Analogical Investigations

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Analogical Investigations

Author : G. E. R. Lloyd
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 131639557X
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (163 download)

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Book Synopsis Analogical Investigations by : G. E. R. Lloyd

Download or read book Analogical Investigations written by G. E. R. Lloyd and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-09 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Western philosophy and science are responsible for constructing some powerful tools of investigation, aiming at discovering the truth, delivering robust explanations, verifying conjectures, showing that inferences are sound and demonstrating results conclusively. By contrast reasoning that depends on analogies has often been viewed with suspicion. Professor Lloyd first explores the origins of those Western ideals, criticises some of their excesses and redresses the balance in favour of looser, admittedly non-demonstrative analogical reasoning. For this he takes examples both from ancient Greek and Chinese thought and from the materials of recent ethnography to show how different ancient and modern cultures have developed different styles of reasoning. He also develops two original but controversial ideas, that of semantic stretch (to cast doubt on the literal/metaphorical dichotomy) and the multidimensionality of reality (to bypass the realism versus relativism and nature versus nurture controversies).

Analogical Investigations

Author : G. E. R. Lloyd
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107107849
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Analogical Investigations by : G. E. R. Lloyd

Download or read book Analogical Investigations written by G. E. R. Lloyd and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-10 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Penetrating cross-cultural analysis of alternative models of human reasoning. Uses examples from ancient Greek and Chinese thought and recent ethnography.

The Principles of Science: Book IV. Inductive investigation. Book V. Generalization, analogy, and classification. Book VI. Reflections on the results and limits of scientific method

Download The Principles of Science: Book IV. Inductive investigation. Book V. Generalization, analogy, and classification. Book VI. Reflections on the results and limits of scientific method PDF Online Free

Author : William Stanley Jevons
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 524 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Principles of Science: Book IV. Inductive investigation. Book V. Generalization, analogy, and classification. Book VI. Reflections on the results and limits of scientific method by : William Stanley Jevons

Download or read book The Principles of Science: Book IV. Inductive investigation. Book V. Generalization, analogy, and classification. Book VI. Reflections on the results and limits of scientific method written by William Stanley Jevons and published by . This book was released on 1874 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Analogical Mind

Author : Dedre Gentner
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262571395
Total Pages : 562 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (713 download)

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Book Synopsis The Analogical Mind by : Dedre Gentner

Download or read book The Analogical Mind written by Dedre Gentner and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2001-03-02 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analogy has been the focus of extensive research in cognitive science over the past two decades. Through analogy, novel situations and problems can be understood in terms of familiar ones. Indeed, a case can be made for analogical processing as the very core of cognition. This is the first book to span the full range of disciplines concerned with analogy. Its contributors represent cognitive, developmental, and comparative psychology; neuroscience; artificial intelligence; linguistics; and philosophy. The book is divided into three parts. The first part describes computational models of analogy as well as their relation to computational models of other cognitive processes. The second part addresses the role of analogy in a wide range of cognitive tasks, such as forming complex cognitive structures, conveying emotion, making decisions, and solving problems. The third part looks at the development of analogy in children and the possible use of analogy in nonhuman primates. Contributors Miriam Bassok, Consuelo B. Boronat, Brian Bowdle, Fintan Costello, Kevin Dunbar, Gilles Fauconnier, Kenneth D. Forbus, Dedre Gentner, Usha Goswami, Brett Gray, Graeme S. Halford, Douglas Hofstadter, Keith J. Holyoak, John E. Hummel, Mark T. Keane, Boicho N. Kokinov, Arthur B. Markman, C. Page Moreau, David L. Oden, Alexander A. Petrov, Steven Phillips, David Premack, Cameron Shelley, Paul Thagard, Roger K.R. Thompson, William H. Wilson, Phillip Wolff

Practices of Comparing

Author : Angelika Epple
Publisher : transcript Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3839451663
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Practices of Comparing by : Angelika Epple

Download or read book Practices of Comparing written by Angelika Epple and published by transcript Verlag. This book was released on 2020-06-22 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practices of comparing shape how we perceive, organize, and change the world. Supposedly innocent, practices of comparing play a decisive role in forming categories, boundaries, and hierarchies; but they can also give an impetus to question and change such structures. Like almost no other human practice, comparing pervades all social, political, economic, and cultural spheres. This volume outlines the program of a new research agenda that places comparative practices at the center of an interdisciplinary exploration. Its contributions combine case studies with overarching systematic considerations. They show what insights can be gained and which further questions arise when one makes a seemingly trivial practice - comparing - the subject of in-depth research.

