehaniv

Download or read book Computation for Metaphors, Analogy, and Agents written by Chrystopher L. Nehaniv and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-06-26 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together the work of researchers from various disciplines where aspects of descriptive, mathematical, computational or design knowledge concerning metaphor and analogy, especially in the context of agents, have emerged. The book originates from an international workshop on Computation for Metaphors, Analogy, and Agents (CMAA), held in Aizu, Japan in April 1998. The 19 carefully reviewed and revised papers presented together with an introduction by the volume editor are organized into sections on Metaphor and Blending, Embodiment, Interaction, Imitation, Situated Mapping in Space and Time, Algebraic Engineering: Respecting Structure, and a Sea-Change in Viewpoints.

Analogy, Levelling, Markedness

Author : Aditi Lahiri
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 9783110175523
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (755 download)

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Book Synopsis Analogy, Levelling, Markedness by : Aditi Lahiri

Download or read book Analogy, Levelling, Markedness written by Aditi Lahiri and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2003 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ranging from tonogenesis, stress shift, and quantity readjustment to paradigmatic levelling, allomorphy, and grammaticalization, this collection covers a wide spectrum of developments, primarily in Germanic, Romance, and Indo-Aryan. A traditional umbrella category of change in systems is that of analogy. Somewhat less sanctioned, markedness is a basic relation shaping the structure of systems, in phonology as well as morphology.

Multiple Analogies in Science and Philosophy

Author : Cameron Shelley
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9789027223630
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (236 download)

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Book Synopsis Multiple Analogies in Science and Philosophy by : Cameron Shelley

Download or read book Multiple Analogies in Science and Philosophy written by Cameron Shelley and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multiple analogy is a structured comparison in which several sources are likened to a target. In "Multiple analogies in science and philosophy," Shelley provides a thorough account of the cognitive representations and processes that participate in multiple analogy formation. Through analysis of real examples taken from the fields of evolutionary biology, archaeology, and Plato's "Republic," Shelley argues that multiple analogies are not simply concatenated single analogies but are instead the general form of analogical inference, of which single analogies are a special case. The result is a truly general cognitive model of analogical inference.Shelley also shows how a cognitive account of multiple analogies addresses important philosophical issues such as the confidence that one may have in an analogical explanation, and the role of analogy in science and philosophy.This book lucidly demonstrates that important questions regarding analogical inference cannot be answered adequately by consideration of single analogies alone.

Metaphor and Analogy in Science Education

Author : Peter J. Aubusson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402038305
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Metaphor and Analogy in Science Education by : Peter J. Aubusson

Download or read book Metaphor and Analogy in Science Education written by Peter J. Aubusson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-06-28 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Years ago a primary teacher told me about a great series of lessons she had just had. The class had visited rock pools on the seashore, and when she asked them about their observations they talked about: it was like a factory, it was like a church, it was like a garden, it was like our kitchen at breakfast time, etc. Each student’s analogy could be elaborated, and these analogies provided her with strongly engaged students and a great platform from which to develop their learning about biological diversity and interdependence. In everyday life we learn so many things by comparing and contrasting. The use of analogies and metaphors is important in science itself and their use in teaching science seems a natural extension, but textbooks with their own sparse logic, do not help teachers or students. David Ausubel in the 1960s had advocated the use of ‘advance organisers’ to introduce the teaching of conceptual material in the sciences, and some of these had an analogical character. However, research on the value of this idea was cumbersome and indecisive, and it ceased after just a few studies. In the 1980s research into children’s conceptions of scientific phenomena and concepts really burgeoned, and it was soon followed by an exploration of a new set of pedagogical strategies that recognised a student in a science class is much more than a tabula rasa.

Analogy

Author : Raimo Anttila
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110803348
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Analogy by : Raimo Anttila

Download or read book Analogy written by Raimo Anttila and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-05-20 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No detailed description available for "Analogy".