ECAI 2016

Author : G.A. Kaminka
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 1614996725
Total Pages : 1860 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (149 download)

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Book Synopsis ECAI 2016 by : G.A. Kaminka

Download or read book ECAI 2016 written by G.A. Kaminka and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 1860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial Intelligence continues to be one of the most exciting and fast-developing fields of computer science. This book presents the 177 long papers and 123 short papers accepted for ECAI 2016, the latest edition of the biennial European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Europe’s premier venue for presenting scientific results in AI. The conference was held in The Hague, the Netherlands, from August 29 to September 2, 2016. ECAI 2016 also incorporated the conference on Prestigious Applications of Intelligent Systems (PAIS) 2016, and the Starting AI Researcher Symposium (STAIRS). The papers from PAIS are included in this volume; the papers from STAIRS are published in a separate volume in the Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications (FAIA) series. Organized by the European Association for Artificial Intelligence (EurAI) and the Benelux Association for Artificial Intelligence (BNVKI), the ECAI conference provides an opportunity for researchers to present and hear about the very best research in contemporary AI. This proceedings will be of interest to all those seeking an overview of the very latest innovations and developments in this field.

Scientific Concepts and Investigative Practice

Author : Uljana Feest
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110253615
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Concepts and Investigative Practice by : Uljana Feest

Download or read book Scientific Concepts and Investigative Practice written by Uljana Feest and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-10-30 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent philosophy and history of science has seen a surge of interest in the role of concepts in scientific research. Scholars working in this new field focus on scientific concepts, rather than theories, as units of analysis and on the ways in which concepts are formed and used rather than on what they represent. They analyze what has traditionally been called the context of discovery, rather than (or in addition to) the context of justification. And they examine the dynamics of research rather than the status of the finished research results. This volume provides detailed case studies and general analyses to address questions raised by these points, such as: - Can concepts be clearly distinguished from the sets of beliefs we have about their referents? - What - if any - sense can be made of the separation between concepts and theories? - Can we distinguish between empirical and theoretical concepts? - Are there interesting similarities and differences between the role of concepts in the empirical sciences and in mathematics? - What underlying notion of investigative practice could be drawn on to explicate the role of concept in such practice? - From a philosophical point of view, is the distinction between discovery and justification a helpful frame of reference for inquiring into the dynamics of research? - From a historiographical point of view, does a focus on concepts face the danger of falling back into an old-fashioned history of ideas?

Analogical Reasoning

Author : D.H. Helman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401578117
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Analogical Reasoning by : D.H. Helman

Download or read book Analogical Reasoning written by D.H. Helman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last few years, there has been an enormous amount of activity in the study of analogy and metaphor. This is partly because of an interest of artificial intelligence researchers in simulating learning processes using analogy. It also arises from critical examinations of standard theories in the philosophy of language, with their inbuilt literal/meta phoric distinction. This volume consists of recent previously unpub lished work in this area, with a particular emphasis upon the role of analogies in reasoning and, more generally, their role in thought and language. The papers are contributed by philosophers, computer scientists, cognitive scientists and literary critics. Researchers in these fields whose focus is the study of analogy and metaphor will find much of interest in this volume. These essays can also serve as an introduction to some of the major approaches taken in the investigation of analogy. As noted, this volume brings together the work of researchers in several different disciplines. The various approaches taken with respect to the understanding of analogy tend to be rather different, however, the articles suggest a common conclusion. Analogy and metaphor pervade thought and language; their close investigation thus constitutes a valuable contribution to our understanding of persons. DAVID H. HELMAN Case Western Reserve University vii PART I CONCEPTUAL AND CATEGORICAL THEORIES OF ANALOGICAL UNDERSTANDING MARK TURNER CATEGORIES AND ANALOGIES I want to pursue the following claims: The way we categorize helps explain the way we recognize a statement as an analogy.

Electrical (Generator and Electrical Plant)

Author : Sam Stuart
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483157512
Total Pages : 605 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)

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Book Synopsis Electrical (Generator and Electrical Plant) by : Sam Stuart

Download or read book Electrical (Generator and Electrical Plant) written by Sam Stuart and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrical (Generator and Electrical Plant), Volume 4 is a five-chapter text that covers the principles, design, manufacture, characteristics, and maintenance of generators and electrical plant equipment. Chapter 1 deals with the design, construction, and operational aspects of large turbo-generators of up to 500 MW rating. Chapter 2 summarizes the practices in respect of main switchgear and ancillary equipment for generating stations. Chapter 3 looks into the main parameters of the electrical auxiliary system design and the details of the switchgear, motors, and associated equipment. Chapter 4 describes the construction and assembly, design, operation, and maintenance of transformers. This chapter also covers the development of power cables for transformers, installation, and commissioning tests. Chapter 5 examines the role of protection in system design and the principles and operation of automatic voltage regulators. This book is of great value to workers and students who are interested in the design and operation of electrical plant equipment.

The Development of Thinking and Reasoning

Author : Pierre Barrouillet
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135083940
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis The Development of Thinking and Reasoning by : Pierre Barrouillet

Download or read book The Development of Thinking and Reasoning written by Pierre Barrouillet and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-06-26 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thinking and reasoning are key activities for human beings. In this book a distinguished set of contributors provides a wide readership with up-to-date scientific advances in the developmental psychology of thinking and reasoning, both at the theoretical and empirical levels. The first part of the book illustrates how modern approaches to the study of thinking and reasoning have gone beyond the Piagetian legacy: through the investigation of avenues previously not explored, and by demonstrating that young children have higher capacities than was assumed within the Piagetian tradition. The second part focuses upon theoretical and empirical investigations of the interplay between logic and intuition in reasoning and decision making, and how these forms of thinking evolve with age, through the general framework of what is known as dual-process theories. Contrary to Piaget’s claim, it becomes apparent that elaborate adult reasoning could rely on some form of intuition. The Development of Thinking and Reasoning provides psychologists, educators and everyone interested in child development with an integrated and up-to-date series of chapters, written by prominent specialists in the areas of thinking, reasoning, and decision making.

The Social Process of Scientific Investigation

Author : W.R. Knorr
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400991096
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Process of Scientific Investigation by : W.R. Knorr

Download or read book The Social Process of Scientific Investigation written by W.R. Knorr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: practice, some of which is translated into the standard forms of public discourse, in publication, and then retranslated by readers and adapted again to local practice at self-selected other sites. Less may be left implicit, and additional personal and contextual information is carried, by the "informal" methods of communication which mediate local projects and international publication. But both methods of communication are screens as well as conduits of information. History and Background of the Volume When the planning of this volume began in the spring of 1977, it seemed a natural part of the mandate for the Yearbook. There had also been a number of more specific calls for deeper studies of research in social and historical context (3). These calls can be seen as giving permission and legitimacy to ask questions otherwise seen as irrelevant, or even disrespectful, and as attempts to develop new perspectives from which to ask and to answer them. The implied and expressed irreverence toward traditions and institutions of great respect may have prolonged this process of initial apologetics. In any case, in May 1977 the theme of 'The Social Process of Scientific Investigation' was proposed to the Editorial Board for Volume IV as "the heart of the subject. " That is, the ethnographic and detailed historical study of actual scientific activity and thinking at or close to the work site.