Metaphor, Analogy, and the Place of Places

Author : Carl G. Vaught
Publisher : Baylor University Press
ISBN 13 : 1932792074
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Metaphor, Analogy, and the Place of Places by : Carl G. Vaught

Download or read book Metaphor, Analogy, and the Place of Places written by Carl G. Vaught and published by Baylor University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vaught identifies the place where religion and philosophy meet--and he does so in constant conversation with Augustine, Hegel, Heidegger and Jaspers. Vaught argues that both religious and philosophical discourse assume one of four modes: figurative, analytical, systematic, and analogical. Any real innovation occurs by moving from one mode of discourse to another. Vaught also explores the relationship among "space," "time," and "place" as well as "mystery," "power," and "structure." Remarkably, Vaught shows how the category of "place" serves as the intersection of both triads. In the end, "place" is the orientation that guides the discussions of Being and God, where philosophy and religion are joined.

Analogy and Structure

Author : R. Skousen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401580987
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Analogy and Structure by : R. Skousen

Download or read book Analogy and Structure written by R. Skousen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analogy and Structure provides the necessary foundation for understanding the nature of analogical and structuralist (or rule-based) approaches to describing behavior. In the first part of this book, the mathematical properties of rule approaches are developed; in the second part, the analogical alternative to rules is developed. This book serves as the mathematical basis for Analogical Modeling of Language (Kluwer, 1989). Features include: A Natural Measure of Uncertainty: The disagreement between randomly chosen occurences avids the difficulties of using entropy as the measure of uncertainty. Optimal Descriptions: The implicit assumption of structuralist descriptions (namely, that descriptions of behavior should be corrected and minimal) can be derived from more fundamental statements about the uncertainty of rule systems. Problems with Rule Approaches: The correct description of nondeterministic behavior leads to an atomistic, analog alternative to structuralist (or rule-based) descriptions. Natural Statistics: Traditional statistical tests are eliminated in favor of statistically equivalent decision rules that involve little or no mathematical calculation. Psycholinguistic Factors: Analogical models, unlike, neural networks, directly account for probabilistic learning as well as reaction times in world-recognition experiments.

Conceptual Structures for Knowledge Creation and Communication

Author : Aldo de Moor
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540405763
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Conceptual Structures for Knowledge Creation and Communication by : Aldo de Moor

Download or read book Conceptual Structures for Knowledge Creation and Communication written by Aldo de Moor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-07-09 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS 2003, held in Dresden, Germany in July 2003. The 23 revised full papers presented together with 5 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected for presentation. The papers are organized in topical sections on the many facets of conceptual structures, logical and linguistic aspects, conceptual representation of time and space, deepening the formal theory and applications of conceptual structures.

Analogy and Contrast in Language

Author : Karolina Krawczak
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9027257450
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Analogy and Contrast in Language by : Karolina Krawczak

Download or read book Analogy and Contrast in Language written by Karolina Krawczak and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2022-10-15 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within cognitive and functional approaches to language structure and grammaticality, analogy and contrast represent two fundamental human cognitive capacities, which, up to now, have mostly been examined separately. This volume seeks to bridge that gap and in doing so it brings together cutting-edge theoretical and empirical research in the field. The chapters in this book examine analogy and contrast across a variety of languages (English, Finnish, Hungarian, Polish, Russian), for different language phenomena (constructions, lexical semantics, morphology, sentence structure, text organization), and with the use of various methods (corpus linguistics, discourse analysis, experimental methods, qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis). This state-of-the-art research presented in the book should be of interest to specialists within Cognitive Linguistics, corpus linguistics, construction grammar, discourse analysis, translation studies, metaphor research, and cross-cultural research.

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Structural Stability and Dynamics

Author : G. R. Liu
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9812382542
Total Pages : 1083 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (123 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Structural Stability and Dynamics by : G. R. Liu

Download or read book Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Structural Stability and Dynamics written by G. R. Liu and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003 with total page 1083 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ICSSD 2002 is the second in the series of International Conferences on Structural Stability and Dynamics, which provides a forum for the exchange of ideas and experiences in structural stability and dynamics among academics, engineers, scientists and applied mathematicians. Held in the modern and vibrant city of Singapore, ICSSD 2002 provides a peep at the areas which experts on structural stability and dynamics will be occupied with in the near future. From the technical sessions, it is evident that well-known structural stability and dynamic theories and the computational tools have evolved to an even more advanced stage. Many delegates from diverse lands have contributed to the ICSSD 2002 proceedings, along with the participation of colleagues from the First Asian Workshop on Meshfree Methods and the International Workshop on Recent Advances in Experiments and Computations on Modeling of Heterogeneous Systems. Forming a valuable source for future reference, the proceedings contain 153 papers ? including 3 keynote papers and 23 invited papers ? contributed by authors from all over the world who are working in advanced multi-disciplinary areas of research in engineering. All these papers are peer-reviewed, with excellent quality, and cover the topics of structural stability, structural dynamics, computational methods, wave propagation, nonlinear analysis, failure analysis, inverse problems, non-destructive evaluation, smart materials and structures, vibration control and seismic responses.The major features of the book are summarized as follows: a total of 153 papers are included with many of them presenting fresh ideas and new areas of research; all papers have been peer-reviewed and are grouped into sections for easy reference; wide coverage of research areas is provided and yet there is good linkage with the central topic of structural stability and dynamics; the methods discussed include those that are theoretical, analytical, computational, artificial, evolutional and experimental; the applications range from civil to mechanical to geo-mechanical engineering, and even to bioengineering.