After Taste. Critique of insufficient reason

Author : Slavko Kacunko
Publisher : Slavko Kacunko
ISBN 13 : 3000692134
Total Pages : 855 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis After Taste. Critique of insufficient reason by : Slavko Kacunko

Download or read book After Taste. Critique of insufficient reason written by Slavko Kacunko and published by Slavko Kacunko. This book was released on 2021-06-02 with total page 855 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After Taste is an inquiry into a field of study dedicated to the reconsideration, reconstruction and rehabilitation of the concept of Taste. Taste is the category, whose systematic, historical and actual dimensions have traditionally been located in a variety of disciplines. The actuality and potential of the study is based on a variety of collected facts from readings and experiences, which materialize in the following features: One concept (figurative Taste), two thinking traditions (analytic and synthetic/continental) and three interrelated dimensions (systematic, historic and actual) are presented in three volumes. As such, the study presents a salient comprehensive companion for wider readership of humanities approaching conceptions of Taste for the first time. Moreover, After Taste is intended for anyone who hopes to make a further contribution to the subject. Since its appearance and apparently short triumph some 250 years ago, the concept of non-literary Taste remained the linchpin of aesthetic theory and practice, but also a category outreaching aesthetics. Taste as the personal unity of the production, theory and criticism of art and literature, which was still largely taken as a given in the eighteenth century, has meanwhile given way to a highly-differentiated art world, in which aesthetic discourse is placed in such a way that it can seemingly no longer have a conceptual or linguistic effect on general opinion making. The critical role of “Taste judges”, ratings and rankings in the feuilleton, politics and social media on the one hand and the responding search for new canons on the other have had a huge impact on the academic and popular discourse today. However, Taste’s impact on society is in fact all-encompassing and yet, without getting even close to the “magnetic North” of the academic compass. After Taste fills the gaps of systematic research by a comprehensive tracing of the emergence of the doctrines, discourses and disciplinary dimensions of Taste up to the peak of its systematic and historical trajectory in the eighteenth century and onwards into the present day. The guiding goal is a post-disciplinary rehabilitation of the contested category as a preparation for its productive usage in emerging academic and popular contexts. Three intertwined research hypotheses form the guiding goal of an overall study of the agencies of Taste, its institutionalizations and expert cultures: The (1) first part provides a missing systematic perspective on the concept of Taste as a key factor for understanding the human faculties, value theories and practices of valuating. The (2) second part traces the events at the peak of Taste’s systematic and historical trajectories up until the late eighteenth century and verifies the historiographical hypothesis about the instrumentality of Taste for the production, reception and distribution of culture. The (3) third part reconstructs the major moments in which the contested concept of Taste experiences its post-disciplinary rehabilitation, in preparation for its future productive usage in the academic and popular discourses and practices. It shows how the category of Taste became the foundation, legitimation and the catalyst for the emerging division of labour, faculties and disciplines, confirming the hypothesis of the immense impact and actuality of Taste in the contemporary world.

Plato's Pigs and Other Ruminations

Author : M. D. Usher
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108879411
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Plato's Pigs and Other Ruminations by : M. D. Usher

Download or read book Plato's Pigs and Other Ruminations written by M. D. Usher and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-15 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Greeks and Romans have been charged with destroying the ecosystems within which they lived. In this book, however, M. D. Usher argues rather that we can find in their lives and thought the origin of modern ideas about systems and sustainability, important topics for humans today and in the future. With chapters running the gamut of Greek and Roman experience – from the Presocratics and Plato to Roman agronomy and the Benedictine Rule – Plato's Pigs brings together unlikely bedfellows, both ancient and modern, to reveal surprising connections. Lively prose and liberal use of anecdotal detail, including an afterword about the author's own experiments with sustainable living on his sheep farm in Vermont, add a strong authorial voice. In short, this is a unique, first-of-its-kind book that is sure to be of interest to anyone working in Classics, environmental studies, philosophy, ecology, or the history of ideas.

The Apocalyptic Letter to the Galatians

Author : James M. Scott
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 1978705476
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (787 download)

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Book Synopsis The Apocalyptic Letter to the Galatians by : James M. Scott

Download or read book The Apocalyptic Letter to the Galatians written by James M. Scott and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2021-05-18 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One “apocalyptic” reading of Paul’s letter to the Galatians has been attempted before and is now widely accepted, but that reading is not based on a thorough engagement with Jewish apocalyptic traditions of the Second Temple period. In this book, James M. Scott argues that there is an essential continuity between Galatians and Paul’s Jewish past, and that Paul uses the apocalyptic Epistle of Enoch (1 Enoch 92–105) as a literary model for his own letter. Scott first contextualizes the Epistle of Enoch using the entire Enochic corpus and explores the extensive similarities (and some significant differences) between the Enochic tradition and early Stoicism. Then he turns to deal specifically with Paul’s letter to the Galatians, showing that, despite their obvious differences, the two apocalyptic letters have some remarkable features in common as well. This approach to the interpretation of Galatians fundamentally stands to change the way biblical scholars understand Paul’s letter and the gospel that he preached. Paul is “within Judaism,” if the net for what is included in “Judaism” is wide enough to encompass the Enochic tradition.