Theory of Nonlinear Structural Analysis

Author : Gang Li
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118718062
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (187 download)

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Book Synopsis Theory of Nonlinear Structural Analysis by : Gang Li

Download or read book Theory of Nonlinear Structural Analysis written by Gang Li and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive book focusing on the Force Analogy Method, a novel method for nonlinear dynamic analysis and simulation This book focusses on the Force Analogy Method, a novel method for nonlinear dynamic analysis and simulation. A review of the current nonlinear analysis method for earthquake engineering will be summarized and explained. Additionally, how the force analogy method can be used in nonlinear static analysis will be discussed through several nonlinear static examples. The emphasis of this book is to extend and develop the force analogy method to performing dynamic analysis on structures under earthquake excitations, where the force analogy method is incorporated in the flexural element, axial element, shearing element and so on will be exhibited. Moreover, the geometric nonlinearity into nonlinear dynamic analysis algorithm based on the force analogy method is included. The application of the force analogy method in seismic design for buildings and structural control area is discussed and combined with practical engineering.

Theories of Lexical Semantics

Author : Dirk Geeraerts
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191572535
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Theories of Lexical Semantics by : Dirk Geeraerts

Download or read book Theories of Lexical Semantics written by Dirk Geeraerts and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-11-12 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theories of Lexical Semantics offers a comprehensive overview of the major traditions of word meaning research in linguistics. In spite of the growing importance of the lexicon in linguistic theory, no overview of the main theoretical trends in lexical semantics is currently available. This book fills that gap by charting the evolution of the discipline from the mid nineteenth century to the present day. It presents the main ideas, the landmark publications, and the dominant figures of five traditions: historical-philological semantics, structuralist semantics, generativist semantics, neostructuralist semantics, and cognitive semantics. The theoretical and methodological relationship between the approaches is a major point of attention throughout the text: going well beyond a mere chronological enumeration, the book does not only describe the theoretical currents of lexical semantics, but also the undercurrents that have shaped its evolution.

Systematicity and Surface Similarity in the Development of Analogy

Author : Dedre Gentner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Systematicity and Surface Similarity in the Development of Analogy by : Dedre Gentner

Download or read book Systematicity and Surface Similarity in the Development of Analogy written by Dedre Gentner and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Narrative Analogy in the Hebrew Bible

Author : Joshua Berman
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9047413687
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (474 download)

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Book Synopsis Narrative Analogy in the Hebrew Bible by : Joshua Berman

Download or read book Narrative Analogy in the Hebrew Bible written by Joshua Berman and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2004-07-01 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume sheds fresh light upon the phenomenon of narrative doubling in the Hebrew Bible. Through an innovative interdisciplinary model the author defines the notion of narrative analogy in relation to other literatures where it has been studied such as English Renaissance drama and makes extensive critical use of contemporary literary theory, particularly that of the Russian formalist Vladimir Propp. His exploitation of narrative doubling, with a focus upon the metaphorical, reorients our reading by uncovering a major dynamic in biblical literature. The author examines several battle reports and demonstrates how each could be interpreted as an oblique commentary and metaphor for the non-battle account that immediately precedes it. Battle scenes are revealed to stand in metaphoric analogy with, among others, accounts of a trial, a rape, a drinking feast, and a court-deliberation. Joshua Berman offers new insights to the ever-growing concern with the relationship between historiography and literary strategies, and succeeds in articulating a new aspect of biblical ideology concerning human and divine relationship.