Rhetorical Investigations

Author : Leslie Gardner
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135909210
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (359 download)

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Book Synopsis Rhetorical Investigations by : Leslie Gardner

Download or read book Rhetorical Investigations written by Leslie Gardner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-04-12 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rhetorical analysis of texts exposes plausible ‘truths’ and presumptions implied by the writer’s presentation. In this volume, Leslie Gardner analyses the master psychologist Jung, who claimed to be expert at uncovering personal, psychological truths. In his theoretical writings, his rhetoric reveals philosophical ramifications which bear strong similarities to those of the rhetorician of the 18th century, Italian philosopher Giambattista Vico. This book is driven by an interest in arguing that it is possible to read Jung’s works easily enough when you have a set of precepts to go by. The paradox of scientific discovery being set out in Jung’s grotesque and arcane imagery begins to seem a startling and legitimate psychology for the 21st century. It is time Jungian studies took on this most appropriate examination of analytical psychology. Bringing Vico to bear directly on Jung’s thought has only been cursorily attempted before although much alluded to. We find indeed that some of Jung’s ideas derive directly from rhetorical theory, and this volume proposes to highlight Jung’s innovations, and bring him into forefront of contemporary psychological thought. Rhetorical Investigations will be of interest to analysts and academics, and also to those studying philosophy and psychology.

Transnationalism and Translation in Modern Chinese, English, French and Japanese Literatures

Author : Ryan Johnson
Publisher : Anthem Press
ISBN 13 : 178527435X
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (852 download)

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Book Synopsis Transnationalism and Translation in Modern Chinese, English, French and Japanese Literatures by : Ryan Johnson

Download or read book Transnationalism and Translation in Modern Chinese, English, French and Japanese Literatures written by Ryan Johnson and published by Anthem Press. This book was released on 2020-12-15 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theory of “literary worlds” has become increasingly important in comparative and world literatures. But how are the often-contradictory elements of Eastern and Western literatures to cohere in the new worlds such contact creates? Drawing on the latest work in philosophical logic and analytic Asian philosophy, this monograph proposes a new model of literary worlds that is best suited to comparative literature dealing with Western and East Asian traditions. Unlike much discussion of world literature anchored in North American traditions, featured here is the transnational work of artists, philosophers, and poets writing in English, French, Japanese and Mandarin in the twentieth century. Rather than imposing sharp borders, this book suggests that vague boundaries link Eastern and Western literary works and traditions, and that degrees of distance can better help us to see the multiple dimensions that both distinguish and join together literary worlds East and West. As such, it enables us to grasp not only how East Asian and Western writers translate one another’s works into their own languages and traditions, but also how modern writers East and West modify their own traditions in order to make them fit in the new constellation of literary worlds brought about by the complex flow of literary information across twentieth-century Eurasia.

Augustine and the Trinity

Author : Lewis Ayres
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139493329
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Augustine and the Trinity by : Lewis Ayres

Download or read book Augustine and the Trinity written by Lewis Ayres and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-11-11 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Augustine of Hippo (354–430) strongly influenced western theology, but he has often been accused of over-emphasizing the unity of God to the detriment of the Trinity. In Augustine and the Trinity, Lewis Ayres offers a new treatment of this important figure, demonstrating how Augustine's writings offer one of the most sophisticated early theologies of the Trinity developed after the Council of Nicaea (325). Building on recent research, Ayres argues that Augustine was influenced by a wide variety of earlier Latin Christian traditions which stressed the irreducibility of Father, Son and Spirit. Augustine combines these traditions with material from non-Christian Neoplatonists in a very personal synthesis. Ayres also argues that Augustine shaped a powerful account of Christian ascent toward understanding of, as well as participation in the divine life, one that begins in faith and models itself on Christ's humility.